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Cognition 2021 May 10;214:104758. Epub 2021 May 10.

Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford, UK.

There has been surprisingly little examination of how recall performance is affected by processing demands induced by retrieval cues, how manipulations at encoding interact with processing demands during maintenance or due to the retrieval cue, and how these are affected with aging. Here, we investigate these relationships by examining the fidelity of working memory recall across two delayed reproduction tasks with a continuous measure of report across the adult lifespan. Participants were asked to remember and subsequently reproduce from memory the identity and location of a probed item from the encoding display. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2021 Apr 20;104:92-101. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.

Enriching early life experiences (e.g., sport, art, music, volunteering, language learning) during a critical period of brain development may promote structural and functional brain changes that are still present decades later (>60 years). Read More

Cell Immunol 2021 Apr 9;365:104361. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

The Concern Foundation Laboratories at The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address:

The mucosal immune system plays a vital role in protecting the host from the external environment. Its major challenge is to balance immune responses against harmful and harmless agents and serve as a 'homeostatic gate keeper'. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of undifferentiated cells that are characterized by an immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive phenotype. Read More

J Pain Symptom Manage 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Religion, Health and Human Values, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Context: Religion and spirituality (r/s) are important resources in coping with cancer. However, there are aspects of r/s, such as religious and spiritual struggles, found to be associated with poorer outcomes. A new measure has been adapted from the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS) to assess r/s struggles: the RSS-14. Read More

Exp Gerontol 2021 May 10:111402. Epub 2021 May 10.

Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Introduction: As populations age, sarcopenia becomes a major health problem among adults aged 65 years and older. However, little information is available about the relationship between sarcopenia and brain structure abnormalities. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between sarcopenia and brain atrophy in older adults and relationships with regional brain areas. Read More

Am J Kidney Dis 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA,; Departments of Public Health Science and Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL and Edward Hines VA Medical Center, Hines, IL. Electronic address:

Kidney disease is an important U.S. public health problem because it affects over 37 million Americans, and Medicare expenditures for patients with chronic kidney disease now alone exceed 130 billion dollars annually. Read More

Prev Med 2021 May 10:106609. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

The objective of this study was to explore how behavioural risk factors (smoking, physical activity, and nutrition) cluster together and assess how clusters of behavioural risk factors are associated with functional disability by age and sex at the individual and population level. We used currently available baseline cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). The CLSA is a national, population-based longitudinal study established to understand and examine health of an aging population. Read More

Alzheimers Dement 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Introduction: To examine the independent association of body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood with dementia incidence among men and women.

Methods: We studied 5104 older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. We imputed early adulthood and midlife BMI using a pooled parent cohort with complete adult lifespan coverage and previously established methods. Read More

Alzheimers Dement 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Introduction: Harmonized neuropsychological assessment for neurocognitive disorders, an international priority for valid and reliable diagnostic procedures, has been achieved only in specific countries or research contexts.

Methods: To harmonize the assessment of mild cognitive impairment in Europe, a workshop (Geneva, May 2018) convened stakeholders, methodologists, academic, and non-academic clinicians and experts from European, US, and Australian harmonization initiatives.

Results: With formal presentations and thematic working-groups we defined a standard battery consistent with the U. Read More

PLoS One 2021 13;16(5):e0251651. Epub 2021 May 13.

Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Background: The risk factors associated with the stages of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease progression are not well known. We aim to identify risk factors specific to each state of COVID-19 progression from SARS-CoV-2 infection through death.

Methods And Results: We included 648,202 participants from the Veteran Affairs Million Veteran Program (2011-). Read More

Circ Res 2021 May 13;128(10):1421-1434. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Quantitative Health Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Now at Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Véronique L Roger, MD, MPH is now at Chief, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.

Designated as an emerging epidemic in 1997, heart failure (HF) remains a major clinical and public health problem. This review focuses on the most recent studies identified by searching the Medline database for publications with the subject headings HF, epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, trends between 2010 and present. Publications relevant to epidemiology and population sciences were retained for discussion in this review after reviewing abstracts for relevance to these topics. Read More

Circ Res 2021 May 13;128(10):1554-1575. Epub 2021 May 13.

Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory for the Elderly, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY.

Often considered a rare disease, cardiac amyloidosis is increasingly recognized by practicing clinicians. The increased rate of diagnosis is in part due the aging of the population and increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis with advancing age, as well as the advent of noninvasive methods using nuclear scintigraphy to diagnose transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis due to either variant or wild type transthyretin without a biopsy. Perhaps the most important driver of the increased awareness is the elucidation of the biologic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac amyloidosis which have led to the development of several effective therapies with differing mechanisms of actions. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2021 ;91(2):258-270

Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research and School of Social Work, Rutgers University.

The disproportionate prescribing of high-risk antipsychotic medication for youth in foster care is a significant social problem across the U.S. This qualitative study examined stakeholder perceptions of prescribing, being prescribed, or overseeing prescriptions for youth in foster care. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2021 ;91(2):171-180

Department of Psychology, Columbia University.

Evidence from multiple samples of trauma-exposed populations across the globe suggests that intergenerational trauma constitutes a biopsychological risk factor which manifests itself throughout the life cycle of offspring of trauma survivors. Prior empirical studies have shown that adult children of Holocaust survivors (OHS, also referred to in select quotes as 2G for "Second Generation") are vulnerable to life-threatening situations. This study aimed to examine the reactions of OHS to the COVID-19 pandemic, which posed a serious threat to the lives of many, in particular to older adults. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2021 ;91(2):162-170

3 I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University.

For combat veterans, the trauma of war can have lasting effects, that may later extend to attitudes toward one's own aging (ATOA). The present study sought to examine whether attachment insecurities may help to predict ATOA in later life, while also exploring the moderating role of combat exposure concerning the effects of attachment insecurities on subsequent ATOA. A cohort of 171 veterans of the Israeli 1973 Yom Kippur War (mean age = 68. Read More

Geroscience 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, F-59000, Lille, France.

Brain aging may be programmed by early-life stress. Aging affects males and females differently, but how perinatal stress (PRS) affects brain aging between sexes is unknown. We showed behavioral and neurobiological sex differences in non-stressed control rats that were strongly reduced or inverted in PRS rats. Read More

Sleep Breath 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.

Purpose: With a rapidly aging society, there is increasing interest in the health of female workers in the field of care services for older adults due to increasing demands to maintain 24-h care and to support older adults without errors or accidents. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and sustained attention in women caring for older adults in Japan.

Methods: The study was conducted in women aged 18-67 years old working in care service facilities for older adults in Japan. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2021 ;1187:121-145

Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.

Increased proliferation and protein synthesis are characteristics of transformed and tumor cells. Although the components of the translation machinery are often dysregulated in cancer, the role of tRNAs in cancer cells has not been well studied. Nevertheless, the number of related studies has recently started increasing. Read More

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Experimental Neuropharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.

Arch Toxicol 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Vestibular hair cells are mechanosensory receptors that are capable of detecting changes in head position and thereby allow animals to maintain their posture and coordinate their movement. Vestibular hair cells are susceptible to ototoxic drugs, aging, and genetic factors that can lead to permanent vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular dysfunction mainly results from the injury of hair cells, which are located in the vestibular sensory epithelium. Read More

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.

The analysis of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) along with their major serum carriers, albumin (Alb) and ceruloplasmin (Cp), could provide information on the capacity of humans to maintain homeostasis of metals (metallostasis). However, their relationship with aging, sex, BMI, as well as with nutritional and inflammatory markers was never investigated in a large-scale study. Here, we report results from the European large-scale cross-sectional study MARK-AGE in which Cu, Zn, Alb, Cp as well as nutritional and inflammatory parameters were determined in 2424 age-stratified subjects (35-75 years) including the general population (RASIG), nonagenarian offspring (GO), a well-studied genetic model of longevity, and spouses of GO (SGO). Read More

JMIR Res Protoc 2021 May 13;10(5):e28684. Epub 2021 May 13.

Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.

Background: Many older adults spend the majority of their waking hours sitting, which increases their risk of chronic diseases. Given the challenges that many older adults face when engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, understanding the health benefits of decreasing sitting time and increasing the number of sit-to-stand transitions is needed to address this growing public health concern.

Objective: The aim of this 3-arm randomized controlled trial is to investigate how changes in sitting time and brief sit-to-stand transitions impact biomarkers of healthy aging and physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning compared with a healthy attention control arm. Read More

J Drug Target 2021 May 13:1-67. Epub 2021 May 13.

Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and its incidence is increasing due to the aging population. Currently, the main limitations of AD treatment are low blood-brain barrier permeability, severe off-target of drugs, and immune abnormality. In this review, four hypotheses for Alzheimer's pathogenesis and three challenges for Alzheimer's drug delivery are discussed. Read More

J Aging Health 2021 Jun-Jul;33(5-6):NP1

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 May 12;13. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, P.R. China.

This study aimed to explore effects of Sevoflurane on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To explore potential molecular mechanism, Ras related dexamethasone induced 1 (RASD1), a Protein kinase A (PKA) activator, frequently associated with various models of I/R injury, was also investigated. mouse models with I/R injury after TKA and cell models with I/R injury were induced. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 May 12;13. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

To examine the role of in genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a case-control study to analyze four polymorphism loci (rs2839364, rs1051169, rs2300403, and rs9722) of the gene and AD risk. We found an independent increased risk of AD in ε4(-) subjects carrying the rs9722 AA-genotype (OR = 2.622, 95% CI = 1. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 May 11;13. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Objectives: The spinal cord rarely repairs itself when damaged; however, methods for encouraging nerves to regrow are on the horizon. Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute to various biological processes, including neuronal processes, their functions in the subacute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, named CircPlek, with increased expression in spinal tissues after SCI. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 May 12;13. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China.

Anlotinib treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is hindered by drug insensitivity. Downregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 can suppress the proliferation and invasion by NSCLC cells. This study explored the role of the combination of anlotinib with NEAT1 knockdown on NSCLC progression. Read More