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Mol Clin Oncol 2019 May 12;10(5):492-496. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Inter-Divisional Urology Clinic (Perugia-Terni), Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, I-06156 Perugia, Italy.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare mesenchymal tumour with benign biological behaviour that is mainly composed of mature adipose and myeloid tissue. Both sexes are equally affected, most commonly between the fifth and seventh decades of life. The diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma is mostly incidental. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(8):e14625

Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research.

Rationale: Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign hormone-inactive tumor composed of hematopoietic tissue and mature adipose tissue. Because this tumor tends to be rich in fat, in many cases it can be diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings alone. However, in the presence of much necrosis, calcification and hematopoietic tissue and/or the absence of much fat, and in cases with tumor apoplexy, this tumor becomes difficult to differentiate from other tumors. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2019 Apr 28;49(4):917-926. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

This article proposes a consensus nomenclature for fat-containing renal and adrenal masses at MRI to reduce variability, improve understanding, and enhance communication when describing imaging findings. The MRI appearance of "macroscopic fat" occurs due to a sufficient number of aggregated adipocytes and results in one or more of: 1) intratumoral signal intensity (SI) loss using fat-suppression techniques, or 2) chemical shift artifact of the second kind causing linear or curvilinear India-ink (etching) artifact within or at the periphery of a mass at macroscopic fat-water interfaces. "Macroscopic fat" is most commonly observed in adrenal myelolipoma and renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and only rarely encountered in other adrenal cortical tumors and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Read More

Gynecol Endocrinol 2019 Jan 7:1-5. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

a Department of Endocrinology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , PR China.

17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17-OHD) is a rare disease caused by mutations of the CYP17A1 gene. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) rarely occurs in adults. There are occasional reports of adrenal myelolipoma (AML) in 17-OHD. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018 Sep;8(8):853-875

Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.

Besides ultrasound and nuclear medicine techniques, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used to examine adrenal lesions in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Some adrenal lesions have characteristic radiological features. If an adrenal nodule is discovered incidentally, determining whether the lesion is benign or malignant is of great importance. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2018 Oct 11;13(5):999-1002. Epub 2018 Aug 11.

Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WB, West Midlands, UK.

We are reporting a case of co-existing left sided pelvic and right sided adrenal myelolipomas in a 68-year-old male patient. Both lesions were incidentally discovered on CT whilst undergoing a staging scan for suspected urinary bladder cancer. The patient had a background of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Read More

Front Oncol 2018 3;8:251. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Department of Pathology, Detroit Medical Centre, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.

Myelolipomas are uncommon, benign tumors which typically occur in the adrenal glands and consist of mature adipose tissue and benign hematopoietic components. Myelolipomas can occur outside of the adrenal glands, but the presacral region, retroperitoneum, pelvis, and mediastinum are unusual locations for these tumors. It is important to recognize this entity in these locations since they can attain massive sizes leading to pressure symptoms and need to be differentiated from the malignant tumors like liposarcomas. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2018 11;2018:4854368. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Department of Surgery 1, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.

We herein present a surgically treated case of huge adrenal myelolipoma. A 62-year-old woman presented to our surgical outpatient clinic with a retroperitoneal tumor. A clinical examination revealed an elastic soft, smooth-surfaced, painless, child-head-sized tumor with poor mobility, which was located in the left upper abdomen. Read More

Surg Endosc 2018 Nov 25;32(11):4649-4657. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Department of General Surgery, Grant Government Medical College & Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, 6th floor, Hospital Building, Sir JJ Hospital Campus, Sir JJ Marg, Byculla, Mumbai, 400008, India.

Background: Indo-Cyanine Green Fluorescence is an emerging technology with more frequent use in laparoscopic and robotic surgery. It relies on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence to demonstrate tissue perfusion with demarcation of tissue planes and vascular pedicles. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of this technology in laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA). Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019 Jan;44(1):154-179

National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Medical Imaging Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Bilateral adrenal abnormalities are not infrequently encountered during routine daily radiology practice. The differential diagnoses of bilateral adrenal abnormalities include neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. The bilateral adrenal tumors include metastasis, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and myelolipoma. Read More

Nephrology (Carlton) 2018 06;23(6):604-605

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Aug;43(8):602-603

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL.

A 66-year old woman had a left breast mass. Biopsy showed invasive ductal carcinoma. A PET/CT scan demonstrated hypermetabolism in the left breast and atypical heterogeneously increased uptake throughout the skeleton as well as a minimally FDG-avid right adrenal myelolipoma. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Apr;97(15):e0337

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital.

Rationale: Extra-adrenal myelolipoma in the presacral area often raises a concern for liposarcoma because they have similar radiologic features.

Patient Concerns: A 70-year-old woman with multiple abdominal surgeries in the past presented with persistent lower abdominal pain and anemia. A presacral mass, found on a pelvic magnetic resonance image (MRI), was suspicious of liposarcoma, as it is the most common fat containing mass in the presacral area. Read More

Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2018 Nov - Dec;37(6):395-396. Epub 2018 Apr 7.

Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España.

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Jun;43(6):e192-e194

Distinguishing adrenal incidentalomas (5% of all abdominal CT scans) from metastasis is a frequent diagnostic challenge in primary malignancies with a propensity for adrenal spread, such as lung cancer. Adrenal myelolipoma and adenoma can be definitively characterized as benign by demonstrating gross and microscopic fat, respectively, on CT and MRI and an absence of abnormal uptake on PET. Unfortunately, adrenal sampling is frequently necessary in indeterminate cases for adequate staging of extra-adrenal primary malignancy. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017 18;28:153. Epub 2017 Oct 18.

Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Laboratoire PCIM, FMPM, Université Cadi Ayyad, CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign non secreting tumor. It is often unexpectedly detected. Pathophysiologically, it is adrenal cortex cell metaplasia into reticuloendothelial cells, resulting from infection, chronic stress or adrenal gland degeneration. Read More

Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2018 Apr 7;79(2):75-81. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, PR China. Electronic address:

Ectopic adrenal adenoma causing chronic Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare phenomenon. Diagnosis is usually made years after disease onset because of the insidious nature of the ectopic adrenal gland and because it overlaps with common symptoms, such as overweight and hypertension, in the general population (Kreitschmann-Andermahr et al., 2015). Read More

Endocr Pract 2018 Jun 2;24(6):606. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

From the 1The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(52):e9455

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Internal Medicine.

Rationale: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare benign tumors, composed of a variable mixture of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic tissue. These tumors are frequently detected incidentally and are usually asymptomatic, and hormonally inactive.

Patient Concerns: During a routine health checkup, a 52-year-old man was found to have a tumor on the bilateral adrenal glands. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jan 23;2018. Epub 2018 Jan 23.

Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

A 40-year-old normotensive woman presented with abnormal facial hair for 4 years and amenorrhoea for 13 years. Hormonal, biochemical and haematological evaluation showed isolated elevation of serum testosterone and free testosterone. Her follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone were in the premenopausal range. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2017 Nov;63(11):475-478

The Department of Urology, Daiyukai Daiichi Hospital.

A 35-year-old man wasreferred to our hospital for treatment of a right adrenal tumor detected by ultrasonography during a physical check-up. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a poorly enhanced 74 mm tumor situated adjacent to the upper pole of the right kidney. The tumor consisted of fat with peripheral calcification. Read More

Endocrine 2018 01 21;59(1):7-15. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46., Budapest, 1088, Hungary.

Introduction: Adrenal myelolipoma is an invariably benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland that is the second most common primary adrenal incidentaloma following adrenocortical adenomas. It is composed of elements of adipose tissue and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Hypotheses on stem cells and hormonal factors have been formulated regarding its pathogenesis that is still obscure. Read More

World J Nucl Med 2017 Oct-Dec;16(4):271-274

The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

With the widespread use of 2-deoxy-2-(F) fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in oncologic imaging, it has become increasingly important for physicians who interpret FDG PET/CT scans to confidently recognize the spectrum of incidentally encountered benign and malignant findings. The adrenal glands represent an interesting nexus of multiple rare and common benign intrinsic tumors as well as metastases from a variety of primary malignancies. Given the breadth of adrenal gland pathology, careful description of the FDG PET/CT appearance of these pathologies is of value to help reduce misinterpretation. Read More

Ann Pathol 2017 Oct 19;37(5):415-419. Epub 2017 Sep 19.

Département de biopathologie cellulaire et tissulaire des tumeurs, équipe médicale anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche cedex 5, 34295 Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon, France.

Hepatic myelolipoma is a rare entity with only 17 cases described in the literature. A 73mm right liver mass was fortuitously discovered in a 55-year-old man. The biopsy showed normal hepatic tissue adjacent to a normal medular like hematopoïetic tissue, showing trilieage hematopoieses, including myeloid cells, erythroid cells and megakaryocytic cells. Read More

Endocrine 2017 Nov 2;58(2):289-294. Epub 2017 Sep 2.

Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Purpose: Adrenal myelolipomas are uncommon, benign tumors of the adrenal glands that are not routinely evaluated for autonomous hormone secretion or followed by repeat imaging, but may lead to retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Little is known about the natural history these tumors with the majority of previous publications being confined to case reports and small case series.

Methods: We reviewed the computed tomography (CT) reports of 62,279 patients evaluated at a tertiary referral center between 2002 and 2015 for the presence of an adrenal myelolipoma >1 cm in size. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Aug 16;2017. Epub 2017 Aug 16.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, IPGME&R/SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Primary adrenal myelolipomas, relatively rare benign tumours of the adrenal cortex are typically unilateral, hormonally inactive and asymptomatic, hence often diagnosed as 'adrenal incidentaloma'. Bilateral adrenal myelolipomas, in particular, may be associated with underlying endocrinopathies associated with elevated circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration. Subclinical cortisol hypersecretion, irrespective of its ACTH dependency, does not manifest typical clinical phenotype of hypercortisolemia, and thus termed subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Read More

F1000Res 2017 18;6:1140. Epub 2017 Jul 18.

WONCA Polaris - USA, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand.

: Adrenal incidentaloma refers to the incidental finding of a tumor in the adrenal gland, where nonfunctional forms are the most common variant. Myelolipoma is a rare (0.08-0. Read More

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017 09 12;46(3):741-759. Epub 2017 Jun 12.

Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, B1G503, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA. Electronic address:

Cross-sectional imaging can make a specific diagnosis in lesions, such as myelolipomas, cysts, and hemorrhage, and is often sufficient to distinguish benign from malignant adrenal processes. CT and MRI are useful studies to identify pheochromocytomas and cortisol-secreting or androgen-secreting tumors. In patients with primary aldosteronism, adrenal venous sampling remains the most accurate localizing study and should be performed in all patients older than 35. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2017 Aug 29;93:185-194. Epub 2017 May 29.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Objective: To describe the imaging characteristics of extra-adrenal myelolipoma and mass-forming extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurring in the presacral region.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review between 1980 and 2015 revealed 11 patients with biopsy-proven presacral extra-adrenal myelolipoma and 11 patients with presacral EMH and radiologic imaging studies.

Results: All cases of both myelolipoma and EMH directly abutted the anterior sacrum and were centered on the midline. Read More

Radiology 2017 07;284(1):292-296

From the Departments of Radiology (J.T., E.M.G.) and Histopathology (S.M., H.E.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England.

History A 30-year-old man presented to the emergency department with epigastric pain. He was vomiting and in distress, and he had a history of thalassemia. Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Read More

Magy Seb 2017 03;70(1):74-77

Patológiai Intézet, Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar 6725 Szeged, Állomás u. 1.

Case Report: A 71-year-old male with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis was treated in summer of 2015. The CT scan has revealed a mass on the right side of 11th thoracic vertebra in the adipose tissue with a sharp edge towards the lung and containing a small amount of contrast agent. The radiologist recommended histological sampling of the mass. Read More

Endocr Regul 2017 Jan;51(1):35-51

The term "adrenal incidentaloma" is a radiological term. Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal tumors discovered in an imaging study that has been obtained for indications exclusive to adrenal conditions (Udelsman 2001; Linos 2003; Bulow et al. 2006; Anagnostis et al. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2017 03 31;24(3):R65-R79. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Cancer Molecular PathologyMenzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia

Adrenal lipomatous tumour is a group of adrenal tumours with a significant component of adipose tissue. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of endocrine organs, adrenal myelolipoma is the only entity amongst the group of tumours being described. In the literature, other more recently documented adrenal lipomatous tumours included 24 lipomas, 32 teratomas and 16 angiomyolipomas. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2017 Mar 4;87:256-262. Epub 2017 Jan 4.

Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.

Adrenal lesions are routinely encountered incidentally in clinical practice. Although most of these lesions are benign, malignancy needs to be excluded. Therefore, the initial clinical workup is to exclude aggressive characteristics suggesting malignancy and to identify characteristics predictive of the most common benign lesion, an adrenal adenoma. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2017 Jan;103(1):e81

Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address:

J Surg Res 2017 01 31;207:131-137. Epub 2016 Aug 31.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, West-China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

Extra-adrenal myelolipoma happens in adrenal glands, and the thoracic location is extremely unusual. This is the first study involving 36 of patients with thoracic myelolipoma of English literature by investigating the clinical data, pathologic findings, radiological manifestation, and treatment strategy of all patients. Imageologic diagnosis including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans is useful to identify the feature of extra-adrenal myelolipoma. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2016 Nov;22(43):9654-9660

Shao-Yan Xu, Hai-Yang Xie, Lin Zhou, Shu-Sen Zheng, Wei-Lin Wang, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.

Myelolipoma is a rare tumor composed of fat and bone marrow components, most of which are located in the adrenal gland. Myelolipoma in the liver is extremely rare. To date, only 10 cases have been reported in the English-language medical literature. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2016;76(4):249-50

Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign, non-functioning tumor. It is composed by fat and hematopoietic tissues. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with diagnosis of a 14 cm diameter non-functioning right adrenal incidentaloma, with imaging features suggestive of myelolipoma. Read More

J Med Primatol 2016 08 8;45(4):202-5. Epub 2016 Jul 8.

Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.

Two cases of hepatic myelolipoma in Goeldi's monkeys from South America are described. One was a female evaluated due progressive abdominal distension. Ultrasound and computed tomography detected hepatic mass. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jun 15;2016. Epub 2016 Jun 15.

Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, IPGME&R/SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Adrenal myelolipomas are infrequently encountered benign tumours of unknown aetiology. In the majority of cases they are unilateral, and clinically and hormonally silent, only requiring periodic follow-up. However, bilateral adrenal myelolipomas are sometimes associated with endocrine disorders and warrant appropriate evaluation. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2016 Jun 7;11(1):91. Epub 2016 Jun 7.

Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue and normal hematopoietic tissue. Although surgical resection has been recommended due to the potential of progressive enlargement, the natural history of mediastinal myelolipoma has not yet been described. Herein we report a surgically resected mediastinal myelolipoma showing gradual enlargement over a period of 9 years. Read More

Radiographics 2016 May-Jun;36(3):710-34

From the Department of Radiology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, 1A71, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 (A.M.S., M.R., P.J.W.); Imaging Department, U.S. Air Force Academy Medical Clinic, USAF Academy, Colorado Springs, Colo (M.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.).

The complex anatomy of the retroperitoneum is reflected in the spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions that can occur in the retroperitoneum and appear as soft-tissue masses. The presence of fat within a retroperitoneal lesion is helpful in refining the differential diagnosis. Fat is easily recognized because of its characteristic imaging appearance. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2016 Mar;66(3):342-4

Department of Urology, the Indus Hospital, Karachi.

Adrenal myelolipomas are rare non functional benign tumours which are incidentally diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. Despite the fact that several theories have been discussed, the origin of myelolipoma remains unclear. Our patient, 19 years old male presented with history of abdominal pain for past 7 years. Read More

Indian J Cancer 2015 Jul-Sep;52(3):475-8

Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Introduction: Most of the adrenal masses are discovered incidentally by imaging techniques for reasons unrelated to adrenal diseases. Treatment is based on various factors such as, nature of adrenal mass, age of presentation, size of tumor, and the functional status of tumor. We report a series of 14 consecutive cases of adrenal tumors treated in a single surgical unit in our hospital. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2016 Jan 13;11. Epub 2016 Jan 13.

Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Myelolipoma is an uncommon tumor comprising adipose tissue and normal hematopoietic cells and mainly occurs in the adrenal cortex. Mediastinal myelolipoma is very rare; we report a case of posterior mediastinal myelolipoma that required surgical resection.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old male was diagnosed with a posterior mediastinal tumor by computed tomography. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2015 28;2015:150079. Epub 2015 Aug 28.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin , USA.

Unlabelled: Myelolipomas have been reported in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). ACTH excess, as seen with non-adherence to glucocorticoid therapy, may be responsible for tumor development. We report a case of a 51-year-old man with classic salt-wasting CAH managed on prednisone 7. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2015 Sep;3(9):853-60

Yu Yang, Lin-Yang Ye, Bo Yu, Jia-Xiang Guo, Qian Liu, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.

Primary adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, non-functioning adrenal benign tumor that is composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of haemopoietic elements. Clinically, it is difficult to get diagnosed with adrenal myelolipoma because the patient usually doesn't have obvious symptoms and signs in early stage. In the present study, two cases of primary bilateral adrenal myelolipomas are reported. Read More

J Med Assoc Thai 2015 Jun;98(6):621-7

Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcome of arterial embolization in adrenal tumor

Material And Method: Clinical records of patients with adrenal tumor who underwent adrenal arterial embolization with pre- and post-embolization computed tomography (CT) imaging at Siriraj Hospital, between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Five sessions of embolization were performed in three patients. The superior adrenal artery was occluded in two patients, the middle adrenal artery in two sessions in one patient, and inferior adrenal artery in two patients. Read More

Surg Endosc 2016 Feb 22;30(2):657-662. Epub 2015 Jul 22.

Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Background: To investigate the feasibility of a method for intraoperative tumor localization and tissue distinction during robotic adrenalectomy (RA) via indocyanine green (ICG) imaging under near-infrared light.

Methods: Ten patients underwent RA. After exposure of the retroperitoneal space, but before adrenal dissection was started, ICG was given intravenously (IV). Read More

J Gastrointest Cancer 2016 Sep;47(3):331-5

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.