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Hum Brain Mapp 2022 Jul 1. Epub 2022 Jul 1.

Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.

Orienting in space requires the processing of visual spatial cues. The dominant hypothesis about the brain structures mediating the coding of spatial cues stipulates the existence of a hippocampal-dependent system for the representation of geometry and a striatal-dependent system for the representation of landmarks. However, this dual-system hypothesis is based on paradigms that presented spatial cues conveying either conflicting or ambiguous spatial information and that used the term landmark to refer to both discrete three-dimensional objects and wall features. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2022 ;2515:255-279

Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders are common causes of dementia-associated morbidity and mortality in populations throughout the world. Standardized, protocol-based methods for the examination and diagnosis of these disorders allow direct comparison between human cohorts and play a key role in understanding how these disorders impact our population. Further understanding of these protocols and harmonization with animal and in vitro investigative techniques is imperative to demonstrate relevance to human disease. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022 23;14(1):e12313. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA.

Introduction: Little is known about how family caregivers who witness unexpected and spontaneous communication among people in late stages of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) appraise these episodes of lucidity (EL).

Methods: In an electronic, cross-sectional survey for former and current caregivers who participate in UsAgainstAlzheimer's A-LIST, participants who reported witnessing an EL were asked how positive and stressful ELs were, if they made or changed decisions based on an EL, and what resources they sought out to explain ELs.

Results: Caregivers reported 72% of ELs to be quite a bit or very positive, 17% to be stressful, and 10% to be both stressful and positive. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2022 14;16:760360. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and regional brain lobe atrophy coexist in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the association between them in patients with AD still lacks comprehensive investigation and solid imaging data support.

Objective: We explored whether WMHs can promote the pathological process of AD by aggravating atrophy in specific brain regions and tried to explain the regional specificity of these relationships.

Methods: A sample of 240 adults including 180 normal controls (NCs) and 80 cases with AD were drawn from the ADNI database. Read More

Aust Occup Ther J 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.

Introduction: Access to outdoor space is widely recommended for people with dementia. However, there is limited information on the occupations of people with dementia within these spaces. We sought to review the research literature to identify the occupations of people with dementia in outdoor spaces in residential aged care and/or hospitals and report on features that support occupational participation as well as the benefits of occupational participation in these spaces. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 30;12(1):11065. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, affecting cognitive, intellectual, and motor functions. Different hypotheses explain AD's mechanism, such as the amyloidogenic hypothesis. Moreover, this disease is multifactorial, and several studies have shown that gut dysbiosis and oxidative stress influence its pathogenesis. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Objective: is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, LDL-C is associated with the development of clinically ascertained AD; however, whether this association is present with the underlying neuropathological manifestations of AD or whether it is independent of the effect of is unknown and is the focus of this paper.

Methods: Individuals in the Religious Orders Study/Memory and Ageing Project cohorts with longitudinal measures of blood lipids and detailed autopsies were studied. Read More

Anal Biochem 2022 Jun 27:114796. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, California, 90840-9507, Long Beach, USA. Electronic address:

The use of cosolvents to solubilize compounds under investigation while having minimal effects on enzyme activity is an important component in many biochemical studies. Predicting the effects of cosolvents on enzyme activity can be complicated, as enzymes with similar overall structures might exhibit different behaviors in different cosolvents. In this study, the effects of several commonly used cosolvents: Methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on two cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), were evaluated. Read More

PLoS One 2022 30;17(6):e0270682. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Background: There is anecdotal evidence for beneficial effects of music therapy in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, there is a lack of rigorous research investigating this issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of music therapy and physical activity on brain plasticity, mood, and cognition in a population with AD and at risk for AD. Read More

Rev Neurosci 2022 Jul 1. Epub 2022 Jul 1.

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto v. Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a serine protease that cleaves X-proline or X-alanine in the penultimate position. Natural substrates of the enzyme are glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon inhibiting peptide, glucagon, neuropeptide Y, secretin, substance P, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, endorphins, endomorphins, brain natriuretic peptide, beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone and amyloid peptides as well as some cytokines and chemokines. The enzyme is involved in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis and regulation of the immune system. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2217698. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Importance: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been hypothesized to lead to impaired cognitive function. However, no large-scale studies have assessed whether PTSD is prospectively associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults.

Objective: To assess the association between PTSD and decline in cognitive function over time. Read More

Neurosci Bull 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have become a significant threat to an aging human society. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past decades to clarify their pathologic mechanisms and search for reliable biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for investigating structural and functional brain alterations in NDs. Read More

Small 2022 Jun 30:e2203182. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a progressive and irreversible brain disorder, remains the most universal neurodegenerative disease. No effective therapeutic methods are established yet due to the hindrance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the complex pathological condition of AD.  Therefore, a multifunctional nanocarrier ([email protected]/siRNA) for AD treatment is constructed to achieve small interfering RNA of β-site precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1 siRNA) and rapamycin co-delivery into the brain, based on Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and β-amyploid (Aβ)-binding peptides (KLVFF) modified PEGylated dendrigraft poly-l-lysines (DGLs) via intranasal administration. Read More

Stroke 2022 Jun 30:101161STROKEAHA121038364. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia (J.F.K., B.C.V.C., N.Y.).

Background: Recent reports raise the possibility of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) leading to intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults following childhood neurosurgery, suggesting transmission of amyloid-β (Aβ) through neurosurgical procedures including dura mater grafting. Parenchymal Aβ deposition, and to a lesser extent tau aggregation, similar to that seen in Alzheimer disease, have also been described.

Methods: We conducted a database review of 634 consecutive intracerebral hemorrhage patients aged <65 years at a tertiary stroke center over 20 years to identify such patients. Read More

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2022 Jun 29. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease are two common diseases that majorly affect the elderly population. Patients in both cases are increasing day by day. They are considered two independent diseases, but recent evidence suggests that they have a lot in common. Read More

Health Soc Care Community 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), RG Psychosocial Epidemiology & Public Health, Greifswald, Germany.

The majority of people with dementia (PwD) live in the community. Compared to institutionalised PwD, their access to formalised music therapy is limited. Initial works suggest that non-therapist-led music-based interventions (MBIs) may be an accessible and effective alternative. Read More

Data Brief 2022 Aug 10;43:108379. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh.

This data set contains complex frequency domain signals obtained from unidirectional antennas mainly fabricated for radar-based head imaging. Data were obtained as part of a project investigating radar-based microwave imaging for monitoring neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. The wearable device, measurement setup, and phantoms used are described. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022 21;14(1):e12317. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA.

Introduction: We investigated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in , an innate immunity gene and modulator of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD), for association with cognition and AD biomarkers.

Methods: We used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI;  = 1565) and AddNeuroMed ( = 633) as discovery and replication samples, respectively. We performed gene-based association analysis of SNPs in with cognitive performance and SNP-based association analysis with cognitive decline and amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration biomarkers for AD. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022 21;14(1):e12327. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Wharton Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.

Objective: Propose a theoretical framework for retinal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Background: The retina and brain share important biological features that are relevant to AD. Developing retinal biomarkers of AD is a strategic priority but as yet none have been validated for clinical use. Read More

Aust Occup Ther J 2022 Jun 29. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Disability and Habilitation, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Introduction: Persons with dementia experience time-related problems, but there is a lack of instruments evaluating their time processing ability and daily time management. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments KaTid®-Senior measuring time processing ability, and Time-S© Senior and Time-Proxy© measuring daily time management for persons with dementia.

Methods: Persons with dementia (n = 53) and their significant others (n = 49) participated in the study. Read More

Part Fibre Toxicol 2022 Jun 30;19(1):44. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Room 720, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.

Background: Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM), can cause brain damage, cognitive decline, and an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, especially alzheimer's disease (AD). Typical pathological findings of amyloid and tau protein accumulation have been detected in the brain after exposure in animal studies. However, these observations were based on high levels of PM exposure, which were far from the WHO guidelines and those present in our environment. Read More

Alzheimers Res Ther 2022 Jun 29;14(1):89. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: To promote the development of effective therapies, there is an important need to characterize the full spectrum of neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. In line with this need, this study examined white matter abnormalities in individuals with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease, in relation to age and symptom severity.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in members of a large kindred with a PSEN1 E280A mutation. Read More

Alzheimers Res Ther 2022 Jun 29;14(1):88. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele confers the strongest risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) besides age itself, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are debated. One hypothesis supported by evidence from multiple labs is that apoE4 binds to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and catalyzes its polymerization into neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils. Inhibiting this early step in the amyloid cascade may thereby reduce or prevent neurodegeneration and AD. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 29;12(1):10994. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

The risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a strong genetic component, also in the case of late-onset AD (LOAD). Attempts to sequence whole genome in large populations of subjects have identified only a few mutations common to most of the patients with AD. Targeting smaller well-characterized groups of subjects where specific genetic variations in selected genes could be related to precisely defined psychological traits typical of dementia is needed to better understand the heritability of AD. Read More

Alzheimers Dement 2022 Jun 29. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies report an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the association between TBI/PTSD and biomarker-defined AD.

Methods: We identified 289 non-demented veterans with TBI and/or PTSD and controls who underwent clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography, and apolipoprotein E testing. Read More

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022 ;68(3):228-235

College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College.

Previous studies have revealed that Berberine (BBR) had therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism of BBR in the treatment of AD is unclear. The study was to investigate whether berberine ameliorates cognitive disorder in AD by regulating on GSK3β/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Read More

Chem Biodivers 2022 Jun 29. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

University of Mianwali, Department of Chemistry/VC Office, VC Office, Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Pakistan, Mianwali, PAKISTAN.

A sequence of 1,3,4-oxadiazole 2-thiol derivatives bearing various alkyl or aryl moieties was designed, synthesized, and characterized by modern spectroscopic methods to yield 17 compounds ( 6a - 6q ) which were screened for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes in search of 'lead' compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). The compounds 6q, 6p, 6k, 6o, and 6l showed inhibitory capability against AChE and BChE, with IC 50 values ranging from 11.730. Read More

Genet Epidemiol 2022 Jun 29. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies (TWASs) have become increasingly popular in identifying genes (or other endophenotypes or exposures) associated with complex traits. In TWAS, one first builds a predictive model for gene expressions using an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data set in stage 1, then tests the association between the predicted gene expression and a trait based on a large, independent genome-wide association study (GWAS) data set in stage 2. However, since the sample size of the eQTL data set is usually small and the coefficient of multiple determination (i. Read More

Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022 Jun 28;10(1):94. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.

Tau is a predominantly neuronal, soluble and natively unfolded protein that can bind and stabilize microtubules in the central nervous system. Tau has been extensively studied over several decades, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases where it can aberrantly aggregate to form a spectrum of pathological inclusions. The presence of tau inclusions in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads and dystrophic neurites within senile plaques are essential and defining features of Alzheimer's disease. Read More

Mol Neurodegener 2022 Jun 28;17(1):47. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University-School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Background: Despite its identification as a key checkpoint regulator of microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease, the overarching role of CX3CR1 signaling in modulating mechanisms of Aβ driven neurodegeneration, including accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is not well understood.

Methodology: Accumulation of soluble and insoluble Aβ species, microglial activation, synaptic dysregulation, and neurodegeneration is investigated in 4- and 6-month old 5xFAD;Cx3cr1 and 5xFAD;Cx3cr1 mice using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, transcriptomic and quantitative real time PCR analyses of purified microglia. Flow cytometry based, in-vivo Aβ uptake assays are used for characterization of the effects of CX3CR1-signaling on microglial phagocytosis and lysosomal acidification as indicators of clearance of methoxy-X-04 fibrillar Aβ. Read More