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Life Sci 2022 May 18:120654. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address:

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of death worldwide. It arises from blood reflowing after tissue hypoxia induced by ischemia that causes severe damages due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of inflammatory responses. Exosomes are the smallest members of the extracellular vesicles' family, which originate from nearly all eukaryotic cells. Read More

Gene 2022 May 18:146581. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

The assembly of transcription complexes on eukaryotic promoters involves a series of steps, including chromatin remodeling, recruitment of TATA-binding protein (TBP)-containing complexes, the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, and additional basal transcription factors. This review describes the transcriptional regulation by TBP and its corresponding homologs that constitute the TBP family and their interactions with promoter DNA. The C-terminal core domain of TBP is highly conserved and contains two structural repeats that fold into a saddle-like structure, essential for the interaction with the TATA-box on DNA. Read More

SLAS Discov 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany. Electronic address:

Recent advances in label-free high-throughput screening via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) offer unprecedented opportunities for the identification of novel chemical starting points in target-based drug discovery. A clear advantage of the technology is the possibility for label-free, direct quantification of analytes with high precision and robustness. Here we have expanded the range of analytes and biology that can be addressed via MALDI-TOF HTS, by developing a method based on post-reaction pyrylium-based derivatization to detect 3-methoxytyramine, the physiological enzyme product of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme. Read More

Chemosphere 2022 May 18:134987. Epub 2022 May 18.

Linde-Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States. Electronic address:

Controlling eutrophication and recovering phosphates from water bodies are hot issues in the 21st century. Adsorption is considered to be the best method for phosphate removal because of its high adsorption efficiency and fast removal rate. Among the many adsorbents, lanthanum (La)-based adsorbents have been paid more and more attention due to their strong affinity to phosphorus. Read More

Mol Metab 2022 May 18:101515. Epub 2022 May 18.

The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Electronic address:

It has been reported that diabetes mellitus affects 435 million people globally as a primary health care problem. Despite many therapies available, many diabetes remains uncontrolled, giving rise to irreversible diabetic complications that pose significant risks to patients' wellbeing and survival. In recent years, as much effort is put into elucidating the posttranscriptional gene regulation network of diabetes and diabetic complications; RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be vital. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 May 18:156033. Epub 2022 May 18.

Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China. Electronic address:

Viruses are the most abundant organisms in aquatic environments. Recent advances of viral metagenomic have greatly expanded our understanding of aquatic viral communities. However, little is known about the difference of viral communities and driving factors in freshwater lake. Read More

J Ren Nutr 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Professor of Clinical Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Current phosphate management strategies in end-stage renal disease (dietary phosphate restriction, dialysis, and phosphate binders) are inadequate to maintain target phosphate levels in most patients. Dietary phosphate restriction is challenging due to "hidden phosphates" in processed foods, and dialysis and phosphate binders are insufficient to match average dietary phosphate intake. As phosphate binders must be taken with each meal, patients need to ingest many, large pills several times a day, negatively impacting quality of life. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah.

For over a century, substantial racial and ethnic inequities in perinatal health outcomes have persisted despite technical clinical advances and changes in public health practice that lowered the overall incidence of morbidity. Race is a social construct and not an inherent biological or genetic reality; therefore, racial differences in health outcomes represent the consequences of structural racism, or the inequitable distribution of opportunities for health along racialized lines. Clinicians and scientists in obstetrics and gynecology have a responsibility to work to eliminate health inequities for Black, Brown, and Indigenous birthing people, and fulfilling this responsibility requires actionable evidence from high quality research. Read More

Transl Oncol 2022 May 18;22:101450. Epub 2022 May 18.

Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, Room BB-1604, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. Electronic address:

The validation of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a molecular target in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has stimulated the development of multiple classes of theranostic ligands that specifically target PSMA. Theranostic ligands are used to image disease or selectively deliver cytotoxic radioactivity to cells expressing PSMA according to the radioisotope conjugated to the ligand. PSMA theranostics is a rapidly advancing field that is now integrating into clinical management of prostate cancer patients. Read More

Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022 May 13;32:100576. Epub 2022 May 13.

The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Despite advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, platinum-based chemotherapy remains crucial for many patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is common, and predictive biomarkers are needed to tailor treatment to patients likely to respond. In vitro evidence implicates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands activin-A and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) in innate platinum resistance. Read More

Biosens Bioelectron 2022 May 14;211:114370. Epub 2022 May 14.

Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China. Electronic address:

Polymeric carbon nitrides (CN), due to their unique physicochemical properties, versatile surface functionalization, ultra-high surface area, and good biocompatibility, have attracted considerable interest in diverse biomedical applications, such as biosensors, drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. In this review, the recent advances in bioimaging of CN-based nanomaterials are summarized according to the imaging modalities, including optical (fluorescence and Raman) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), computed tomography (CT), and multimodal imaging. The pros and cons of CN bioimaging are comprehensively analyzed and compared with those in previous reports. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2022 May 13;140:105454. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Province, China.

Objective: This article aims to systematically and comprehensively discuss molecular biology-related progress and targeted therapeutic strategies for ameloblastoma, which are expected to be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of ameloblastoma.

Design: A comprehensive review of scientific literature relevant to ameloblastoma, including the latest classification, global epidemiology, molecular biology advances, and targeted therapy.

Results: Among the 156 articles cited, a total of 20 non-coding RNAs, 13 genes, 27 proteins, and 8 pathways were involved, which play a variety of roles in ameloblastoma. Read More

Adv Ther 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn considerable attention to viral pneumonia from clinicians, public health authorities, and the general public. With dozens of viruses able to cause pneumonia in humans, differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia can be very challenging in clinical practice using traditional diagnostic methods. Precision medicine is a medical model in which decisions, practices, interventions, and therapies are adapted to the individual patient on the basis of their predicted response or risk of disease. Read More

J Neurol 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.

In this update, we review the recent discovery of autosomal recessive variants in sorbitol dehydrogenase as one of the commonest and potentially treatable causes of hereditary motor neuropathy and CMT2. We also report on recent therapeutic advances in hereditary neuropathy including the use of lipid nanoparticle sequestered antisense oligonucleotides in CMT1A and lipid nanoparticle delivered CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in ATTR amyloidosis. Read More

Mycorrhiza 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

The Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonise plant roots, and by doing so forge the 'mycorrhizal uptake pathway(s)' (MUP) that provide passageways for the trade of resources across a specialised membrane at the plant-fungus interface. The transport of nutrients such as phosphorus (P), nitrogen and zinc from the fungus, and carbon from the plant, via the MUP have mostly been quantified using stable or radioactive isotope labelling of soil in a specialised hyphae-only compartment. Recent advances in the study of AM fungi have used tracing studies to better understand how the AM association will function in a changing climate, the extent to which the MUP can contribute to P uptake by important crops, and how AM fungi trade resources in interaction with plants, other AM fungi, and friend and foe in the soil microbiome. Read More

Mol Carcinog 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Read More

ACS Macro Lett 2015 Mar 13;4(3):275-279. Epub 2015 Feb 13.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.

Despite the promising potential of intracortical microelectrodes, current designs suffer from short functional lifetimes, due in large part to the neuroinflammatory response to the implanted devices. An increasing body of literature is beginning to link neuroinflammatory-mediated oxidative damage to both the loss of neuronal structures around the implanted microelectrodes, and the degradation/corrosion of electrode materials. The goal of this viewpoint paper was to summarize the current progress toward understanding the role of oxidative damage to neurons and microelectrodes. Read More

Mol Biol Rep 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.

Current and advanced breeding tools are being used to improve economically important horticultural crops to meet the consumers' needs and preferences. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is an extremely useful tool in the investigation and analysis of the genetic diversity of different cultivars. Based on a broad range of genetic backgrounds like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), GBS is known as a novel technique to facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions robustly linked with interested traits compared to genome-wide association study (GWAS) and QTL. Read More

Neurochem Res 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common central nervous system disorder (CNS) characterized by cell loss in the substantia nigra. Severe loss of dopaminergic neurons and Lewy body formation with α-synuclein inclusions are the main neuropathological features of PD. There's currently no cure for PD, but treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life. Read More

Heart Vessels 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan.

Despite advances in medicine, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an increasing health concern associated with a high mortality rate. Research has shown sex-based differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with HF; however, definitive biomarkers for poor clinical outcomes of HFpEF in women are unavailable. We focused on the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), a biomarker for malnutrition and inflammation and investigated its usefulness as a predictor of clinical outcomes of HFpEF in women. Read More

MAGMA 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Radiology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Multiparametric MRI of the prostate gland has become the initial evaluation of biopsy naïve men with a clinical suspicion for prostate cancer. PI-RADS 2.1 is a joint initiative and framework for prostate MRI acquisition and reporting, which aims to standardize technique and interpretation across centers. Read More

Spine Deform 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Norton Leatherman Spine Center, 210 East Gray Street, Suite 900, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.

The use of anterior spinal surgery for the treatment of spinal pathology has experienced a dramatic increase over the past decade. Long relegated to treat complicated anterior pathologies it has returned to mainstream spine surgery techniques for all types of conditions, providing a significant boost to the spine surgeons' armamentarium to address a wide variety of types of spinal diseases more effectively. Anterior surgery is useful whenever there is significant spinal pathology that requires direct visualization of the anterior vertebral column to best restore spinal alignment, structural integrity and neurologic function. Read More

Heart Fail Rev 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/NYC H+H/Queens, New York, NY, USA.

Cardiac amyloidosis is one of the most common infiltrative cardiomyopathies that is characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar protein. Several studies have previously found that patients with amyloid in the past have performed poorly after heart transplantation. Recent advancements in treatments have been made that have significantly improved outcomes in these patients. Read More

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

In the 1970s, an unknown virus was suspected for documented cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis, a phenomenon called non-A, non-B hepatitis. In 1989, the infectious transmissible agent was identified and named hepatitis C virus (HCV) and, soon enough, the first diagnostic HCV antibody test was developed, which led to a dramatic decrease in new infections. Today, HCV infection remains a global health burden and a major cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Read More

NPJ Microgravity 2022 May 20;8(1):16. Epub 2022 May 20.

NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 E. NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.

In many ways, plumbing is essential to life support. In fact, the advance of humankind on Earth is directly linked to the advance of clean, healthy, reliable plumbing solutions. Shouldn't this also be true for the advancement of humankind in space? Unfortunately, the reliability of even the simplest plumbing element aboard spacecraft is rarely that of its terrestrial counterpart. Read More

Nat Commun 2022 May 20;13(1):2820. Epub 2022 May 20.

Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.

Being able to predict the failure of materials based on structural information is a fundamental issue with enormous practical and industrial relevance for the monitoring of devices and components. Thanks to recent advances in deep learning, accurate failure predictions are becoming possible even for strongly disordered solids, but the sheer number of parameters used in the process renders a physical interpretation of the results impossible. Here we address this issue and use machine learning methods to predict the failure of simulated two dimensional silica glasses from their initial undeformed structure. Read More

Prog Retin Eye Res 2022 May 17:101067. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Early development of the fovea has been documented by histological studies over the past few decades. However, structural distortion due to sample processing and the paucity of high-quality post-mortem tissue has limited the effectiveness of this approach. With the continuous progress in high-resolution non-invasive imaging technology, most notably optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A), in vivo visualization of the developing retina has become possible. Read More

Blood Rev 2022 May 16:100972. Epub 2022 May 16.

Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address:

The last decade has seen large increases in the number of patients registered with heritable platelet disorders in national databases of bleeding disorders. Although individually rare, collectively they are a relatively common cause of heritable bleeding. This revolution has come about through the application of high-throughput sequencing strategies and efforts to standardize diagnostic testing. Read More

Trends Biotechnol 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Wound Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. Electronic address:

An ideal molecular diagnostic method should be sensitive, specific, low cost, rapid, portable, and easy to operate. Traditional nucleic acid detection methods based mainly on PCR technology have not only high sensitivity and specificity, but also some limitations, such as the need for expensive equipment and skilled technicians, being both time and labor intensive, and difficult to implement in some regions. However, with the continuous development of CRISPR-Cas technology and its application in molecular diagnosis, new approaches have been used for the construction of molecular diagnostic systems. Read More