Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J AAPOS 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.

Purpose: To investigate retinal microvascular findings detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in amblyopic eyes compared with normal eyes.

Methods: A total of 23 amblyopic (strabismic, ametropic, anisometropic, and meridional amblyopia) and 22 normal eyes were included in this prospective observational, comparative study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination and OCT-A imaging. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2019 Apr 18;236(4):434-437. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

University Eye Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: Tests of contrast sensitivity (CS) are not routinely performed in the clinic, although CS is reduced in many conditions, such as amblyopia or glaucoma. This may be due to perceived time constraints or unaffordability of equipment.

Patients And Methods: Monocular CS functions obtained with the FACT, CSV 1000E, and Lea Symbols were compared in 19 healthy subjects aged 24 - 78 years and 24 subjects aged 5 - 16 years, 9 of whom had amblyopia. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.

Introduction: Strabismus is a common cause for amblyopia and affected children need regular ophthalmic care. This study evaluated the frequency of ophthalmic care in children suffering from strabismus and analyzed associated factors.

Methods: The data of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents from the Robert Koch Institute (KiGGS, baseline survey 2003-2006, N = 17,640) were analyzed. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address:

Approximately 25% of school-aged children in the United States have vision abnormalities, most commonly refractive error that can be corrected with spectacles. Limited follow-up adherence after failed school-based vision screening led to an increase in school-based eye care programs that provide screening, eye examinations, and spectacle prescription at the school. These programs address the access barrier and often provide the first point of contact between children and eye care. Read More

J Vis 2019 Apr;19(4):17

Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder that is associated with abnormal visual stimulation during early childhood. Although our knowledge regarding spatial vision deficits in amblyopic subjects is well established, the neural control of eye movements in amblyopia is yet to be explored. In the present study we have evaluated the gap effect, and for the first time (to our best knowledge), express saccades generation in amblyopic (strabismic as well as anisometropic) and age-matched control subjects. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 8;9(1):5789. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Stereoscopic vision plays a critical role in visual perception; however, it is difficult to assess. In clinical settings, stereoacuity is assessed with clinical stereotests. Observers can use monocular cues to deceive some of the most common stereotests, such as the Titmus test. Read More

Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2019 May 7;39(3):131-140. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

Adelaide, Australia.

Purpose: Patients' perceptions about the functional impact of amblyopia and strabismus in daily life have not been explored extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of adults with these conditions and understand the functional limitations they face in their day-to-day life.

Methods: A qualitative study design was adopted. Read More

Cornea 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Purpose: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple systemic anomalies and unique facial characteristics. Here, we present the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of bilateral congenital corneal opacities as an early-onset ocular manifestation of KS associated with a KMT2D gene mutation.

Methods: The proband is a girl. Read More

Acta Med Port 2019 Mar 29;32(3):179-182. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Centro Cirúrgico de Coimbra. Coimbra. IBILI. Faculty of Medicine. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Department of Ophthalmology. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte. Lisbon. Portugal.

Introduction: Amblyopia requires a timely diagnosis and treatment to attain maximum vision recovery. Specialty literature is lacking on how early amblyopia is referred. We aimed to understand if there are mean age differences at first referral for ophthalmologic tertiary center consultation among non-amblyopic and different types of amblyopia, in a context of lack of population screening. Read More

J Vis 2019 Apr;19(4)

School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between binocular vision and fixation stability (FS). Across three experiments, we investigated (a) whether fixation was more stable during binocular versus monocular viewing across a range of stimulus contrasts in normal observers (n = 11), (b) whether binocular rivalry affected FS in normal observers (n = 14), and (c) whether FS was affected by interocular contrast differences in normal observers (n = 8) and patients with anisometropic amblyopia (n = 5). FS was quantified using global bivariate contour ellipse area, and microsaccades were detected using an unsupervised cluster-detection method. Read More

Neural Plast 2019 27;2019:7143458. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Background: Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is one of the most common forms of syndromic deafness with heterogeneity of loci and alleles and variable expressivity of clinical features.

Methods: The technology of single-nucleotide variants (SNV) and copy number variation (CNV) detection was developed to investigate the genotype spectrum of WS in a Chinese population.

Results: Ninety WS patients and 24 additional family members were recruited for the study. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Gloucestershire Eye Unit, Cheltenham, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background: The landmark Pediatric Eye Disease Investigators Group (PEDIG) Amblyopia Treatment Studies (ATS) 2A and 2B concluded that 6 hours of occlusion were as efficacious as full-time occlusion in treating severe amblyopia and that 2 hours occlusion were as effective as 6 in treating moderate amblyopia. We present the first retrospective study of real-world outcomes of amblyopia treatment using PEDIG amblyopia protocols in 877 patients treated at a single center.

Methods: Electronic patient records were reviewed retrospectively to identify children of Leeds, England, meeting ATS2A (severe amblyopia) and ATS2B (moderate amblyopia) inclusion criteria who presented at the Gloucestershire Eye Unit from 2013 to 2017. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Hôtel-Dieu, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France.

Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not uncommon in clinical practice and should be recognized. Size abnormalities of the optic disc include optic disc aplasia, hypoplasia, megalopapilla, and optic disc cupping in prematurity. Among congenital excavations of the optic disc head, morning glory disc anomaly and optic disc pit can be complicated by serous retinal detachment; the papillorenal disc is an association of bilateral optic disc cupping and renal hypoplasia which should be ruled out; optic disc coloboma is caused by an abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure and can be complicated by choroidal neovascularization and retinal detachment. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Mar;33(1):41-45. Epub 2018 Oct 21.

Ophthalmology Department, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Aim: To report a critical case series of six patients with posterior microphthalmos (PM).

Method: Complete ophthalmologic examinations of all patients were performed using best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, applanation tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, fundoscopy, A and B mode ultrasonography (USG), keratometry, and optic coherence tomography (OCT).

Results: The most significant clinical characteristics of male patients aged 10-25 years was the presence of shorter posterior segments (mean: 15. Read More

J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019 Aug;19(8):4406-4413

Department of Optometry & Vision Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38430, South Korea.

The silicone monomer (SiH2) used in this study contains acrylate monomer, DMA (-dimethylacrylamide). For the polymerization, PtOEP (platinum octaethylporphyrin) was added to the synthesized silicone, DMA (-dimethyl acrylamide), HPMA (hydroxy propyl methacrylate), PEGMEMA [poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methylacrylate], EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) with various concentrations. Using the polymer produced through the thermal polymerization process, the optical and physical characteristics of high performance silicone hydrogel lenses were measured. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Mar;60(4):1185-1191

School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Purpose: To quantify retinal vascular density in amblyopic children and to investigate the relationship between superficial and deep retinal vessel density and retinal thickness.

Method: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 85 amblyopic children (5-12 years) and 66 age-matched control subjects participated at a pediatric ophthalmology clinic. Macular vessel densities of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP, respectively) and retinal thickness were measured by clinical optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA). Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2019 Mar 25;56:e17-e19. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Acquired pediatric Brown syndrome is rarely associated with sinusitis. Children may present with diplopia, elevation deficiency in adduction, and a head tilt or chin-up position. Magnetic resonance imaging can confirm the diagnosis. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 22. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Ophthalmology (400), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To raise awareness of Stargardt disease (STGD1) patients without fundus abnormalities.

Methods: Medical records were evaluated for age at onset, initial symptoms and diagnosis, reason for delay of diagnosis, age at STGD1 diagnosis, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), full-field electroretinography (ffERG), color vision test, and the presence of ABCA4 variants.

Results: In 11. Read More

Mil Med 2019 Mar;184(Supplement_1):584-592

NeuroFieldz Inc, 41 Esty Farm Road, Newton, MA.

A new product prototype system for diagnosing vision and neurological disorders, called NeuroDotVR, is described herein: this system utilizes a novel wireless NeuroDot brain sensor [Versek C et al. J Neural Eng. 2018 Aug; 15(4):046027] that quantitatively measures visual evoked potentials and fields resulting from custom visual stimuli displayed on a smartphone housed in a virtual reality headset. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr;67(4):551-552

Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr;67(4):520-521

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the superficial retinal vascular plexus density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in cases of strabismic amblyopia.

Methods: Ten eyes of 10 patients with purely strabismic amblyopia underwent detailed ocular evaluation followed by the assessment of the superficial retinal plexus vascular density using OCTA (Topcon DRI OCT Triton, Swept Source OCT, Topcon, Japan). Ten contralateral normal eyes of the same patients were considered as control. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 1;31(1):72-79. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and to find out which test setting has the most sensitivity and specificity for amblyopia diagnosis.

Methods: Thirty-three adult anisometropic amblyopes were intended in this study and were tested for visual evoked potentials with different stimulus conditions including three spatial frequencies [1, 2, and 4-cycles-per-degree (cpd)] at four contrast levels (100, 50, 25, and 5%). We also tested psychophysical contrast sensitivity and compared the results with electrophysiological ones. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Apr 18;42(4):368-374. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of ophthalmology, university hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Eye and nutrition research group, CNRS, INRA, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.

Purpose: To describe the visual results and postoperative complications of congenital cataract surgeries performed between 2005 and 2016.

Methods: A retrospective consecutive case series of congenital cataract surgeries was carried out at the Dijon University Hospital in France. Intraocular lens implantation was primary or secondary according to age. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Jan-Mar;69(1):34-41. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnosis and management practice patterns of different aspects of pediatric ophthalmology among pediatric ophthalmologists and orthoptists in Israel.

Methods: A 21-question survey was delivered to all registered pediatric ophthalmologists and orthoptists in Israel.

Results: The response rate was 58. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2019 Mar;56(2):88-94

Purpose: To determine the incidence of amblyopia risk factors during the first 3 years of life in premature children.

Methods: This prospective cohort included 145 premature children (gestational age of less than 37 weeks) who were evaluated for amblyopia risk factors every 6 months until age 3 years. The incidence rate, cumulative incidence, and prevalence of any amblyopia risk factor were assessed in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and non-ROP screened groups. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2019 Apr;116(4):391-404

Augenklinik, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.

Amblyopia is a visual deficit that occurs during childhood and results in an abnormal development of the normal cortical visual pathway. It is defined as the reduction of best corrected visual acuity of one or rarely both eyes, which is not explained by structural abnormalities of the eye alone. During the sensitive period amblyopia is completely or partially reversible. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2019 25;13:431-435. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA,

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate refractive errors in children with unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma (RB).

Methods: An institutional review board-approved consecutive retrospective cohort study was undertaken. Subjects underwent examination under general anesthesia as part of their RB follow-up, which included evaluation by a single pediatric ophthalmologist. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 12;19(1):73. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Esenkoy-Kozlu, 67600, Zonguldak, Turkey.

Background: This population based cross sectional study was conducted to detect amblyopia risk factors and myopia in a rural district of Northwestern Turkey by using PlusoptiX S12R (Photoscreener PlusoptiX Inc., Nuremberg, Germany).

Methods: Children from 38 rural schools in Caycuma district of Zonguldak Turkey underwent vision screening in their school using PlusoptiX S12 photoscreener. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.

Background: Children with cataract require frequent monitoring to detect complications, adjust refractive correction and treat amblyopia. This is time consuming for the families. The aim of the study was to evaluate how often children with cataract are seen as outpatients or under general anaesthesia during the first 7 years of life. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 03 11;19(1):71. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building Block B, 2nd Floor, 1-3 Brownlow Street, L69 3GL, Liverpool, UK.

. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2019 Mar 10. Epub 2019 Mar 10.

Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Background: The neural mechanism of amblyopia and its impact on the adult brain remain unclear. This hinders effective treatment for adults with this disease.

Purpose: To investigate neuroanatomical differences in cortical morphometry between amblyopic adults and healthy controls, and to explore the structural covariance of abnormal morphometric changes. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, CA; Doheny Eye Institute, UCLA, Pasadena, CA. Electronic address:

Purpose: Patients afflicted with clinically significant vitreous floaters suffer from Vision Degrading Myopdesopsia, characterized by impairments in contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and decreased quality-of-life. This study determined the cost-utility of limited vitrectomy for this condition.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series and third party insurer cost-utility analysis. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Mar;60(4):944-953

Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: Evidence from animals and blind humans suggests that early visual experience influences the developmental calibration of auditory localization. Hypothesizing that unilateral amblyopia may involve cross-modal deficits in spatial hearing, we measured the precision and accuracy of sound localization in humans with amblyopia.

Methods: All participants passed a standard hearing test. Read More

Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 Feb 28;6(2):274-284. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa Pisa Italy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term inverse occlusion, combined with moderate physical exercise, could promote the recovery of visual acuity and stereopsis in a group of adult anisometropic amblyopes.

Methods: Ten adult anisometropic patients underwent six brief (2 h) training sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Each training session consisted in the occlusion of the amblyopic eye combined with physical exercise (intermittent cycling on a stationary bike). Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas.

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Purpose: To study the retinal vascular oxygen saturation in amblyopic eyes and compare them to unaffected fellow eyes and eyes of normal subjects.

Methods: A total of 32 amblyopic, 24 normal and 13 fellow eyes of patients below age of 18 were enrolled in this prospective observation study. Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Jan-Mar;69(1):30-33. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

c Department of Ophthalmology , SMS Medical College , Jaipur , India.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of Smartphone-based exercises in conjunction with modified glasses prescription in the treatment of convergence insufficiency and fusion weakness.

Methods: A total of 150 patients using glasses and having asthenopia between 15 and 30 years of age were subjected to thorough eye examination including binocular vision testing and refraction. Of them 26 individuals were found to have convergence insufficiency with fusion weakness and exophoria >6 pd. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2019 Jan-Mar;14(1):71-77

Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA.

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder that results from mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene located on chromosome band 15q15-21. Fibrillin, a glycoprotein, is widely expressed throughout the body and contributes to the elasticity and force-bearing capacity of connective tissue. In the eye, fibrillin is a key constituent of the ciliary zonules, which suspend the crystalline lens in place. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2019 Jan-Mar;14(1):42-47

Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) in children with unilateral amblyopia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: One hundred and six eyes of 53 children with unilateral amblyopia and 20 eyes of 20 children with normal vision were involved in this study. Of the 53 children with unilateral amblyopia, 29 (54. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Jan-Mar;69(1):18-23. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

a The Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Neurosciences , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical significance of the periorbital features associated with the facial asymmetry that is common in deformational posterior plagiocephaly (DPP).

Patients And Methods: We identified 32 patients with DPP, photographed their faces and tops of their head, and performed a complete eye examination. Four examiners analyzed the patient's periorbital features on the photographs. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 26:1120672119834179. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Objective:: To investigate the choroidal thickness in children with amblyopia through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods:: A total of 31 children with unilateral amblyopia and 31 right eyes of controls with normal vision were enrolled in the study. The choroidal thickness was measured directly below the fovea and at 12 other locations: 1, 2 and 3 mm superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal to the fovea. Read More

Paediatr Child Health 2019 Feb 2;24(1):39-41. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.

Optom Vis Sci 2019 Mar;96(3):221-226

Significance: Although the clinical appearance of pediatric ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) is similar in children and adults, there is evidence that stromal disease and recurrences are more common in pediatric patients. Misdiagnosis of these patients is common, and patients can develop corneal scarring and amblyopia.

Purpose: This case series will review important clinical concepts on pediatric ocular HSV including differences in presentation and current treatment recommendations. Read More

Cureus 2018 Dec 17;10(12):e3744. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS.

Purpose To describe the demographics, indications, clinical outcomes and survival rate of penetrating keratoplasty in Malaysian children living in a suburban area, and discuss the literature on paediatric penetrating keratoplasty. Methodology A retrospective review of medical records was performed on children younger than 17 years of age who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2008 to December 2017. We recorded demographic data, presenting visual acuity, indications, final visual acuity, and graft survival at 12 months into the postoperative period. Read More

Clin Exp Optom 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Aniseikonia is a difference in the perceived size or shape of images between eyes, and can arise from a variety of physiological, neurological, retinal, and optical causes. Aniseikonia is associated with anisometropia, as both anisometropia itself and the optical correction for anisometropia can cause aniseikonia. Image size differences above one to three per cent can be clinically symptomatic. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of oral fluoxetine therapy in improving the visual function of amblyopic patients aged between 10 and 40 years old.

Methods: In this double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (IRCT2016052428046N1; registered retrospectively), 40 eligible participants with anisometropic or mixed amblyopia were randomly assigned to either fluoxetine or placebo groups. Participants with anisometropia and logMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) worse than 0. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Feb 19;9(2):e025441. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence rate of amblyopia and strabismus in Chinese Hani ethnic school-aged children.

Methods: All grade 1 and grade 7 students in Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, located in southwest China, were invited for comprehensive eye examinations performed by experienced ophthalmologists and optometrists, including visual acuity, ocular alignment and movements, cycloplegic autorefraction, anterior segment and fundus examinations. Standard definitions of amblyopia and strabismus were applied to calculate their prevalence rate. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Jan 28;9(1):e024869. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Purpose: To understand how we might improve the provision of medical care for children with cataracts.

Design: A phenomenological design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture rich descriptions of the phenomena. Read More

Harefuah 2019 Feb;158(2):115-120

Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa.

Introduction: "Childhood glaucoma" is a heterogenic group of diseases, characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with optic-disc damage and other ocular comorbidities. Diagnosis requires two or more of the following: elevated IOP, optic nerve damage, enlarged cornea or Descemet's membrane ruptures, enlarged eye, high myopia and visual field defects. Childhood glaucoma is classified as primary if it occurs as an isolated ocular disease, and secondary, when the disease occurs along with other ocular anomalies or systemic diseases such as Neurofibromatosis and Sturge-Weber, or with acquired conditions such as uveitis complications, ocular trauma, cataract surgery, as well as from systemic and ocular steroid use. Read More