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Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

GRIAL Research Group, University of Salamanca, IUCE, Paseo de Canalejas 169, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.

Within the field of robots in medical education, most of the work done during the last years has focused on surgeon training in robotic surgery, practicing surgery procedures through simulators. Apart from surgical education, robots have also been widely employed in assistive and rehabilitation procedures, where education has traditionally focused in the patient. Therefore, there has been extensive review bibliography in the field of medical robotics focused on surgical and rehabilitation and assistive robots, but there is a lack of survey papers that explore the potential of robotics in the education of healthcare students and professionals beyond their training in the use of the robotic system. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 26. Epub 2022 Jun 26.

Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC-0675), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0675, USA.

There is currently little guidance for medical school admissions committees regarding how to weigh postbaccalaureate program grades relative to undergraduate grades. This study was designed to address this issue. Admissions data, preclerkship course performance and United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 results were analyzed over three years for University of California, San Diego (UCSD) postbaccalaureate premedical (PBPM) students (n = 25), students who participated in other postbaccalaureate programs (n = 34), and for the remainder of the medical students who did not participate in any postbaccalaureate programs (n = 329). Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.

The pedagogy underpinning clinical psychology training is often reliant upon the acquisition and transmission of knowledge and the practice of skills. The dominant paradigm in the training of clinical psychologists emphasises competence-based training drawing upon a scientist practitioner model of practice, often underpinned by knowledge of evidence-based interventions. Little has changed over the past 40 years. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Medical educators constantly make decisions on when and how to intervene. Current literature provides general suggestions about types of teacher interventions. Our study aims to specify that knowledge by describing in detail the actions teachers do when intervening, the interactional consequences of those actions, and how these relate to teacher roles in group discussions. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Threshold concepts (TCs) are increasingly used in health professions education (HPE) research. TCs are claimed to be conceptual gateways which are often traversed with substantial difficulty. In this paper, we report on a scoping review investigating the following research question: What is the scope and nature of the currently available research on threshold concepts in health professions education literature? We employed Arksey and O'Malley's model for scoping reviews. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES) and Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Studies of cost and value can inform educational decision making, yet our understanding of the barriers to such research is incomplete. To address this gap, our aim was to explore the attitudes of global thought leaders in HPE towards cost and value research. This was a qualitative virtual interview study underpinned by social constructionism. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.

Introduction: Implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) is recognised as challenging, and well-designed programs can have differing levels of success depending on implementation quality. The aim of this review was to summarise the evidence for implementation of IPE, and identify challenges and key lessons to guide faculty in IPE implementation.

Methods: Five stage scoping review of methodological characteristics, implementation components, challenges and key lessons in primary studies in IPE. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 6. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Center for Advanced Medical Simulation, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, CAT 126, 11762 106 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T5G 2R1, Canada.

Throughout healthcare, including education, the need for voicing of concern by speaking up is a globally recognized issue that has come to the fore in the last ten years. There has been a rapid growth in the number of review articles on the topic. To prevent diffusion of knowledge and support future research it is necessary to gather the existing knowledge in a single place. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between school burnout, sense of school belonging, and academic achievement in medical students. This cross-sectional study was performed with students at the Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty (Samsun, Turkey) between 1 and 31 May 2019. Six hundred one (71. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 29. Epub 2022 May 29.

Chair/Chief of Psychiatry, Hartford Hospital and the Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue Terry Building, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.

In acute hospital settings, medical trainees are often confronted with moral challenges and negative emotions when caring for complex and structurally vulnerable patients. These challenges may influence the long term moral development of medical trainees and have significant implications for future clinical practice. Despite the importance of moral development to medical education, the topic is still relatively under-explored. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 27. Epub 2022 May 27.

McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Background: The widespread implementation of longitudinal assessment (LA) to document trainees' progression to independent practice rests more on speculative rather than evidence-based benefits. We aimed to document stakeholders' knowledge of- and attitudes towards LA, and identify how the supports and barriers can help or hinder the uptake and sustainable use of LA.

Methods: We interviewed representatives from four stakeholder groups involved in LA. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

National Board of Medical Examiners, 3750 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3102, USA.

Understanding the response process used by test takers when responding to multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is particularly important in evaluating the validity of score interpretations. Previous authors have recommended eye-tracking technology as a useful approach for collecting data on the processes test taker's use to respond to test questions. This study proposes a new method for evaluating alternative score interpretations by using eye-tracking data and machine learning. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

The Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (OSCORE) is an assessment tool that has gained prominence in postgraduate competency-based training programs. We undertook a systematic review and narrative synthesis to articulate the underlying validity argument in support of this tool. Although originally developed to assess readiness for independent performance of a procedure, contemporary implementation includes using the OSCORE for entrustment supervision decisions. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

We investigated the short- and long-term effects of two different evidence-based mindfulness training on students' stress and well-being. A randomised controlled trial with three measurement points (baseline, post-intervention, and 4 months post-intervention) was conducted among undergraduate students of medicine, dentistry, psychology, and logopaedics at the University of Helsinki. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) face-to-face mindfulness training based on the Mindfulness Skills for Students course (n = 40), (2) a web-based Student Compass program using Mindfulness and Acceptance and Commitment therapy (n = 22), and (3) a control group that received mental health support as usual (n = 40). Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May;27(2):289-292

Department of Veterinary and Clinical Diagnostics Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Research in health professions education has often been portrayed as an applied field, one that draws on more basic forms of research in pursuing what are primarily practical ends. While there is an undeniable practical side to much of the work published in our field, and in this Journal in particular, this can be problematic when the necessary basic research is not extant. In this editorial, two of this Journal's editors consider some of the challenges in bridging these basic research gaps in an erstwhile applied field, and the implications for the kinds of research we undertake and for the identity of the field as a whole. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 25. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA.

Given gaps in both identifying and providing targeted interventions to struggling learners, the purpose of this study is to both improve rapid identification and to improve individualized academic advising for learners using this visual representation of performance. Across three graduating classes, individual growth curves were calculated for each student on National Board of Medical Examiners customized assessments during the pre-clerkship period using their deviation from the class average at each assessment point. These deviation scores were cumulatively summed over time and were regressed onto the sequence of exams. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 25. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir William Osler, H3G 1Y5, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Professional identity is believed to foster self-confidence and resilience in health care professionals. While literature exists describing professional identity in medicine, the relevance of this evidence to rehabilitation professionals (occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT) and speech-language pathology (S-LP)) is limited due to differences between professions in decision-making authority (patient care), professional autonomy and understanding of their scope of practice. The objective was to determine the extent, range and nature of the literature on professional identity/professional identity formation in rehabilitation professionals. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 12. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Health disparities faced by transgender people are partly explained by barriers to trans-inclusive healthcare, which in turn are linked to a lack of transgender health education in medical school curricula. We carried out a theory-driven systematic review with the aim to (1) provide an overview of key characteristics of training initiatives and pedagogical features, and (2) analyze barriers and facilitators to implementing this training in medical education. We used queer theory to contextualize our findings. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Medical Education Innovation and Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.

The role of feminist theory in health professions education is often 'ova-looked'. Gender is one cause of healthcare inequalities within contemporary medicine. Shockingly, according to the World Health Organisation, no European member state has achieved full gender equity in regard to health outcomes. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are flexible offerings that deliver content to a large audience in a virtual platform. MOOCs are increasingly accessed by health professionals to support their own professional development. Despite the agreed usefulness of MOOCs, the rates of adoption are still extremely low. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 7;27(2):521-536. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand.

Background: Despite being a mandated, foundational value in healthcare, research on compassion remains limited. Studying the individual, patient, clinical, and contextual factors that interfere with compassion-the "barriers"-may clarify our understanding of the origins of compassion and identify potential targets for improving patient-centred care. Studies of the related construct of empathy have suggested that medical students report declines with increasing clinical experience. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Division of Medical Education, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

There is increasing interest in the use of ethnography as a qualitative research approach to explore, in depth, issues of culture in health professions education (HPE). Our specific focus in this article is incorporating the digital into ethnography. Digital technologies are pervasively and increasingly shaping the way we interact, behave, think, and communicate as health professions educators and learners. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 5. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.

As HPE begins to turn their attention to the lived experiences of minoritized groups in society, health professions education (HPE) researchers need to be aware of the history of social science research and the ways it contributes to creating systems of oppression. This is because as 'knowledge producers,' we make decisions about how to design our studies, analyze and interpret data, and report it in ways that are frequently oblivious to the harmful legacy of social science research, and how it continues to bring harm to minoritized communities. To not do so is to perpetuate a system that has historically served the dominant group at the expense of those who are limited in representing the world for themselves. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 2. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Case presentations have been researched as both an important form of intra/inter-professional communication, where a patient's clinical information is shared among health professionals involved in their care, and an equally key discursive tool in education, where learners independently assess a patient and present the case to their preceptor and/or care team. But what happens to the case presentation, a genre that governs physician (and learner) talk about patients, when it is used in patients' presence? While they were commonly used at the bedside in the past, case presentations today are more commonly performed in hallways or conference rooms, out of patient earshot. This paper draws on interview data from a study involving patient-present case presentations in a medical education setting. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Apr 2. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Medicine, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.

Intersectionality theory examines how matrices of power and interlocking structures of oppression shape and influence people's multiple identities. It reminds us that people's lives cannot be explained by taking into account single categories, such as gender, race, sexuality, or socio-economic status. Rather, human lives are multi-dimensional and complex, and people's lived realities are shaped by different factors and social dynamics operating together. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 24;27(2):501-520. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

The occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Indigenous Peoples are underrepresented in many of the Health and Human Services Educational Programs (HHSEP, e.g.: Nursing, Social Work). Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 May 23;27(2):441-456. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

Background: Invention and mastery learning approaches differ in their foundational educational paradigms, proposed mechanisms of learning, and potential impacts on learning outcomes. They also differ in their resource requirements. We explored the relative effects of 'invent and problem-solve, followed by instruction' (PS-I) learning compared to mastery learning (i. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 03;27(1):1-5

Department of Community Health Sciences and Office of Health and Medical Education Scholarship, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Taking the recent revision of the Journal's 'Standards for an Acceptable Manuscript' as a starting point, the Editor considers the meaning, durability, and implications of academic standards for journals in health professions education and those seeking to publish their work within them. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, Room 120, East Lansing, 48864, MI, US.

Purpose: Our US medical school uses National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) tests as progress tests during the pre-clerkship curriculum to assess students. In this study, we examined students' growth patterns using progress tests in the first year of medical school to identify students at risk for failing United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1.

Method: Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) was used to examine the growth trajectories based on NBME progress test scores in the first year of medical school. Read More

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022 Mar 2. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Centre for Teaching and Learning, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.

Worldwide, the Covid-19 pandemic has transformed teaching contexts rapidly. Studies on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have largely focused on students' learning and well-being. In contrast, little is known about how emergency online teaching affects teachers. Read More