Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence, causes and risk factors of bilateral visual impairment in rural areas of Tianjin, China.

Methods: A large population-based, cross-sectional study. A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 12 233 participants in all age groups living in rural Tianjin. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Bharti Eye Foundation and Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of laser corneal surgery and phakic IOL surgery in adult amblyopic eyes.

Methods: Retrospective assessment was done in 688 amblyopic eyes 640 patients who underwent LASIK or phakic IOLs. Ophthalmological evaluation included measurement of uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities. Read More

PLoS One 2020 29;15(6):e0235290. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

This study evaluated the reproducibility of the Teller Acuity Cards (TAC) test, its correlation with the optotype test, and its usefulness for detecting amblyopia in preliterate children. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 64 children who had undergone the TAC test more than once and were later followed up with the optotype test. The mean corrected visual acuities (logMAR) of the first and last TAC tests were 0. Read More

Curr Biol 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. Electronic address:

Disrupting binocular vision during a developmental critical period can yield enduring changes to ocular dominance (OD) in primary visual cortex (V1). Here we investigated how this experience-dependent plasticity is coordinated within the laminar circuitry of V1 by deleting separately in each cortical layer (L) a gene required to close the critical period, nogo-66 receptor (ngr1). Deleting ngr1 in excitatory neurons in L4, but not in L2/3, L5, or L6, prevented closure of the critical period, and adult mice remained sensitive to brief monocular deprivation. Read More

Front Syst Neurosci 2020 10;14:32. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

In animal models, monocular deprivation (MD) by lid closure mimics the effects of unilateral amblyopia in humans. Temporary inactivation of one or both eyes with intraocular administration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) has recently been shown to promote recovery from the anatomical effects of MD at post-critical period ages when standard recovery strategies fail. In the current study, the retinae and optic nerves of animals subjected to 10 days of monocular retinal inactivation were assessed for pathological changes as a means of assessing the viability of this potential new amblyopia therapy. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 Jul;68(7):1407-1410

Sankara Academy of Vision, Sankara Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Purpose: Photo screeners and autorefractors have been used to screen children for amblyopia risk factors (ARF) but are limited by cost and efficacy. We looked for a deep learning and image processing analysis-based system to screen for ARF.

Methods: An android smartphone was used to capture images using a specially coded application that modified the camera setting. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Fundus Image Reading Centre, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Importance: Microvascular abnormalities in amblyopia are becoming evident with high-resolution imaging, such as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A); however, to our knowledge, the clinical significance and use of these findings are unknown.

Objective: To assess changes in quantitative OCT-A metrics in amblyopic eyes and explore their association with visual acuity in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based nested case-control study included children aged 6 to 8 years who were consecutively recruited between January 2016 and July 2017 from the population-based Hong Kong Children Eye Study (HKCES) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 Jun;61(6):50

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Purpose: To investigate the influence of interocular suppression and visual acuity loss on stereoacuity in observers with and without abnormal vision development from strabismus or amblyopia. To determine whether stereoacuity improves in amblyopic observers when suppression is neutralized.

Methods: Experiment 1: Visual acuity (VA), depth of suppression (contrast ratio [CR]), and stereoacuity (digital random-dot) were tested in adult amblyopic observers (n = 21; age 27 ± 11 years). Read More

J Optom 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Optometry and Vision Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Stereopsis is a valuable feature of human visual perception which is critically impaired in amblyopia, but can be improved through perceptual learning (PL). This article aims to determine the variables affecting the outcomes and intensity of a stereoacuity stimulation program.

Methods: Re-analysis of a previous study in stereodeficient subjects with a history of amblyopia. Read More

PLoS One 2020 19;15(6):e0234414. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental condition causing reduced vision, for which programmes of whole population child vision screening exist throughout the world. There is an ongoing debate about the value of screening due to the lack of evidence about meaningful functional impacts of amblyopia. Our objective was to determine whether amblyopia is associated with school readiness and early cognitive performance. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 25;14:1427-1435. Epub 2020 May 25.

Alaska Blind Child Discovery, Anchorage, AK, USA.

Background: Photoscreeners provide valid, cost-effective early detection of amblyopia risk factors; however, they require proper illumination, flash intensity, pupil dilation and patient cooperation. The Kaleidos case for the 2WIN infrared photoscreener fixes focal distance, decreases luminance and provides electric power. GoCheck Kids (GCK) has developed a flash-concentrating case for the Apple iPhone 7 Plus smartphone to reduce exposure time. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 18;14:1337-1342. Epub 2020 May 18.

Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the rotational stability, visual acuity and refractive error after sulcus implantation of a secondary toric IOL.

Setting: One clinical practice in Haugesund, Norway.

Design: Non-interventional single-arm diagnostic study. Read More

J Optom 2020 Jun 10. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Economics, School of Economics, Business and International Studies, University of Piraeus, M. Karaoli & A. Dimitriou 80, 18534 Piraeus, Greece.

Purpose: To investigate the potential impact of strabismus and amblyopia on visual-perceptual skills (VPS) and visual-motor skills (VMS) of patients according to the type of strabismus, visual acuity (VA), state of binocularity, and sex.

Methods: This observational, transversal, prospective study analyzed a sample of 146 children with strabismus (88 male and 58 female) aged 5-15 years from Querétaro, México. To determine the strabismus type, we considered the deviation direction, frequency, binocularity state, and associated and dissociated elements. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 11;20(1):224. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Augentagesklinik Rheine, Osnabrücker Straße 233-235, 48429, Rheine, Germany.

Background: This multicentre, retro-prospective real-world study evaluated the visual, refractive and safety outcomes of a monofocal lens 1 year after implantation in cataract patients with or without pre-existing ocular pathologies.

Methods: Records from 4 centres in Germany and Sweden were reviewed to select eyes with aged-related cataracts, having undergone crystalline lens extraction by phacoemulsification and implantation of a CT ASPHINA 409 IOL. Preoperative, 1-month and 3-month postoperative data was collected retrospectively. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 10. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Background: Recent reports have suggested a significant change in the causes of blindness in children in low-income countries cataract becoming the leading cause. We aimed to investigate the presentations and surgical outcomes in children with cataract operated at different ages in Tanzania.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 228 children aged ≤192 months at three tertiary centres, 177 with bilateral cataracts and prospectively followed them for 1-year postsurgery. Read More

J Refract Surg 2020 Jun;36(6):366-373

Purpose: To analyze clinical and functional results of femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FSLASIK) in children with hyperopia and unilateral anisome-tropic amblyopia.

Methods: The study included 24 patients (24 eyes) aged 5 to 15 years. Before the surgery, the mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) of amblyopic eyes was +3. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address:

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of residual amblyopia on functional vision and eye-related quality of life (ER-QOL) in children and their families using the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ).

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study METHODS: Seventeen children with residual amblyopia (no current treatment except glasses), 48 visually normal controls without glasses and 19 controls wearing glasses (aged 8-11 years) completed the Child 5-11 year PedEyeQ. One parent for each child completed the Proxy 5-11 PedEyeQ, Parent PedEyeQ. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2020 06;4(6):567

Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

J AAPOS 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Eye Institute, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address:

Ophthalmic manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a newborn are rare. Ocular involvement typically involves the posterior segment bilaterally and manifests as choroidal and/or retinal hemorrhages associated with fibrin thrombi in the choriocapillaris. We present the case of a newborn girl with DIC secondary to sepsis who subsequently developed nonclearing hyphema, related secondary cataract, 360° posterior synechiae, and nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye and diffuse retinal hemorrhage in the left eye. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2020 ;136(3):93-99

Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

The article describes the factors affecting the target refraction of pseudophakic eyes of children after extraction of congenital cataracts. The factors include features of the echobiometric parameters of the eye, refraction, comorbidity of congenital cataracts and ocular pathologies, margins of error in calculating strength of the intraocular lens, localization and structure of the artificial lens, as well as correction of obscure or refractive amblyopia in pseudophakic eyes. Development of the algorithm for correction of residual refraction of pseudophakic eyes in children both before and after IOL implantation with consideration of each of those factors currently remains a relevant problem. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020 Jul;59(8):760-765

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Children who present with an abnormal red reflex (ARR) are often referred to ophthalmology due to concern for retinoblastoma. However, an ARR can indicate a wide variety of pathologies, all of which have the potential to develop amblyopia and irreversible vision loss. In this retrospective cohort study, we demonstrate that children who presented with an ARR had a mean age of 22. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Aim: To assess the visual acuity at the end of life in glaucoma suspect patients, ocular hypertension, and patients treated for glaucoma and to find factors contributing to a reduced visual acuity in this cohort of deceased patients.

Methods: In a cohort of 3883 medically treated glaucoma patients, glaucoma suspect, or patients with ocular hypertension assembled in 2001-2004, 1639 were deceased. Patient data were collected from electronic and paper patient files. Read More

Doc Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

The Department of Clinical and Academic Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

Purpose: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be used to measure visual resolution via a spatial frequency (SF) limit as an objective estimate of visual acuity. The aim of this systematic review is to collate descriptions of the VEP SF limit in humans, healthy and disordered, and to assess how accurately and precisely VEP SF limits reflect visual acuity.

Methods: The protocol methodology followed the PRISMA statement. Read More

Doc Ophthalmol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of vision training with visual evoked potentials (VEP) biofeedback in amblyopia after the critical period in 8 to 17-year (11.5 ± 3.1) old children. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan and.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a frontalis muscle flap eyelid reanimation technique for correction of severe congenital ptosis and associated amblyopia in infants.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients 12 months of age or younger with unilateral or bilateral congenital ptosis and associated amblyopia or deemed at high risk for amblyopia due to visual deprivation. Following ptosis repair via a frontalis muscle flap technique, primary outcomes of postoperative eyelid position and amblyopia reversal were assessed. Read More

J Neurosci 2020 Jul 28;40(27):5214-5227. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029

The limitation of plasticity in the adult brain impedes functional recovery later in life from brain injury or disease. This pressing clinical issue may be resolved by enhancing plasticity in the adult brain. One strategy for triggering robust plasticity in adulthood is to reproduce one of the hallmark physiological events of experience-dependent plasticity observed during the juvenile critical period: to rapidly reduce the activity of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons and disinhibit local excitatory neurons. Read More

Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Aims: To determine prevalence, causes, and risk factors of reduced uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), reduced presenting visual acuity (PVA), and persistent reduced visual acuity (VA) among Chinese preschool children.

Methods: The longitudinal, population-based Nanjing Eye Study (NES) was carried out. Children underwent baseline comprehensive ocular examinations in 2016 (at 48-60 months old) and the follow-up ocular examinations in 2017. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To study the varied demographic, visual and clinical presentation of patients with nanophthalmos.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 144 consecutive subjects with nanophthalmos from January 2010 to January 2018 was done. Demographic details, visual acuity, refractive status, clinical parameters and surgical data were collected. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 Jun;68(6):1132-1135

Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To report a rare case series of 14 patients of the Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon (MGJWP) without ptosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective noninterventional case series. The medical records of all patients diagnosed with MGJWP over the past 10 years were retrieved. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 May;61(5):58

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Purpose: Global motion and global form perception have been found to be abnormal in the presence of amblyopia. How such deficits manifest in visual function reliant on the interactions between these two visual processing mechanisms has not been adequately explored. In the current study, we use dynamic Glass patterns (dGlass) to measure implied motion thresholds in variable external noise to investigate the local and global limitations of processing. Read More

Vision Res 2020 Aug 24;173:29-40. Epub 2020 May 24.

School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.

The adult visual system was traditionally thought to be relatively hard-wired, but recent studies have challenged this view by demonstrating plasticity following short-term monocular deprivation. Depriving one eye of spatial information for 2-3 h increased subsequent sensory dominance of that eye. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020 May;57(3):190-198

Purpose: To facilitate the development of standardized guidelines for the surgical management of patients with pediatric traumatic cataracts by assessing current ophthalmologists' practice patterns.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study. A 24-question electronic survey of current practices pertaining to the surgical management of pediatric traumatic cataracts was sent to pediatric ophthalmologists worldwide. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020 May;57(3):176-184

Purpose: To investigate self-administered, at-home use of a perceptual learning-based video game consisting of target detection of stimuli in different sizes, spatial frequency, orientation, and contrast as a potential dichoptic therapy to improve binocular function in amblyopic patients resistant to patching.

Methods: Children (ages 8 to 18 years) with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia were recruited from a single institution. All participants (n = 25) were prescribed 6 weeks of patching for 2 hours per day, and those whose visual acuity did not improve were randomized to binocular perceptual learning (n = 7), monocular perceptual learning (n = 8), or patching (n = 10) groups for 8 weeks in this prospective cohort study. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020 May;57(3):146-153

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of the Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) in children 6 years and older and recommend device thresholds to improve its accuracy for the detection of refractive error.

Methods: The Spot Vision Screener results were compared with three gold standard conditions of increasingly narrow refractive error criterion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Spot Vision Screener in detecting each gold standard criterion were calculated. Read More

Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 May 25;15(1):124. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by reduced activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase resulting in elevated blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentration. Despite some obvious ocular changes, the disorder has been poorly recognized by ophthalmologists. Neurophysiologic tests imply prolonged reaction time correlating with increased phenylalanine blood concentrations. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2020 May 25;20(1):203. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Background: Many treatments are currently available for amblyopic patients; although, the comparative efficacy of these therapies is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to establish the relative efficacy of these treatments for amblyopia.

Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) were systematically searched from inception to Sep. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020 May 22:1-12. Epub 2020 May 22.

Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place de l'Université 1 , Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.

To describe the vision screening procedures in the three Belgian linguistic communities and present Belgian screening results.

Analyses were carried out on 636 260 Belgian children between 2009 and 2016. Pre-school children were tested once or twice, while schoolchildren were tested seven or eight times. Read More

J Pain Res 2020 5;13:947-953. Epub 2020 May 5.

Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative discomfort in patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus under general anesthesia, and to identify risk factors associated with the discomfort.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 consecutive patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus under general anesthesia. Postoperative discomfort including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache was recorded and quantified. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 7;14:1261-1267. Epub 2020 May 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ozel Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Inter-ocular symmetry of macular vascular anatomy in healthy subjects has been well documented in previous optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) studies. In our present study, we have demonstrated that the presence of anisometropic amblyopia in one eye does not alter this unique feature significantly. We investigated whether the presence of unilateral anisometropic amblyopia due to moderate amounts of hyperopia and/or astigmatism would have any significant influence on measurements of retinal thickness (RT) and superficial vessel density (SVD) in adult subjects. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 May 20;10(1):8328. Epub 2020 May 20.

Luminopia, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Given the prevalence of poor adherence to therapy and the biases of self-reporting across healthcare, we hypothesized that an engaging, personalized therapy may improve adherence and treatment outcomes in the home. We tested this hypothesis in the initial indication of amblyopia, a neurodevelopmental disorder for which available treatments are limited by low adherence. We designed a novel digital therapeutic that modifies patient-selected cinematic content in real-time into therapeutic visual input, while objectively monitoring adherence. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Jun 1;43(6):547. Epub 2020 May 1.

Service ophtalmologie, 1, place de L'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address:

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 May 14;17(10). Epub 2020 May 14.

Division of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

Background: The newly introduced German pediatric screening examination at the end of the third year of life (U7a) incorporates visual function testing in particular; there is no ophthalmic screening during childhood in Germany. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between participation in U7a and visual function at the preschool health examination (PHE) in the sixth year of life.

Methods: This study evaluated PHE data from school enrollment years 2009/2010 to 2014/2015 of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Read More

Optom Vis Sci 2020 May;97(5):324-331

White River Family Eye Care, White River Junction, Vermont.

Significance: Vision screenings are conducted to detect significant refractive errors, amblyopia, and ocular diseases. Vision screening devices are desired to have high testability, sensitivity, and specificity. Spot has demonstrated high testability, but previous reports suggest that the Spot has low sensitivity for detecting amblyogenic hyperopia and moderate sensitivity for amblyogenic astigmatism. Read More

Optom Vis Sci 2020 May;97(5):316-323

ABC Eyes Pediatric Ophthalmology, PA, Dallas, Texas.

Significance: We sought to identify baseline and clinical factors that were predictive of the response to amblyopia treatment. We report that binocular amblyopia treatment may be especially effective for moderate amblyopia in orthotropic children.

Purpose: We previously reported results from the primary cohort (n = 28) enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (NCT02365090), which found that binocular amblyopia treatment was more effective than patching. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2020 May 15:1-7. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California.

: Prior studies have reported a lower retinal vessel density (RVD) in amblyopic vs. non-amblyopic eyes. No studies have shown if amblyopic eye RVD changes following patching therapy. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2020 18;13(4):632-636. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Nikookari Eye Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5154645395, Iran.

Aim: To evaluate the moderate-term success and calculate the mean dose-effect ratio in large-angle esotropic patients who underwent three muscle surgery.

Methods: In a retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 37 patients with large-angle esotropia who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession and one lateral rectus resection. Sex, age at surgery time, amount of recessed or resected muscles in millimeter (mm), pre- and postoperative alignment in prism diopter (D), dose/response ratio, and presence of amblyopia and other associated vertical deviations were recorded. Read More

Cornea 2020 May 11. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.

Purpose: To describe the ocular complications experienced by patients with pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) and the management strategies used to care for these children.

Methods: Subjects with PTCD were recruited through social media advertisement and completed a survey gathering information on potential ocular problems related to the patient's PTCD disease and any current or previous treatments.

Results: Twenty-two patients or guardians completed the survey. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 May;61(5)

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Purpose: We investigated and characterized the patterns of meridional anisotropies in newly diagnosed refractive amblyopes using pattern onset-offset visual evoked potentials (POVEPs) and psychophysical grating acuity (GA).

Methods: Twenty-five refractive amblyopes were recruited and compared with non-amblyopic controls from our previous study. Monocular POVEPs were recorded in response to sinewave 4 cycles per degree (cpd) grating stimuli oriented along each individual participants' principal astigmatic meridians, which were approximately horizontal (meridian 1) and vertical (meridian 2). Read More