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Adv Nutr 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

The global population is living longer, however not everyone ages at the same rate in regard to their physical and cognitive abilities and their vulnerability to certain diseases and death. This review aimed to synthesise the contribution of biological age-predictive biomarkers to nutrition research and highlight the implications for future research and clinical practice. MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically searched on 30/9/2021 for randomised controlled trials and cross-sectional studies examining the association between nutrition and biological age in older adults reporting on genetic, clinical or molecular biomarkers of biological ageing. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.

Evidence regarding the effect of isomaltulose on glycemic and insulinemic responses is still conflicting, which limits isomaltulose's application on glycemic management. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate its effectiveness and evidence quality. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) prior to October 2021. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.

The immune system is weakened by advancing age, often referred to as immunosenescence, increasing the vulnerability to, and frequently the severity of, infectious diseases in older people. This has become very apparent in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for which older people are at higher risk of severe outcomes, even those who are fully vaccinated. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems and is characterized by an imbalanced inflammatory response. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Goiás, Brazil.

To identify how variables such as exercise condition, supplementation strategy, participant characteristics and demographics, and practices that control oral microbiota diversity could modify the effect of inorganic nitrate ingestion (as nitrate salt supplements, beetroot juice, and nitrate-rich vegetables) on exercise performance, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials assessing inorganic nitrate on exercise performance in healthy adults. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a multi-protein complex widely found in eukaryotes. It serves as a central signaling node to coordinate cell growth and metabolism by sensing diverse extracellular and intracellular inputs, including amino acid-, growth factor-, glucose-, and nucleotide-related signals. It is well documented that mTORC1 is recruited to the lysosomal surface, where it is activated and, accordingly, modulates downstream effectors involved in regulating protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.

Refugees remain vulnerable to acute food insecurity, malnutrition, and critically inadequate food and nutrient intake after migration, regardless of the economic level of the host country. We conducted this systematic review to summarize and evaluate the dietary intake and nutritional status among refugees resettled in non-camp settings worldwide. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases to review relevant studies published between 2009 and 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, U.S.A.

The release of the 2020-2030 Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research (SPNR) and its emphasis on precision nutrition has provided an opportunity to identify future nutrition research that addresses individual variability in response to diet and nutrition across the lifespan - including those relevant to the Strategic Vision of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The SPNR and the NHLBI's Strategic Vision were developed with extensive input from the extramural research community, and both have four overarching strategic goals within which are embedded several objectives for research. For the SPNR, these include (1) spur discovery science and normal biological functions (e. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 May 7. Epub 2022 May 7.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.

Although the association of dietary inflammatory potential, evaluated by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality has been reported, evidence remains equivocal, no relevant dose-response meta-analysis having been conducted. To examine the dose-response association of dietary inflammatory potential with risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were systematically searched up to 9 August 2021. Cohort studies were included if DII was reported as at least three levels or per incremental increase, and if the associations of DII with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality were assessed. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Strategies to reduce sodium levels in packaged foods are effective and cost-effective approaches to reducing the burden of disease attributable to high sodium intakes. This review aimed to comprehensively describe, and explore characteristics of, national strategies to reduce sodium levels in packaged foods, and assess progress towards achieving national goals. A secondary aim was to understand the number, type and variation of food category sodium targets set by countries compared with World Health Organization (WHO) global sodium benchmarks. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein present in human and bovine milk with anti-microbial and immune modulating properties. This review aimed to examine the evidence for the effect of Lf supplementation on inflammation, immune function, and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in humans. Online databases were searched up to December 2020 to identify relevant, English language articles which examined the effect of Lf supplementation in human subjects of all ages, on either inflammation, immune cell populations or activity or the incidence, duration or severity of respiratory illness or RTIs. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 26. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Despite earlier meta-analyses on the association between adherences to Mediterranean diet (MD) and risk of diabetes, there is no comprehensive and updated study assessing this issue. Furthermore, no earlier study has examined the nonlinear dose-response relationship between consumption of Mediterranean diet and risk of diabetes. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was done to investigate the linear and non-linear dose-response relationship between Mediterranean diet and incidence of diabetes. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 19. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 includes guidelines for pregnancy, lactation, and children from birth to age 24-months (B-24) to reflect the growing body of evidence about appropriate nutrition during the earliest stages of life. Guidelines are based on a thorough review of the existing scientific evidence by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). This study's objective was to enumerate early life (pregnancy, lactation, and B-24) nutrition research needs that are already being addressed by the scientific community and to identify remaining research gaps. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 15. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.

Gastroparesis (Gp) is a delay in gastric emptying in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and has the capacity to cause symptoms that significantly impact patient's quality of life. Dietary interventions are the first-line treatment in Gp, but the efficacy of different diets is unclear. This systematic review seeks to determine the effectiveness of dietary interventions on clinical outcomes in Gp. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Spain.

Recent scientific evidence has shown the importance of diet and lifestyle habits for the proper functioning of the human body. A balanced and healthy diet, physical activity and psychological wellbeing have a direct beneficial effect on health and can have a crucial role in the development and prognosis of certain diseases. The Southern European Atlantic Diet, also named Atlantic Diet, is a unique dietary pattern that occurs in regions that present higher life expectancy, suggesting that this specific dietary pattern is associated with positive health effects. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Crta. de Canto Blanco, nº8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Alterations in the epigenome are well known to affect cancer development and progression. Epigenetics is highly influenced by the environment including diet, which is a source of metabolic substrates that influence the synthesis of co-factors or substrates for chromatin and RNA modifying enzymes. In addition, plants are a common source of bioactives that can directly modify the activity of these enzymes. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 13. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Only very few Cochrane nutrition reviews include cohort studies (CSs), but most evidence in nutrition research comes from CSs. We aimed to pool bodies of evidence (BoE) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) derived from Cochrane reviews with matched BoE from CSs. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and MEDLINE were searched for systematic reviews (SRs) of RCTs, and SRs of CSs. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 11. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.

Updating evidence-based nutrient guidance is challenging. One set of recommendations for which a robust evidence base is essential is the Dietary References Intakes (DRI). In the past ten years, DRI values for four essential nutrients have been re-evaluated in two groups; vitamin D and calcium, and sodium and potassium. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 9. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The association between egg consumption and mortality is extremely debatable. This study aimed to investigate the potential dose-response association of egg consumption with risk of mortality from all-causes and cause-specific in the general population. The primary comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase up to March 2021, as well as reference lists of relevant original papers and key journals. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 5. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.

Recently developed ketone (monoester or salt) supplements acutely elevate blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exogenously without prolonged periods of fasting or carbohydrate restriction. Previous (small-scale) studies have found a blood glucose-lowering effect of exogenous ketones. This study aimed to systematically review available evidence and conduct meta-analyses of studies reporting on exogenous ketones and blood glucose. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 1. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.

This WHO-commissioned review contributed to the update of complementary feeding recommendations, synthesizing evidence on effects of unhealthy food and beverage consumption in children on overweight and obesity. We searched PubMed (Medline), Cochrane CENTRAL and Embase for articles, irrespective of language or geography. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs); non-RCTs; cohort studies and pre/post studies with control; 2) participants ≤ 10. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Apr 1. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston MA.

By 2060, the number of adults 65 y and older is expected to double and the ≥ 85 y segment of the population is expected to triple in the United States (US). US federal nutrition guidance is based on the premise that healthy diets contribute to delaying the onset and progression of many age-related diseases and disability. Yet, little is known about the dietary intakes or nutritional needs across the older adulthood age-span. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 28. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 28. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.

It is widely believed that diet and the gut microbiota are strongly related to the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the effects of the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota on IBD have not been well elucidated. In this paper, we aim to explore the complex relationship between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and IBD. We first comprehensively summarize the dietary patterns associated with IBD and found that dietary patterns can modulate the occurrence and progression of IBD through various signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 25. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong Victoria 3220, Australia.

The health benefits of nuts reported throughout the literature are extensive and well established for reducing the risk of, and managing several chronic conditions including, but not limited to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognition. Despite their comparable nutritional profile, seeds are often not assessed in clinical and epidemiological studies. Interestingly dietary guidelines and recommendations often refer to 'nuts and seeds' collectively, even though they are not consistently examined together in nutrition research when determining associated health benefits. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 23. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.

In many non-Asian countries, soy is consumed via soy-based meat and dairy alternatives, in addition to the traditional Asian soyfoods, such as tofu and miso. Meat alternatives are typically made using concentrated sources of soy protein, such as soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy protein concentrate (SPC). Therefore, these products are classified as ultra-processed foods (UPFs, Group 4) according to NOVA (not an acronym), an increasingly widely used food classification system that classifies all foods into one of four groups according to the processing they undergo. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 23. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Temporary foreign farm workers (TFWs) are among the most vulnerable and exploitable groups. Recent research shows alarming rates of food insecurity among them. This review explores research focussing on food security of TFWs in Canada and the United States (U. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 16. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Monash University Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The nutritional status of reproductive-aged couples can have a significant impact on fertility status, but the effect of dietary patterns on pregnancy outcomes in people using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) is currently unknown. This review aimed to synthesize the published research investigating the relationship between preconception dietary patterns and clinical pregnancy or live birth in men and women of reproductive age undergoing ART. Six electronic databases were systematically searched for original research published between January 1978 and June 2021. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 10. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy.

Kiwifruit have known positive effects on digestion. During clinical intervention trials using kiwifruit to improve constipation, upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and pain, indigestion, and reflux were also alleviated. We aimed to evaluate the evidence for upper GI symptom relief by kiwifruit in clinical trials on participants with functional constipation (FC), irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), and healthy participants, and to elucidate which symptoms may be relieved and whether a difference exists between the effects of gold and green kiwifruit. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems), Cirad, Univ. Montpellier, France.

Over the last two decades, many African countries have undergone dietary and nutrition transitions fueled by globalization, rapid urbanization and development. These changes have altered African food environments and subsequently, dietary behaviors, including food acquisition and consumption. Dietary patterns associated with the nutrition transition have contributed to Africa's complex burden of malnutrition - obesity and other diet-related non-communicable diseases (DR-NCDs), along with persistent food insecurity and undernutrition. Read More

Adv Nutr 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA.

The rapid expansion of food and nutrition information requires new ways of data sharing and dissemination. Interactive platforms integrating data portals and visualization dashboards have been effectively utilized to describe, monitor, and track information related to food and nutrition. Yet, a comprehensive evaluation of emerging interactive systems is lacking. Read More