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Adv Phys 2016 1;1(4):523-543. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

We present an overview of quantitative and label-free optical methods used to characterize living biological tissues, with an emphasis on emerging applications in clinical tissue diagnostics. Specifically, this review focuses on diffuse optical spectroscopy, imaging, and tomography, optical coherence-based techniques, and non-linear optical methods for molecular imaging. The potential for non- or minimally-invasive assessment, quantitative diagnostics, and continuous monitoring enabled by these tissue-optics technologies provides significant promise for continued clinical translation. Read More

Adv Phys 2013 Jan 6;62(1):1-112. Epub 2013 Mar 6.

Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Despite their overwhelming complexity, living cells display a high degree of internal mechanical and functional organization which can largely be attributed to the intracellular biopolymer scaffold, the cytoskeleton. Being a very complex system far from thermodynamic equilibrium, the cytoskeleton's ability to organize is at the same time challenging and fascinating. The extensive amounts of frequently interacting cellular building blocks and their inherent multifunctionality permits highly adaptive behavior and obstructs a purely reductionist approach. Read More