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Clin Immunol 2022 05 2;238:109027. Epub 2022 May 2.

Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America. Electronic address:

COVID-19 infection activates the immune system to cause autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. We provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2, NOD2 and ubiquitination. COVID-19 infection partly results from host inborn errors and genetic factors and can lead to autoinflammatory disease. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 05 11;238:109008. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address:

In food allergies, antigen-induced aggregation of FcεRI on mast cells initiates highly ordered and sequential signaling events. Dok-1(downstream of tyrosine kinase 1), undergoes intense tyrosine phosphorylation upon FcεRI stimulation, which negatively regulates Ras/Erk signaling and the subsequent cytokine release, but it remains unclear whether Dok-1 regulates Fc-mediated degranulation. In this study, we investigated the role of Dok-1 in FcεRI-mediated degranulation. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 04 29;237:108991. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address:

Many studies have been performed in severe COVID-19 on immune cells in the circulation and on cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Most studies have tended to provide relative information rather than a quantitative view, and it is a combination of approaches by various groups that is helping the field build a picture of the mechanisms that drive severe lung disease. Approaches employed to date have not revealed information on lung parenchymal T cell subsets in severe COVID-19. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 04 26;237:108988. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Diseases, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

Hyper IgE syndromes (HIESs) are a group of rare inborn errors of immunity with a triad of eczema, increase susceptibility to sinopulmonary and skin infections with high level of IgE serum. Although most of HIESs are sporadic, hereditary types of these disorders have been studied well. There are several distinct immunodeficiency disorders which are phenotypically similar to HIES, and thus make the diagnosis of HIES challenging. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 04 25;237:108986. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) in patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) was conducted.

Methods: A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 04 18;237:108983. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.

Background: Platelets are involved in the pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to elucidate the levels of platelet-related miRNAs, (miR-24 and miR-191) in the plasma of AD patients and their relationships with the disease severity and laboratory data.

Methods: miRNAs were detected in the subjects plasma using specifically primed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 04 8;237:108966. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, PR China.

This study aims to explore the clinical implications of miR-223 in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and the related factors affecting disease recurrence. 47 AC patients and 58 healthy controls were enrolled to measure miR-223 expression level, serum level of inflammatory mediators, and the correlation between miR-223 and inflammatory mediators. Subsequently, AC patients were followed up for six months to record disease recurrence and explore the risk factors affecting disease recurrence. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 03 24;236:108960. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the safety of long-term use of ICS in patients with asthma.

Methods: A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 03 1;236:108938. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Dept of Immunology, Canberra Hospital and Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.

Many patients with immunodeficiencies require lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). In a multicenter, randomized, open-label, crossover, non-inferiority 3-month-trial, we compared the impact of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin Gammanorm® administered via pump or syringe (rapid push). Primary endpoint was the life quality index (LQI), secondary endpoints were QoL (SF36v2), satisfaction (TSQM-11), disease and treatment burden (PRISM), incidence of infections and adverse events (AE), treatment costs, and IgG levels. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 03 19;236:108931. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Hesse, Germany.

Accurate and timely diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is an ongoing effort. Individuals with PID can be severely impacted by their disease and many experience chronic complications, treatment burden, and reduced quality of life (QoL). This review focuses on the impact of delayed diagnosis and treatment burden on patient QoL and outcomes. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 01 23;234:108914. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China. Electronic address:

Increasing fine particulate matter (PM) and epigenetic modifications are closely associated with the pathogenesis of asthma, but the definite mechanism remains unclear. The traffic-related PM exposure aggravated pulmonary inflammation and changed the methylation level of interferon gamma (Ifng) and interleukin (Il)4 genes, and then altered levels of affiliated cytokines of IFN-γ and IL-4 in rats with allergic airway inflammation. It also increased the level of miR146a and decreased the level of miR31. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 01 27;234:108896. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga (UMA), The Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. Electronic address:

Little is known about the causes and mechanisms of ectopic immune responses, including different types of hypersensitivity, superantigens, and cytokine storms. Two of the most questionable phenomena observed in immunology are why the intensity and extent of immune responses to different antigens are different, and why some self-antigens are attacked as foreign. The secondary structure of the peptides involved in the immune system, such as the epitope-paratope interfaces plays a pivotal role in the resulting immune responses. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 01 27;234:108894. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy; Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy.

Cupressaceae pollen causes allergic reactions worldwide with long-lasting symptomatic periods. Currently, no cypress polcalcin is available for diagnostic purposes. With the aim to investigate the pattern of sensitization to a cypress polcalcin, a synthetic gene of Jun o 4, the Juniperus oxycedrus 4EF-hand polcalcin, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 11 22;232:108857. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address:

Aging can alter immunity affecting host defense. COVID-19 has the most devastating clinical outcomes in older adults, raising the implication of immune aging in determining its severity and mortality. We investigated biological predictors for clinical outcomes in a dataset of 13,642 ambulatory and hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients, including younger (age < 65, n = 566) and older (age ≥ 65, n = 717) subjects, with in-depth analyses of inflammatory molecules, cytokines and comorbidities. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 10 31;231:108845. Epub 2021 Aug 31.

Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.

Little is known about the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to the care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the long-term. By crossing population data with the results of a web-based survey focused on the timeframes January-April and May-December 2020, we found that among 334/518 responders, 28 had COVID-19 in 2020. Seventeen cases occurred in May-December, in parallel with trends in the general population and loosening of containment policy strength. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 26;230:108827. Epub 2021 Aug 26.

Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy.

BAL cellularity and lymphocyte immunophenotyping offer insights into lung inflammatory status. Natural killer (NK) cells are efficient effector cells, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. A better understanding of the biology of NK cells in BAL in the lungs is necessary to improve the pathogenesis of fibrotic ILD and develop prospective targeted treatments. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 19;230:108826. Epub 2021 Aug 19.

Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are the major treatment in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) disorders; However, IVIg infusions show some adverse effects. We aimed to assess the adverse reactions of IVIg infusions.

Methods: Data of IVIg infusions in IEI patients were collected from 2011 to 2021. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 14;230:108825. Epub 2021 Aug 14.

Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

We have recently introduced multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry as a novel tool for glycan biomarker research and discovery. Herein, we employ this technique to characterize the site-specific glycan alterations associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Glycopeptides associated with disease severity were also identified. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 10 13;231:108822. Epub 2021 Aug 13.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai 200025, PR China. Electronic address:

Lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) is critical for immunomodulation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-activated dendritic cells (DCs) drive T follicular helper (Tfh) cells differentiation in allergic asthma. We employed wild-type (WT) and SP-A mice injected with TSLP and ovalbumin (OVA)-activated DCs and challenged with OVA. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 12;230:108821. Epub 2021 Aug 12.

Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Immunotherapy Platform, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: Information regarding inborn error of immunity (IEI) as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 is scarce. We aimed to determine if paediatric patients with moderate/severe IEI got COVID-19 at the same level as the general population, and to describe COVID-19 expression.

Material And Methods: We included patients with moderate/severe IEI aged 0-21 years old: cross-sectional study (June2020) to determine the prevalence of COVID-19; prospective study (January2020-January2021) including IEI patients with COVID-19. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 6;230:108820. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States of America.

Background: Peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) has provided desensitization to peanut allergic individuals. Limited immunological evaluation exists during the first 24-weeks of POIT.

Objective: Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are antigen induced immunosuppressive T-cells important in establishing tolerance. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 4;230:108819. Epub 2021 Aug 4.

Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address:

Acquired angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-AAE) is a rare disease characterized by adult-onset recurrent non-urticarial angioedema with low levels of C1-INH. It is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, and treatments are off-label with variable success. We conducted a systematic literature review to include patients with C1-INH-AAE identified in PubMed and Embase databases between January 2006 and February 2021. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 09 21;230:108803. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address:

To better understand COVID-19 infection in patients receiving biologic and immunomodulatory therapies, we evaluated prevalence and outcomes for symptomatic cases of COVID-19 at a large therapeutic infusion center in New York City during the height of the pandemic. 2074 patients received treatment with biologic infusions at our center between March and May 2020, and 34 patients developed symptomatic COVID-19 infection, for an overall low rate of 1.64%. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 08 25;229:108788. Epub 2021 Jun 25.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America. Electronic address:

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inborn error of immunity caused by pathogenic variants in the BTK gene, resulting in impaired B cell differentiation and maturation. Over 900 variants have already been described in this gene, however, new pathogenic variants continue to be identified. In this report, we describe 22 novel variants in BTK, associated with B cell deficiency with hypo- or agammaglobulinemia in male patients or in asymptomatic female carriers. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 08 16;229:108778. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: Infants with SCID are treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy (GT). Caregiver perceptions of pre-treatment counseling and understanding of durability of HCT/GT are poorly understood.

Methods: A survey was designed and distributed to families of patients with SCID. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 08 12;229:108783. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, 190011, J&K, India. Electronic address:

Introduction: IL4 pathway is known to upregulate IgE mediated immune responses and responsible for the manifestation of Atopic disorders. The current study was aimed to elucidate the genetic variations of Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL4R) genes and their possible association with atopic subjects.

Methods: The well-designed questionnaire was used to collect the subject demographic and clinical details. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 08 8;229:108775. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address:

The pathogenesis of recurrent tonsillitis is to be further investigated. B cell-derived interleukin (IL)-10 plays a critical role in immune regulation. Ras activation plays an important role in cancer and many immune disorders. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 06 6;227:108754. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address:

Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 06 1;227:108752. Epub 2021 May 1.

John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address:

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is often misdiagnosed as GERD; therefore, the goal of the current study is to establish a non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring biomarker that differentiated GERD from EoE. Reports indicates that IL-15 responsive iNKT cells and tissue specific IgE have a critical in EoE pathogenesis, not in GERD. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the panel of IL-15-responsive T cell and IgE receptors may be novel non-invasive biomarkers for EoE. Read More

Clin Immunol 2021 06 28;227:108748. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address:

Reports about cases of anaphylaxis to mRNA vaccines have created anxiety in the community and could increase vaccine hesitancy in the population. There are no standardized protocols for allergy testing to mRNA vaccines. PEG is currently the only excipient in both vaccines with recognized allergenic potential. Read More