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Exp Physiol 2022 May 22. Epub 2022 May 22.

Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the current status of the literature in sex differences in exertional heat stroke. What advances does this review highlight? We utilize a translational model to explore possible physical and physiological differences with respect risk and treatment of exertional heat stroke.

Abstract: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal condition brought about by a combination of physical activity and heat stress and resulting in central nervous system dysfunction and organ damage. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2022 May;70(5):11-12

Fourth Year Undergraduate Student, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Background& : The geriatric population in India is projected to increase from 8% to a staggering 20% by 2050. The combination of a population boom along with advances in medicine resulting has resulted in an increase in life span, leaving India with a potential geriatric healthcare crisis in its hands leaves India with a potential geriatric healthcare crisis in its hands. India currently produces as few as 20 geriatricians per year due to limited PG seats and has only a handful of fully functioning Geriatric Departments in the public healthcare sector. Read More

Clin Transplant 2022 May 21:e14716. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) held a consensus conference in 2012 that examined methods used by SRTR for constructing performance metrics and made recommendations on how to improve program-specific reports. That consensus conference provided 25 recommendations categorized as follows: statistical methods, risk adjustment, and outcomes and data. During the subsequent decade, SRTR has implemented most of these recommendations; these are described in this article along with plans for another consensus conference in 2022. Read More

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022 May 21;18(1):42. Epub 2022 May 21.

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale Center for Asthma and Airway Disease, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Globally, a small proportion (5-12%) of asthma patients are estimated to have severe disease. However, severe asthma accounts for disproportionately high healthcare resource utilization. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) management committee recommends treating patients with asthma with inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β-agonists and, when needed, adding a long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist or biologic agent. Read More

Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Institute of Medical Technology and Intelligent Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.

Objectives: Motion compensation is an interesting approach to improve treatments of moving structures. For example, target motion can substantially affect dose delivery in radiation therapy, where methods to detect and mitigate the motion are widely used. Recent advances in fast, volumetric ultrasound have rekindled the interest in ultrasound for motion tracking. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, India.

An exponentially growing global population has led to an increase in nutrient pollution in different aqueous bodies. Although different processes have successfully removed nutrients from wastewater on a large scale, a limited number of studies have been reported on efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and future potential of physical, chemical, and biological nutrient recovery methods to overcome the depletion of natural resources. Therefore, researchers need to understand current research trends by applying different approaches to investigate higher efficient nutrient recovery technologies. Read More

Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 May 21;7(1):166. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent. This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases. Read More

J Orthop Sci 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Japan.

Background: The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) guideline for the management of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) was first published in 2011. Since then, the medical care system for LSS has changed and many new articles regarding the epidemiology and diagnostics of LSS, conservative treatments such as new pharmacotherapy and physical therapy, and surgical treatments including minimally invasive surgery have been published. In addition, various issues need to be examined, such as verification of patient-reported outcome measures, and the economic effect of revised medical management of patients with lumbar spinal disorders. Read More

Trends Neurosci 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Regulating energy metabolism is critical to maintain homeostasis of cellular and systemic functions. In the brain, specialised centres for energy storage regulation finely communicate with the periphery and integrate signals about internal states. As a result, the behavioural responses can be directly adjusted accordingly to the energetic demands. Read More

Transplant Proc 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Institute of Cardiology and Transplantation of the Federal District (ICTDF), Brasilia, Brazil.

Background: Portal vein thrombosis is a relatively frequent complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Its detection and management are essential to avoid worsening portal hypertension or liver function complications. This complication can also negatively impact or even preclude liver transplant. Read More

Bull Cancer 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Unité d'Oncologie Médicale, Val d'Aurelle, 208, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France.

Recent technological advances coupled with our improved understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with cancer development have enabled better overall patient care. Among the newly identified biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA or circulating tumor cells, hPG (circulating progastrin) that is easy to detect and quantify by a simple ELISA assay has the potential to become a new routine clinical tool in oncology if on-going studies validated its utility. Indeed, on the one hand, hPG was found in the blood of patients with different tumors (colorectal, pancreatic, liver, lung, stomach, kidney cancers) at a significantly higher concentration than in healthy donors. Read More

Life Sci 2022 May 18:120654. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address:

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of death worldwide. It arises from blood reflowing after tissue hypoxia induced by ischemia that causes severe damages due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of inflammatory responses. Exosomes are the smallest members of the extracellular vesicles' family, which originate from nearly all eukaryotic cells. Read More

Gene 2022 May 18:146581. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

The assembly of transcription complexes on eukaryotic promoters involves a series of steps, including chromatin remodeling, recruitment of TATA-binding protein (TBP)-containing complexes, the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, and additional basal transcription factors. This review describes the transcriptional regulation by TBP and its corresponding homologs that constitute the TBP family and their interactions with promoter DNA. The C-terminal core domain of TBP is highly conserved and contains two structural repeats that fold into a saddle-like structure, essential for the interaction with the TATA-box on DNA. Read More

SLAS Discov 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany. Electronic address:

Recent advances in label-free high-throughput screening via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) offer unprecedented opportunities for the identification of novel chemical starting points in target-based drug discovery. A clear advantage of the technology is the possibility for label-free, direct quantification of analytes with high precision and robustness. Here we have expanded the range of analytes and biology that can be addressed via MALDI-TOF HTS, by developing a method based on post-reaction pyrylium-based derivatization to detect 3-methoxytyramine, the physiological enzyme product of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme. Read More

Chemosphere 2022 May 18:134987. Epub 2022 May 18.

Linde-Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States. Electronic address:

Controlling eutrophication and recovering phosphates from water bodies are hot issues in the 21st century. Adsorption is considered to be the best method for phosphate removal because of its high adsorption efficiency and fast removal rate. Among the many adsorbents, lanthanum (La)-based adsorbents have been paid more and more attention due to their strong affinity to phosphorus. Read More

Mol Metab 2022 May 18:101515. Epub 2022 May 18.

The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Electronic address:

It has been reported that diabetes mellitus affects 435 million people globally as a primary health care problem. Despite many therapies available, many diabetes remains uncontrolled, giving rise to irreversible diabetic complications that pose significant risks to patients' wellbeing and survival. In recent years, as much effort is put into elucidating the posttranscriptional gene regulation network of diabetes and diabetic complications; RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be vital. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 May 18:156033. Epub 2022 May 18.

Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China. Electronic address:

Viruses are the most abundant organisms in aquatic environments. Recent advances of viral metagenomic have greatly expanded our understanding of aquatic viral communities. However, little is known about the difference of viral communities and driving factors in freshwater lake. Read More

J Ren Nutr 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Professor of Clinical Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Current phosphate management strategies in end-stage renal disease (dietary phosphate restriction, dialysis, and phosphate binders) are inadequate to maintain target phosphate levels in most patients. Dietary phosphate restriction is challenging due to "hidden phosphates" in processed foods, and dialysis and phosphate binders are insufficient to match average dietary phosphate intake. As phosphate binders must be taken with each meal, patients need to ingest many, large pills several times a day, negatively impacting quality of life. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah.

For over a century, substantial racial and ethnic inequities in perinatal health outcomes have persisted despite technical clinical advances and changes in public health practice that lowered the overall incidence of morbidity. Race is a social construct and not an inherent biological or genetic reality; therefore, racial differences in health outcomes represent the consequences of structural racism, or the inequitable distribution of opportunities for health along racialized lines. Clinicians and scientists in obstetrics and gynecology have a responsibility to work to eliminate health inequities for Black, Brown, and Indigenous birthing people, and fulfilling this responsibility requires actionable evidence from high quality research. Read More

Transl Oncol 2022 May 18;22:101450. Epub 2022 May 18.

Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, Room BB-1604, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. Electronic address:

The validation of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a molecular target in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has stimulated the development of multiple classes of theranostic ligands that specifically target PSMA. Theranostic ligands are used to image disease or selectively deliver cytotoxic radioactivity to cells expressing PSMA according to the radioisotope conjugated to the ligand. PSMA theranostics is a rapidly advancing field that is now integrating into clinical management of prostate cancer patients. Read More

Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022 May 13;32:100576. Epub 2022 May 13.

The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Despite advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, platinum-based chemotherapy remains crucial for many patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is common, and predictive biomarkers are needed to tailor treatment to patients likely to respond. In vitro evidence implicates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands activin-A and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) in innate platinum resistance. Read More

Biosens Bioelectron 2022 May 14;211:114370. Epub 2022 May 14.

Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China. Electronic address:

Polymeric carbon nitrides (CN), due to their unique physicochemical properties, versatile surface functionalization, ultra-high surface area, and good biocompatibility, have attracted considerable interest in diverse biomedical applications, such as biosensors, drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. In this review, the recent advances in bioimaging of CN-based nanomaterials are summarized according to the imaging modalities, including optical (fluorescence and Raman) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), computed tomography (CT), and multimodal imaging. The pros and cons of CN bioimaging are comprehensively analyzed and compared with those in previous reports. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2022 May 13;140:105454. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Province, China.

Objective: This article aims to systematically and comprehensively discuss molecular biology-related progress and targeted therapeutic strategies for ameloblastoma, which are expected to be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of ameloblastoma.

Design: A comprehensive review of scientific literature relevant to ameloblastoma, including the latest classification, global epidemiology, molecular biology advances, and targeted therapy.

Results: Among the 156 articles cited, a total of 20 non-coding RNAs, 13 genes, 27 proteins, and 8 pathways were involved, which play a variety of roles in ameloblastoma. Read More

Adv Ther 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn considerable attention to viral pneumonia from clinicians, public health authorities, and the general public. With dozens of viruses able to cause pneumonia in humans, differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia can be very challenging in clinical practice using traditional diagnostic methods. Precision medicine is a medical model in which decisions, practices, interventions, and therapies are adapted to the individual patient on the basis of their predicted response or risk of disease. Read More

J Neurol 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.

In this update, we review the recent discovery of autosomal recessive variants in sorbitol dehydrogenase as one of the commonest and potentially treatable causes of hereditary motor neuropathy and CMT2. We also report on recent therapeutic advances in hereditary neuropathy including the use of lipid nanoparticle sequestered antisense oligonucleotides in CMT1A and lipid nanoparticle delivered CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in ATTR amyloidosis. Read More

Mycorrhiza 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

The Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonise plant roots, and by doing so forge the 'mycorrhizal uptake pathway(s)' (MUP) that provide passageways for the trade of resources across a specialised membrane at the plant-fungus interface. The transport of nutrients such as phosphorus (P), nitrogen and zinc from the fungus, and carbon from the plant, via the MUP have mostly been quantified using stable or radioactive isotope labelling of soil in a specialised hyphae-only compartment. Recent advances in the study of AM fungi have used tracing studies to better understand how the AM association will function in a changing climate, the extent to which the MUP can contribute to P uptake by important crops, and how AM fungi trade resources in interaction with plants, other AM fungi, and friend and foe in the soil microbiome. Read More

Mol Carcinog 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Read More