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EJHaem 2021 Nov 16;2(4):750-756. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Center Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Serologic RhD-negative red cells can cause anti-D alloimmunization if they carry the Asian-type DEL or other DEL variants. genotyping is a viable countermeasure if available, but inexpensive alternatives are worthy of consideration. RhD-negative blood donors in Japan were studied by anti-D adsorption-elution and genotyping. Read More

Transfusion 2022 Jun 26. Epub 2022 Jun 26.

Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: There is an increasing literature demonstrating the benefits of prehospital and early in-hospital transfusions. RhD-positive products might only be available during these phases, which could pose consequences for future pregnancies if D-alloimmunization occurs. This survey measured the willingness of females to accept urgent but incompatible transfusions in light of the potential for future pregnancy complications. Read More

Transfusion 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Evidence indicates the life-saving benefits of early blood product transfusion in severe trauma resuscitation. Many of these products will be RhD-positive, so understanding the D-alloimmunization rate is important.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study whereby injured RhD-negative patients between 18-50 years of age who received at least one unit of RhD-positive red blood cells (RBC) or low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) during their resuscitation between 1 January, 2010 through 31 December, 2019 were identified. Read More

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2022 Jul 20;38(3):577-584. Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Department of Transfusion Medicine, Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology, Jaypee Hospital, Sector-128, Noida, 201304 India.

Transfusion of RhD positive red cells to RhD negative individuals is not routine transfusion practice for the fear of alloimmunization. Aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate rate of alloimmunization after transfusion of RhD positive red cells in RhD negative individuals and to assess delay in transfusion due to decision making. This was a prospective, observational study conducted from 2014 to 2018. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Jun 1;11(6). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

National Blood Centre, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy.

In this systematic review, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of blood components treated with pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs). We searched the Medline, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Cochrane Library to identify RCTs evaluating PRTs. Risk of bias assessment and the Mantel-Haenszel method for data synthesis were used. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2022 Jun 17;13(6). Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia.

The Dombrock (DO) blood group system has two primary antigens, Do and Do, which can cause delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. The paucity of specific monospecific antibodies can hamper the typing based on these antigens. Thus, blood group genotyping (BGG) was investigated as a possible solution. Read More

Br J Haematol 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder characterized by sickled red blood cells (RBCs), which are more sensitive to haemolysis and can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Although treatment of SCD can include RBC transfusion, patients with SCD have high rates of alloimmunization. We hypothesized that RBCs from patients with SCD have functionally active mitochondria and can elicit a type 1 interferon response. Read More

Transfus Med 2022 Jun 6. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Transfusion Technology Assessment Group, Donor Medicine Research Department, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background And Objectives: Current genotyping techniques allow typing of all relevant red cell, human leukocyte and platelet antigens in a single analysis. Even genetic markers related to donor health can be added. Implementation of this technology will affect various stakeholders within the transfusion chain. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 May 19;11(10). Epub 2022 May 19.

Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), as well as fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), represent two important disease entities that are caused by maternal IgG antibodies directed against nonmaternally inherited antigens on the fetal blood cells. These antibodies are most frequently directed against the RhD antigen on red blood cells (RBCs) or the human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a) on platelets. For optimal management of pregnancies where HDFN or FNAIT is suspected, it is essential to determine the RhD or the HPA-1a type of the fetus. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2022 May;67(5):292-295

Federal State Budget Institution of Science «Kirov Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency».

A genetically determined predisposition to the development of HLA-alloimmunization as a result of blood transfusions is associated with the presence of HLA-alleles DRB1*04, DQA1*03:01, DQA1*05:01 and HLA-haplotype DRB1*04-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 in the genotypes of recipients. The risk of antibody production is reduced in patients with HLA-alleles DRB1*16, DQA1*01:02, DQB1*05:02 and HLA-haplotype DRB1*16-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*05:02. Read More

Vox Sang 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background And Objectives: There is a varied prevalence of red cell alloimmunization being reported from different parts of India. This study aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of alloimmunization in India by performing a systematic review of the literature and to establish the most suitable antigen-matching strategy to reduce the red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization rate among transfusion recipients.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of all the original articles published in English on RBC alloimmunization among transfusion recipients from India in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Google Scholar bibliographic databases was conducted. Read More

J Hematol 2022 Apr 12;11(2):66-70. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Hematology, Erasme Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a complication appearing a few days to weeks due to alloimmunization following packed red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion, a pregnancy, or transplantation. Hyperhemolysis syndrome (HS) is a severe form of DHTR defined by a drop of hemoglobin to a level lower than before the transfusion, reflecting a destruction of the patient's own RBCs not presenting the targeted antigen as well as the transfused RBCs. Usually seen in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, HS remains very rare in patients without a hematologic disorder. Read More

Ceylon Med J 2021 06;66(2):96-99

National Blood Transfusion Service, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.

Background And Objectives: Major beta thalassaemia is an inherited haemolytic disease that needs regular blood transfusion as a standard treatment. Blood transfusion is generally safe; however, adverse effects can occur and one of which is red cell alloimmunization that can lead to acute or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of red cell alloantibodies in patients with thalassaemia in Sri Lanka. Read More

Transfus Apher Sci 2022 Apr 26:103447. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Serviço de Hemoterapia da UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Pró-Sangue São Paulo Hemocenter, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Patients' inflammatory history is an important factor underlying red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization, which is a frequent transfusion complication among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). HLA-G has been associated with different inflammatory and auto - immune diseases. Our goal was to verify whether the HLA-G + 3142 C>G and 14-bp Ins/Del variations are associated with RBC antibody development among SCD patients. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021 May 2. Epub 2021 May 2.

The Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Hospital, and the Departments of Pathology & Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC (Delaney).

Context.—: Modern RHD genotyping can be used to determine when patients with serologic weak D phenotypes have RHD gene variants at risk for anti-D alloimmunization. However, serologic testing, RhD interpretations, and laboratory management of these patients are quite variable. Read More

Transfus Clin Biol 2022 Apr 26. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 #63C-69 Quinta Mutis, Bogotá, Colombia. Electronic address:

We present the case of a 55-year-old Colombian male who showed a discrepancy in the serological typing of the RhD antigen in his first platelet donation. The discrepancy persisted after a serological investigation with multiple Anti-D monoclonal reagents (IgG and IgM) under different conditions (22°C and 37°C, saline, and LISS/Coombs). Furthermore, partial RhD typing was performed, obtaining negative results with a commercially available panel of six Anti-D reagents. Read More

Transfusion 2022 05 26;62(5):948-953. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Background: Alloimmunization can be a significant barrier to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. While alloantigen matching protocols hold promise in reducing alloantibody formation, transfusion-dependent patients can still experience RBC alloimmunization and associated complications even when matching protocols are employed. As a result, complementary strategies capable of actively preventing alloantibody formation following alloantigen exposure are warranted. Read More

Int J Gen Med 2022 15;15:4093-4100. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are common inherited blood disorders in Saudi Arabia, especially in Jazan Province. Patients with these disorders require multiple blood transfusions, which may lead to alloimmunization because of mismatched blood group antigens. In this study, we examined the alloimmunization and autoimmunization rates in patients with SCD and thalassemia together with the involved antibodies. Read More

J Clin Immunol 2022 Apr 21. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Granulocyte transfusions are sometimes used as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). However, granulocyte transfusions can be associated with a high rate of alloimmunization, and their role in CGD patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy (GT) is unknown. We identified 27 patients with CGD who received granulocyte transfusions pre- (within 6 months) and/or post-HCT or GT in a retrospective survey. Read More

Clin Lab 2022 04;68(4)

Br J Haematol 2022 Jul 12;198(1):183-195. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Institute of Health, Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can be associated with significant morbidity. Prompt treatment with intensive phototherapy (PT) and exchange transfusions (ETs) can dramatically improve outcomes. ET is invasive and associated with risks. Read More

Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022 Apr 9. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Platelets (PLTs) are small anucleate blood cells that release from polyploidy megakaryocytes(MKs). PLT transfusion is standard therapy to prevent hemorrhage. PLT transfusion is donor-dependent way which have limitations including the inadequate donor blood supply, poor quality, and issues related to infection and immunity. Read More

Vox Sang 2022 Apr 8. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Background And Objectives: D-negative patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) might require a large number of red blood cell (RBC) units, which can impact the inventory of D-negative blood. The blood bank might need to supply these patients with D-positive RBCs because of inventory constraints. This study evaluates the prevalence of anti-D formation in D-negative OLT patients who received D-positive RBCs perioperatively, as this will assist in successful patient blood management. Read More

Transfusion 2022 04;62(4):916-918

Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022 Mar 30. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.

Management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn relies on monitoring of maternal antibody titers, fetal ultrasound, and fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity studies and is generally treated by intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Few studies have explored fetal and neonate physiological responses to IUT. Our objective was to examine fetal erythropoietic response and to examine neonatal erythropoietic effects after treatment. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 16;9:832154. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Ospedale di Bolzano, Bolzan, Italy.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a worldwide distributed hereditary red cell disorder characterized by recurrent acute vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs and anemia). Gold standard treatments are hydroxycarbamide (HC) and/or different red blood cell (RBC) transfusion regimens to limit disease progression. Here, we report a retrospective study on 1,579 SCD patients (median age 23 years; 802 males/777 females), referring to 34 comprehensive Italian centers for hemoglobinopathies. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 24;14(2):e22561. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA.

Perioperative red blood cell transfusions are common. Antigen screening, performed via indirect Coombs test, is required prior to red blood cell transfusion. False-negative test results can lead to acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Read More

Transfus Med 2022 Mar 22. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Introduction: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are important in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, a potentially catastrophic complication of transfusion in this population is the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR). The pathophysiology of all DHTRs is not understood, but some are known to be caused by an anamnestic resurgence of RBC alloantibodies. Read More

Transfusion 2022 05 23;62(5):1084-1088. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Medical Department, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.

Introduction: Exposure to normal or variably expressed RhD antigens in an antigen-negative individual can elicit an immune response and lead to the formation of clinically significant anti-D alloantibodies. We present the case of anti-D alloimmunization by DEL variant missed in routine blood donor screening.

Material And Methods: Blood donors were typed for D antigen using the direct serologic micromethod. Read More

Transfus Apher Sci 2022 Mar 12:103422. Epub 2022 Mar 12.

Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Electronic address:

Blood grouping discrepancy in patients with hematological disorders can occur due to red cell sensitization following transfusion, transplantation, and pregnancy or pre-analytical errors. Prompt initiation of root cause analysis is vital to avoid complications of wrong blood transfusion. We present an unusual case of Rh mismatched grouping report of 24 year old female thalassemia patient being managed in our hospital since 2015. Read More