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Exp Eye Res 2021 May 16;208:108617. Epub 2021 May 16.

North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. Electronic address:

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in modulating cell differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha (PPARα), PPAR-gamma (PPARγ), and PPAR-beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). PPARα activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARγ results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARβ/δ activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis. Read More

J Diabetes Investig 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.

Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are closely related and often occur simultaneously in patients. Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, resulting in intolerable pain and extremity amputation that reduces the quality of life. However, the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains unclear. Read More

Endocr Pract 2021 Feb 15. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Owing to limited research, the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on type 2 diabetes outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD and microvascular complications in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We included 1982 patients with type 2 diabetes. Read More

J Diabetes Complications 2021 May 2;35(5):107879. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Aims: To evaluate the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) and Fibrosis-4 score (FIB4) as predictors of complications development and mortality in a cohort of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 554 type 2 diabetic subjects had NFS and FIB4 calculated at baseline. Multivariate Cox and Poisson analyses evaluated the associations between fibrosis scores and the occurrence of microvascular and cardiovascular complications, and all-cause mortality. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2020 Sep-Dec;13(3):164-166. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, Cataract Services, BB Eye Foundation, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Intentional ingestion of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) or sanitizer solution is uncommon. The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to lockdowns being put in place in many countries across the globe and resulted in a surge in ABHR usage to maintain hand hygiene. In this communication, we report the case of a 56-year-old male, a chronic alcoholic who presented during the lockdown period, with acute bilateral loss of vision following ingestion of ABHR. Read More

PeerJ 2021 13;9:e10691. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wu Han, Hu Bei, China.

Background: The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and several diabetic complications or co-morbidities remains a matter of debate. The study aims to explore the association between SUA levels and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 2,809 participants (1,784 males and 1,025 females) were included in this cross-sectional study. Read More

World J Hepatol 2020 Dec;12(12):1158-1167

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, United States.

Disorders of esophageal motility have been described in patients with cirrhosis in a small number of studies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the available evidence on esophageal motility disorders in cirrhosis and their clinical implications. This review delves into the following concepts: (1) Gastroesophageal reflux disease is common in liver cirrhosis due to many mechanisms; however, when symptomatic it is usually nocturnal and has an atypical presentation; (2) Endoscopic band ligation is better than sclerotherapy in terms of its effect on esophageal motility and seems to correct dysmotilities resulting from the mechanical effect of esophageal varices; (3) Chronic alcoholism has no major effects on esophageal motility activity other than lower esophageal sphincter hypertension among those with alcoholic autonomic neuropathy; (4) An association between primary biliary cholangitis and scleroderma can be present and esophageal hypomotility is not uncommon in this scenario; and (5) Cyclosporin-based immunosuppression in liver transplant patients can have a neurotoxic effect on the esophageal myenteric plexus leading to reversible achalasia-like manifestations. Read More

Cureus 2020 Nov 15;12(11):e11493. Epub 2020 Nov 15.

Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Tobacco and alcohol dependence are known to cause choroidal neovascularization and toxic optic neuropathy, although these typically occur in isolation. In this case report, we describe a 54-year-old male who presented with a juxtafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in the left eye. Over the course of the next two years, his vision worsened significantly in both eyes, and he developed decreased color vision and paracentral scotomas. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2021 Apr;113(4):269-271

Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio.

Background: the autonomic dysfunction defines the neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system. The prevalence of the gastric dysmotility and its relationship with the autonomic dysfunction in patients with alcohol chronic liver disease is not well known.

Methods: thirty-six patients with alcohol chronic liver disease and 25 healthy controls were evaluated, in order to detect an autonomic dysfunction through different cardiovascular reflexes and gastric emptying tests. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2020 Oct 23;260:112999. Epub 2020 May 23.

Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, 34054, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dohongsamul-tang (DST) is a traditional herbal formula used to promote the blood circulation and inhibit inflammation, and also widely has been used in the treatment of patients with chronic liver diseases in Korea and China.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the effect of DST on regulation of lipid metabolism of chronic liver diseases in mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD).

Materials And Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of DST on high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC, 40% fat and 1% cholesterol)-induced NAFLD, and applied unbiased lipidomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) coupled with multivariate analysis. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2020 Dec 12;263:112959. Epub 2020 May 12.

M. M College of Pharmacy, M. M (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India. Electronic address:

Ethnophramacological Relevance: Coriandrum sativum L. is traditionally acknowledged for its use in inflammatory disorders, altered blood lipid levels, respiratory and digestive problems.

Aim Of The Study: The present study investigates possible role of hydro-alcoholic extract of C. Read More

Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021 ;14(1):2-10

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Alcoholic neuropathy is a chronic disorder caused by the excessive consumption of alcohol. Damage to the nerves results in unusual sensations in the limbs, decreased mobility and loss of some body functions.

Objective: Alcohol is considered a major cause for exclusively creating the debilitating condition of the neuropathic state. Read More

Neurotoxicology 2020 07 5;79:67-74. Epub 2020 May 5.

Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Occupational Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

Background: Methanol is a widely used industrial short-chain aliphatic alcohol with known neurotoxic properties. Mass poisoning outbreaks due to the consumption of methanol-adulterated alcoholic drinks present a challenge to healthcare providers due to the high mortality and serious central nervous system (CNS) damage in survivors. However, the impact of methanol exposure on the peripheral nervous system is unknown. Read More

Eat Weight Disord 2021 Mar 4;26(2):729-732. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Neurology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital-ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy.

Introduction: Nowadays, reports of beriberi are rare in developed countries. Wernicke encephalopathy may be present in about 25% of patients with beriberi.

Case Report: We report the case of a woman with history of depression and chronic eating disorder, who complained Wernicke encephalopathy and beriberi. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Sep 10;7(18):3013-3014. Epub 2019 Sep 10.

Department of Dermatology, University of Rome "G. Marconi", Rome, Italy.

Background: Pseudo-ainhum is defined as any case of auto-amputation not associated with the classic spontaneous ainhum seen in Africans with unknown etiology.

Case Presentation: A severely ill 58-year-old male patient presented with a painless constricting circular band on his left second toe. His medical history was remarkable for severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis with ascites formation leading to dyspnea. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019 20;12:2405-2410. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of complications in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. To date, several biochemical indexes of NAFLD have been developed. Among these, hepatic steatosis index (HSI) strongly relates with the results of magnetic resonance. Read More

Liver Int 2020 02 31;40(2):347-354. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely associated, and liver fibrosis has been related to macrovascular complications. We examined whether liver fibrosis, diagnosed by FibroScan , correlates with chronic vascular complications in a cohort of T2DM.

Methods: We recruited 394 outpatients with T2DM attending five Italian diabetes centres who underwent liver ultrasonography (US), FibroScan and extensive evaluation of macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications. Read More

J Clin Invest 2019 12;129(12):5424-5441

Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with spontaneous burning pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Although acetaldehyde has been implicated in the painful alcoholic neuropathy, the mechanism by which the ethanol metabolite causes pain symptoms is unknown. Acute ethanol ingestion caused delayed mechanical allodynia in mice. Read More

Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2019 Mar 21;65(1):87-92. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Peroneal palsy is compression neuropathy of the peroneal nerve, which presents with foot drop. Patients with unilateral peroneal nerve palsy are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Although bilateral peroneal nerve palsy is rare, bilateral foot drop due to peroneal nerve palsy is much less common. Read More

Clin Chem 2019 08;65(8):956-960

Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019 09 22;7(9):684-694. Epub 2019 Jul 22.

Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: Cluster analyses have proposed different diabetes phenotypes using age, BMI, glycaemia, homoeostasis model estimates, and islet autoantibodies. We tested whether comprehensive phenotyping validates and further characterises these clusters at diagnosis and whether relevant diabetes-related complications differ among these clusters, during 5-years of follow-up.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the German Diabetes Study underwent comprehensive phenotyping and assessment of laboratory variables. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2019 ;25(18):2051-2059

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.

Background: Obesity frequently co-exists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to the socalled "diabesity epidemic". The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of central obesity, hypertension, dysglycemia, insulin resistance and/or atherogenic dyslipidemia, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of MetS, has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), T2DM and chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence. However, the association between obesity, MetS (including NAFLD) and diabetic microvascular complications is less evident. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2019 May;74(5-6):310-313

Service de Neurologie, CHU Liège, Belgique.

Chronic alcohol consumption results in multiple peripheral and central nervous system dysfunctions. Some are due to the direct action of alcohol or its derivatives, others are induced by the vitamin deficiencies associated with alcoholism, others are eventually related to the failure of other vital organs, such as the liver. In this short review, we describe alcohol-induced neuropathy, Gayet-Wernicke syndrome, Korsakoff syndrome, alcoholic dementia, Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, alcoholic epilepsy and manifestations of alcohol withdrawal. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020 03;99(3):e32-e34

From the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Although generally presenting as a chronic, progressive peripheral neuropathy, we present a case of acute alcoholic neuropathy initially mistaken for acute Guillain-Barré syndrome. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of alcoholic neuropathy reveals an axonal neuropathy and may be complicated by demyelination if comorbid nutritional deficiencies are present. This is in contrast to the significant demyelination classically associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2019 Apr;7(Suppl 2):S67

Neurology Department, AP-HP, Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France.

The understanding and management of Wilson disease (WD) have dramatically improved since the first description of the disease by K. Wilson more than a century ago. However, the persistent long delay between the first symptoms and diagnosis emphasizes challenges in diagnosing earlier this copper overload disorder. Read More

Prim Care Diabetes 2019 12 1;13(6):505-514. Epub 2019 May 1.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D), diabetes-related complications, and cardiovascular disease in a complex manner. This study is designed to clarify associations of sonographically-detected NAFLD and serum liver enzymes with diabetes-related microvascular complications.

Methods: A matched case-contorl study was designed for 440 patients with T2D and at least one of the chronic diabetes-related microvascular complications and 495 age- and gender-matched control patients with T2D. Read More

J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019 Mar-Apr;9(2):257-267. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined by increased density and/or abnormal composition of microbiota in the small bowel. SIBO is often encountered in patients with cirrhosis as a result of impaired intestinal motility and delayed transit time, both of which are exacerbated by more severe liver disease. Additional risk factors for SIBO commonly encountered in cirrhotic patients include coexisting diabetes, autonomic neuropathy, and/or alcoholic use. Read More

Intern Med J 2019 04;49(4):536-539

Neurological Intervention and Imaging Service of WA (NIISwa), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neurological emergency that develops in the setting of thiamine deficiency, and is characterised by symptoms of confusion, ophthalmoplegia and gait ataxia. Less recognised signs and symptoms include vestibular dysfunction, hearing impairment, peripheral neuropathy, and in severe cases, coma. This case study describes a non-alcoholic patient, who presents with significant auditory and vestibular changes in addition to the classic symptoms of WE. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2019 02;180(2):e35

Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.