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Neuroimage 2020 Jul 3:117132. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: The natural polyamine spermidine, known to be important for cellular function, decreases during aging. Previous research has demonstrated beneficial impact of spermidine intake on memory functions in both animal models and humans, suggesting that spermidine may be a preventive approach to delay age-related cognitive decline and possibly even Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association of spermidine intake with brain health in humans is still unknown. Read More

J Med Internet Res 2020 Jul 6;22(7):e17851. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.

Background: Diabetes and Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) are the seventh and sixth leading causes of death in the United States, respectively, and they coexist in many older adults. Caring for a loved one with both ADRD and diabetes is challenging and burdensome.

Objective: This study aims to explore diabetes-related topics in the Alzheimer's Association ALZConnected caregiver forum by family caregivers of persons living with ADRD. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020 Jun;45(11):2601-2610

Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004, China.

Gardeniae Fructus has the traditional effects of promoting intelligence and inducing resuscitation, but its mechanism is unclear. In this study, the relationship between Gardeniae Fructus's traditional effect of promoting intelligence and inducing resuscitation and anti-Alzheimer's disease effect was taken as the starting point to investigate the anti-Alzheimer's disease mechanism of the major absorbed components in Gardeniae Fructus by the network pharmacology method. The network pharmacology research model of "absorbed composition-target-pathway-disease" was adopted. Read More

Alzheimers Dement 2020 Jul 5. Epub 2020 Jul 5.

Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Reducing the risk of dementia can halt the worldwide increase of affected people. The multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of late-onset dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicates a potential impact of multidomain lifestyle interventions on risk reduction. The positive results of the landmark multidomain Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) support such an approach. Read More

J Mol Neurosci 2020 Jul 5. Epub 2020 Jul 5.

Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a prevalent neurological disorder with a neurodegenerative nature in elderly people. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation due to amyloid β (Aβ) peptides are strongly involved in AD pathogenesis. Klotho is an anti-aging protein with multiple protective effects that its deficiency is involved in development of age-related disorders. Read More

Hepatol Commun 2020 Jul 27;4(7):1087-1098. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Centre for Education and Research on Ageing Concord Repatriation General Hospital ANZAC Research Institute Australian Ageing and Alzheimers Institute Concord Sydney NSW Australia.

This is a meeting report of the 2019 Liver Sinusoid Meeting, 20th International Symposium on Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid, held in Sydney, Australia, in September 2019. The meeting, which was organized by the International Society for Hepatic Sinusoidal Research, provided an update on the recent advances in the field of hepatic sinusoid cells in relation to cell biology, aging, and liver disease, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular targets involved in hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic hepatic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis. In addition, the meeting highlighted the recent advances in regenerative medicine, targeted nanotechnologies, therapeutics, and novel methodologies. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2020 30;12(1):e12039. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Institute for Translational Research University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth Texas USA.

Introduction: Previously generated serum and plasma proteomic profiles were examined among adults with Down syndrome (DS) to determine whether these profiles could discriminate those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-DS) and Alzheimer's disease (DS-AD) from those cognitively stable (CS).

Methods: Data were analyzed on n = 305 (n = 225 CS; n = 44 MCI-DS; n = 36 DS-AD) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS).

Results: Distinguishing MCI-DS from CS, the serum profile produced an area under the curve (AUC) = 0. Read More

Free Radic Res 2020 Jul 6:1-39. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.

The translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) to the nucleus plays a pivotal role in the regulation of basic cellular processes, such as lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome, which is important in maintaining cellular homeostasis during environmental stress. Furthermore, oxidative stress is a critical cause for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.

Background: The neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) has been linked to cardiometabolic disease. Cardiovascular risk factors are being recognized as risk factors for cognitive impairment.

Objective: To examine the association of the stable precursor of NT, pro-neurotensin/neuromedin N (pro-NT/NMN), with incident cognitive impairment (ICI). Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.

Background: While sex hormones are essential for normal cognitive health, those individuals with greater endocrine dyscrasia around menopause and with andropause are more likely to develop cognitive loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: To assess whether circulating sex hormones may provide an etiologically significant, surrogate biomarker, for cognitive decline.

Methods: Plasma (n = 152) and serum (n = 107) samples from age- and gender-matched AD and control subjects from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) were analyzed for11 steroids and follicle-stimulating hormone. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Despite the apparent neurotoxicity of amyloid-β (Aβ), recent clinical trials of Aβ immunotherapy have not shown any clinical benefit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given this, clarification of the next generation therapeutic strategy in AD is warranted. Hypothetically, adiponectin might be involved in promoting amyloidogenic evolvability in reproduction, which may result in the adiponectin paradox through antagonistic pleiotropy mechanism in aging, leading to AD. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

We explored the association of type 2 diabetes related blood markers with brain amyloid accumulation on PiB-PET scans in 41 participants from the FINGER PET sub-study. We built logistic regression models for brain amyloid status with12 plasma markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, controlled for diabetes and APOEɛ4 carrier status. Lower levels of insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, and plasminogen activator (PAI-1) were associated with amyloid positive status, although the results were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Read More

Cortex 2020 May 19;129:446-463. Epub 2020 May 19.

Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK. Electronic address:

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an ever-growing field of computational science that aims to model natural human language. Combined with advances in machine learning, which learns patterns in data, it offers practical capabilities including automated language analysis. These approaches have garnered interest from clinical researchers seeking to understand the breakdown of language due to pathological changes in the brain, offering fast, replicable and objective methods. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2020 Jun 24;225:105553. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

United States Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, United States.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can induce abnormalities in organisms via alteration of molecular pathways and subsequent disruption of endocrine functions. Bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are ubiquitous EDCs in the environment. Many aquatic organisms, including fish, are often exposed to varying concentrations of BPA and EE2 throughout their lifespan. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2020 Jul 4:e27272. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects aging populations. Current MRI techniques are often limited in their sensitivity to underlying neuropathological changes.

Purpose: To characterize differences in voxel-based morphometry (VBM), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) metrics in aging populations. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2020 Jun 7;94:130-139. Epub 2020 Jun 7.

Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK. Electronic address:

There is increasing evidence that myelin disruption is related to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, which are generated throughout life by adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2-glia. To address whether alterations in myelination are related to age-dependent changes in OPCs, we analyzed NG2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabelling in the hippocampus of 3×Tg-AD mice at 6 and 24 months of age, compared with non-Tg age-matched controls. Read More

J Infect 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Chem Phys Lipids 2020 Jun 30:104931. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cair, Egypt. Electronic address:

Synaptosomal membrane peroxidation and alteration in its biophysical properties are associated with Aluminium (Al) toxicity that may lead to cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD) like pathogenesis. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of Lepedium sativum (LS) as a natural anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor in treating Al induced AD-like in rat model. We utilized ATR-IR spectroscopy to follow the restoration in the damaged membrane structure of isolated rat cortical synaptosomes and its biophysical properties, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping to follow NADPH oxidase activity (NOX), and EPR spin labelling in response to LS treatment after Al intoxication. Read More

Biogerontology 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical, Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer have much in common than previously recognized. These pathologies share common risk factors (inflammation and aging), with similar epidemiological and biochemical features such as impaired mitochondria. Metabolic reprogramming occurs during aging and inflammation. Read More

Neurol Sci 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea.

Backgound: Central obesity in midlife is a risk factor of cognitive decline and dementia, and also one of the factors that make cognitive functions deteriorate rapidly.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between truncal body composition (fat and muscle) and cognitive impairment in patients with dementia.

Methods: A total of 81 female over 60 years of age with probable Alzheimer's disease were recruited between November 2014 and September 2015. Read More

South Med J 2020 Jul;113(7):351-355

From the Departments of Health Services Management and Policy and Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, and Adventist Health System, Roseville, California.

Objectives: This study describes the changes in prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for Alzheimer disease (AD) in the northeast Tennessee region (NTR) during a 3-year period, describes the statistical assessment process, and critically assesses the database from which the statistical association was derived. The article also examines several beliefs pertinent to the clinical management of AD in the NTR from the perspective of professionals delivering services.

Methods: We extracted prevalence data for NTR counties for 2013, 2014, and 2015 from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Geographic Variation Public Use File. Read More

J Ginseng Res 2020 Jul 28;44(4):538-543. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Cardiovascular diseases are a rapidly growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to develop nutraceutical-based therapy with minimum side effects to reduce cardiovascular risk. occupies a prominent status in herbal medicine for its various therapeutic effects against inflammation, allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer, with positive, beneficial, and restorative effects. Read More

Mol Psychiatry 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Nordberg Translational Molecular Imaging Lab, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Cross-sectional studies have indicated potential for positron emission tomography (PET) in imaging tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its prognostic utility remains unproven. In a longitudinal, multi-modal, prognostic study of cognitive decline, 20 patients with a clinical biomarker-based diagnosis in the AD spectrum (mild cognitive impairment or dementia and a positive amyloid-beta PET scan) were recruited from the Cognitive Clinic at Karolinska University Hospital. The participants underwent baseline neuropsychological assessment, PET imaging with [F]THK5317, [C]PIB and [F]FDG, magnetic resonance imaging, and in a subgroup cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, with clinical follow-up after a median 48 months (interquartile range = 32:56). Read More

Hum Brain Mapp 2020 Jul 2:e25115. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Barnaby, British Columbia, Canada.

Biomarkers for dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) are sought to facilitate accurate prediction of the disease onset, ideally predating the onset of cognitive deterioration. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used neuroimaging modality for measuring brain structure in vivo, potentially providing information enabling the design of biomarkers for DAT. We propose a novel biomarker using structural MRI volume-based features to compute a similarity score for the individual's structural patterns relative to those observed in the DAT group. Read More

Alzheimers Dement 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.

Introduction: We developed a prognostic model for overall survival after diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) using data from a German surveillance study.

Methods: We included 1226 sCJD cases (median age 66 years, range 19-89 years; 56.8% women with information on age, sex, codon 129 genotype, 14-3-3 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and CSF tau concentrations. Read More

FASEB J 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Mutation of Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) impairs the response of microglia to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the mechanism governing TREM2-regulated microglia recruitment to Aβ plaques remains unresolved. Here, we confirm that TREM2 mutation attenuates microglial migration. Then, using Trem2 mice and an R47H variant mouse model for AD generated for this study, we show that TREM2 deficiency or the AD-associated R47H mutation results in inhibition of FAK and Rac1/Cdc42-GTPase signaling critical for cell migration. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2020 28;12(1):e12047. Epub 2020 Jun 28.

Barcelona Down Medical Center Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down Barcelona Spain.

Introduction: We aimed to define prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD dementia using normative neuropsychological data in a large population-based cohort of adults with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. DS participants were classified into asymptomatic, prodromal AD and AD dementia, based on neurologist's judgment blinded to neuropsychological data (Cambridge Cognitive Examination for Older Adults with Down's syndrome [CAMCOG-DS] and modified Cued Recall Test [mCRT]). Read More

Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020 Jul 8;19(7):447-462. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA.

A large number of mouse models have been engineered, characterized and used to advance biomedical research in Alzheimer disease (AD). Early models simply damaged the rodent brain through toxins or lesions. Later, the spread of genetic engineering technology enabled investigators to develop models of familial AD by overexpressing human genes such as those encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilins (PSEN1 or PSEN2) carrying mutations linked to early-onset AD. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Jul 1;10(1):10781. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) binds to and regulates the translation of amyloid-β protein precursor (App) mRNA, but the detailed mechanism remains to be determined. Differential methylation of App mRNA could underlie FMRP binding, message localization and translation efficiency. We sought to determine the role of FMRP and N-methyladeonsine (mA) on nuclear export of App mRNA. Read More

Neurology 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA

Objective: To determine changes in the incidence of dementia between 1988 and 2015.

Methods: This analysis was performed in aggregated data from individuals >65 years in seven population-based cohort studies in the United States and Europe from the Alzheimer Cohort Consortium. First, we calculated age- and sex-specific incidence rates for all-cause dementia, and then defined non-overlapping 5-year epochs within each study to determine trends in incidence. Read More

Neurology 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;

Objective: To determine whether performance on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FSCRT) is associated with PET markers of brain pathology, and whether it can distinguish those who will develop dementia later in life due to autosomal-dominant AD from age-matched controls.

Methods: Twenty-four cognitively-unimpaired Presenilin-1 E280A carriers (mean age: 36 years) and twenty-eight non-carriers (mean age: 37) underwent PiB-PET (amyloid), Flortaucipir-PET (tau), and cognitive testing, including the FCSRT (immediate and delayed free and cued recall scores). Linear regressions were used to examine the relationships among FCSRT scores, age, mean cortical amyloid and regional tau burden. Read More

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020 Jul 1:1-10. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine if quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) using the statistical pattern recognition (SPR) method could predict conversion to dementia in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: From 5 Nordic memory clinics, we included 47 SCD patients, 99 MCI patients, and 67 healthy controls. EEGs analyzed with the SPR method together with clinical data recorded at baseline were evaluated. Read More

AIMS Neurosci 2020 22;7(2):168-193. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

University of Liège, Cognitive Sciences, Building 32, Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.

Experimental work regarding corrective actions on chromosomes and genes, and control of gene products is yielding promising results. It opens the way to advances in dealing with the etiological aspects of Down syndrome and may lead to important changes in the life of individuals affected with this condition. A small number of molecules are being investigated in pharmacological research that may have positive effects on intellectual functioning. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020 26;6(1):e12047. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis California USA.

Introduction: Leisure time activity is associated with better cognitive function but has not been well studied in racially/ethnically diverse cohorts, who may have different access to activities.

Methods: Frequency of participation in 10 leisure time activities (eg, reading, attending cultural events) and cognition (executive function, semantic memory, and verbal episodic memory) were assessed at Wave 1 in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study, a prospective cohort initiated in 2017. Linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographics and depression estimated cross-sectional associations between leisure time activity variety and frequency and cognitive domains overall and by race/ethnicity. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020 26;6(1):e12043. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Melbourne Dementia Research Centre Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia.

Introduction: Web-based platforms are used increasingly to assess cognitive function in unsupervised settings. The utility of cognitive data arising from unsupervised assessments remains unclear. We examined the acceptability, usability, and validity of unsupervised cognitive testing in middle-aged adults enrolled in the Healthy Brain Project. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020 26;6(1):e12040. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Neurosurgery Research Laboratory Department of Neurosurgery Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA.

Introduction: Mutations in brain tissues that cumulate with age may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal glycoprotein and Tn antigen expression have been demonstrated in AD. We identified / mutations in AD and age-matched normals without AD. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020 9;6(1):e12018. Epub 2020 May 9.

Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging NIH Baltimore Maryland.

Introduction: Biomarker discovery of dementia and cognitive impairment is important to gather insight into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these conditions.

Methods: In 997 adults from the InCHIANTI study, we assessed the association of 1301 plasma proteins with dementia and cognitive impairment. Validation was conducted in two Alzheimer's disease (AD) case-control studies as well as endophenotypes of AD including cognitive decline, brain amyloid burden, and brain volume. Read More

Alzheimers Res Ther 2020 Jun 30;12(1):78. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0948, USA.

Background: Growing awareness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has prompted a demand for quick and effective ways to screen for memory loss and cognitive decline in large numbers of individuals in the community. Periodic Memory Screening Day events provide free, brief cognitive screening aimed at those 65 years and older, and can serve as an opportunity to gauge participants' attitudes towards AD research and recruit them into ongoing research projects.

Methods: Over 6 single-day events in 2 years, more than 574 individuals were individually screened using the MoCA and a story recall task (immediate and delayed), given feedback about their performance, and introduced to AD research and opportunities to participate. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2020 Jun 27;162:1100-1108. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Electronic address:

Known as a main neural MAP (microtubule associated protein), tau protein contributes to stabilizing microtubules involved in cellular transmission. Tau dysfunction is mainly associated with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these patients, all the six tau isoforms, which are in hyperphosphorylated form, are first aggregated and then polymerized into neurofibrillary tangles inside the brain. Read More

Radiology 2020 Jun 30:192541. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.).

Background Deep gray matter structures in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) contain higher brain iron concentrations. However, few studies have included neocortical areas, which are challenging to assess with MRI. Purpose To investigate baseline and change in brain iron levels using MRI at 3 T with R2* relaxation rate mapping in individuals with AD compared with healthy control (HC) participants. Read More

Dement Neurocogn Disord 2020 Jun;19(2):39-53

Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.

Because of repeated failures of clinical trials, the concept of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been changing rapidly in recent years. As suggested by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework, the diagnosis and classification of AD is now based on biomarkers rather than on symptoms, allowing more accurate identification of proper candidates for clinical trials by pathogenesis and disease stage. Recent development in neuroimaging has provided a way to reveal the complex dynamics of amyloid and tau in the brain , and studies of blood biomarkers are taking another leap forward in diagnosis and treatment of AD. Read More

Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized with increased formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ peptide toxicity is associated with disturbances of several intracellular signaling pathways such as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MAPKs and their interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity using isolated hippocampal neurons from the rat. Read More

Nat Rev Neurosci 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Globally, 50 million people live with dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being responsible for two-thirds of the total cases. As ageing is the main risk factor for dementia-related neurodegeneration, changes in the timing or nature of the cellular hallmarks of normal ageing might be key to understanding the events that convert normal ageing into neurodegeneration. Cellular senescence is a candidate mechanism that might be important for this conversion. Read More

Ter Arkh 2019 Oct 15;91(10):112-118. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Research Center of Neurology.

The review discusses literature data and the results of our own studies on the effect of diabetes on cognitive functions and cerebrovascular pathology, as well as possible ptogenetic mechanisms for the implementation of this effect. The results of studies on the effects of antidiabetic drugs on cognitive function are presented. Read More

Adv Nutr 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a global health concern with the majority of pharmacotherapy choices consisting of symptomatic treatment. Recently, ketogenic therapies have been tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), focusing on delaying disease progression and ameliorating cognitive function. The present systematic review aimed to aggregate the results of trials examining the effects of ketogenic therapy on patients with AD/mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Neurological Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Background: Areas within the Appalachian region may have a greater burden of under diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD).

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ADRD in the Appalachian counties of Ohio, and to determine if differences exist by geographic location (Appalachian/non-Appalachian and rural/urban) and across time among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Public Use Files from 2007-2017 were used to estimate county-level ADRD prevalence among all fee-for-service beneficiaries in Ohio. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.

While prevailing evidence supports that the amyloid cascade hypothesis is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, many recent studies indicate that the vascular system is also a major contributor to disease progression. Vascular dysfunction and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) occur prior to the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Although research has predominantly focused on the cellular processes involved with Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration, effects of Aβ on CBF and neurovascular coupling are becoming more evident. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.

Background: A disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still an unmet clinical need. The formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) requires the initial cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by BACE1 (beta-site AβPP cleaving enzyme 1), which is a prime therapeutic target for AD.

Objective: We aimed to design and develop a selective BACE1 inhibitor suitable to AD treatment. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Neurosciences, Division of Adult Neurology, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.

Background: Scientific output in Southeast Asia (SEA) on the topic of dementia is postulated to be low in quality and quantity. It is also speculated that certain socioeconomic variables and measures of disease burden for dementia may play a significant role in driving the research output of a particular country.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the research impact of published journal articles on dementia in SEA and its association with country-level socioeconomic factors and measures of disease burden for dementia. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Background: Gait analysis with accelerometers is a relatively inexpensive and easy to use method to potentially support clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. It is not clear, however, which gait features are most informative and how these measures relate to Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Objective: In this study, we tested if calculated features of gait 1) differ between cognitively normal subjects (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and dementia patients, 2) are correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease, and 3) predict cognitive decline. Read More