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Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022 Jan-Feb;26(1):73-78. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Context: Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are seen in around 2% of apparently healthy individuals. These require careful evaluation for the hormone excess state and the presence of malignancy prior to intervention.

Aims: To study the clinical, biochemical, and imaging characteristics of the patients with AI and correlate the diagnosis with the histopathology findings in patients undergoing surgery. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 May 26;23:e936005. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Myelolipoma is a benign tumor, commonly found in the supra-renal gland, which is composed of mature fatty tissue admixed with hematopoietic elements. However, there are several extra-adrenal sites reported in the literature and thoracic myelolipoma is an unusual location for extra-adrenal myelolipoma. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 71-year-old man previously diagnosed with hypertension who was admitted due to a motor vehicle injury with a lumbar spine fracture. Read More

J Vet Sci 2022 May 1;23(3):e42. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

A 1-year-old male Persian cat was presented for castration. Liver incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) was diagnosed through pre-anesthetic tests. Multiple homogeneous hyperechoic nodules in the hepatic parenchyma were identified using ultrasound. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar 14;33(1):155-196. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

The new WHO classification of adrenal cortical proliferations reflects translational advances in the fields of endocrine pathology, oncology and molecular biology. By adopting a question-answer framework, this review highlights advances in knowledge of histological features, ancillary studies, and associated genetic findings that increase the understanding of the adrenal cortex pathologies that are now reflected in the 2022 WHO classification. The pathological correlates of adrenal cortical proliferations include diffuse adrenal cortical hyperplasia, adrenal cortical nodular disease, adrenal cortical adenomas and adrenal cortical carcinomas. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Mar 9;75:103333. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Surgical Oncology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Regional Oncology Center, Oujda, Morocco.

Introduction: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare non-functioning benign tumors composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissues. Most AMLs are discovered incidentally and represent the second most common adrenal incidentaloma.

Case Presentation: A 58-years-old female patient, obese with a history of diabetes and blood hypertension presented with complaints of pain in the left flank. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Dec 7;89:106662. Epub 2021 Dec 7.

Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, India.

Introduction And Importance: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, benign tumours with an incidence of 0.08-0.2%. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Dec 9;14(12). Epub 2021 Dec 9.

Department of Gastroenterology, IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Mayo Clin Proc 2021 12;96(12):3186-3187

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

AACE Clin Case Rep 2021 Nov-Dec;7(6):385-386. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Rofo 2022 01 4;194(1):7-10. Epub 2021 Nov 4.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Gießen, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany.

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Oct 13;14(10). Epub 2021 Oct 13.

Department of Faculty Therapy # 2, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.

Br J Radiol 2022 Jan 18;95(1129):20210555. Epub 2021 Oct 18.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Objectives: Adrenal adenoma with myelolipomatous degeneration (AMD) is a rarely reported and often overlooked entity. The aim of this study is to improve understanding of these lesions by characterizing the imaging findings with pathologic and clinical correlation.

Methods: In the largest series to date, we report 11 nodules in 11 patients confirmed with a pathologic diagnosis of AMD. Read More

Cureus 2021 Aug 21;13(8):e17353. Epub 2021 Aug 21.

Abdominal Imaging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.

Myelolipomas are rare benign tumors made up of adipose and hematopoietic tissue that commonly occur in the adrenal glands unilaterally. Spontaneous hemorrhage occurs in < 5% of these tumors, and often present as large masses. A 50-year-old male presented with right flank pain that had been growing increasingly worse over a two-week period. Read More

Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2021 Apr-Jun;17(1):111-116

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Patna, Bihar, India.

Context: On naked eye examination adrenal myelolipoma (AML) tissue appears to be an ectopic adrenal or renal tissue, based on the similarity to their external texture. This necessitates a histo-pathological study for confirming the origin of the tissue.

Objective: To establish the origin and histological features of the incidental AML tissue found during cadaveric dissection and review the literature for similar findings with clinical picture and treatment description. Read More

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021 11 24;9(11):767-775. Epub 2021 Aug 24.

Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Adrenal myelolipomas are benign, lipomatous tumours with elements of myeloid cells, most of which present as adrenal incidentalomas and comprise 3·3-6·5% of all adrenal masses. Adrenal myelolipomas are usually unilateral (in 95% of cases), variable in size, most often found during midlife, and affect both sexes almost equally. On imaging, adrenal myelolipomas show pathognomonic imaging features consistent with the presence of macroscopic fat. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Jul 4;15(1):333. Epub 2021 Jul 4.

Department of Pathology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Background: Adrenal incidentalomas are often found during investigation for another tumor or unrelated problems. Except for adrenal myelolipoma (second most common primary adrenal incidentaloma following adrenocortical adenomas), adrenal lipomatous tumors are uncommon generally and are often described as case reports in the literature. Since the amount of fat is variable, without the help of advanced imaging techniques, some adrenal lipomatous tumors may be misdiagnosed before pathologic examination. Read More

Pathol Res Pract 2021 Aug 6;224:153508. Epub 2021 Jun 6.

Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.

Most adrenal incidentalomas are non-functioning adenomas that require no treatment. The presence of a myelolipomatous component of adrenal incidentalomas is a rare, but well-known occurrence in both hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the adrenal cortex. Although the improvements in abdominal imaging have increased identification of myelolipomatous adrenal cortical adenomas radiologically, due to the rarity of this lesion, the clinical pathological features of these lesions are unclear and can sometimes cause diagnostic difficulty. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2021 May 24:1-4. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Myelolipoma is a benign tumor containing mature adipose cells and a combination of myeloid and erythroid elements. This tumor is typically found in the adrenal glands; however, it has been detected outside the adrenal glands in rare cases. We report an extremely rare case of myelolipoma in the lumbar spine causing significant neural compression due to the involvement of the posterior spinal elements. Read More

Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2021 Jan-Mar;11(1):60-62. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.

Myelolipoma of the kidney is a very rare benign disease which is composed of mature adipose tissue admixed with mature hematopoietic elements in varying proportions. The most common location of myelolipoma is in the adrenal glands, but extra-adrenal myelolipomas in other locations such as the retroperitoneum, presacral region, pelvis, and mediastinum has also been reported. In this case report, we present a case of huge extra-adrenal myelolipoma in renal parenchyma which is rare site for its origin. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021 09 8;46(9):4345-4352. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of dual-layer dual-energy CT (dlDECT) in the evaluation of adrenal nodules.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 66 patients with triphasic dlDECT (unenhanced, venous phase (VP), delayed phase (DP)) for suspected adrenal lesions were included. Virtual unenhanced images (VUE) were derived from VP acquisitions. Read More

Curr Probl Cancer 2021 12 6;45(6):100724. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Department of Pathology, Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is a benign tumor that consists of mature adipose tissue and bone marrow elements. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman who presented with complaint of lower abdominal discomfort. Computed tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis revealed a mass in the left adrenal measuring 2. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 4;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

We present a unique case of metachronous adrenal and hepatic myelolipomas in a 62-year-old man. Myelolipomas are most commonly found in the adrenal gland, with extra-adrenal sites such as the lung, retroperitoneum and liver reported. They are a form of benign mesenchymal tumour, with only 25 case reports of a hepatic location published to date. Read More

Georgian Med News 2021 Jan(310):7-11

Sakarya University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine; Sakarya University, Turkey.

We present a case of androgen and glucocorticoid secreting adrenocortical carcinoma with concomitant myelolipoma. A giant adrenal tumor which was initially nonfunctional was reassessed four years later due to the patient's refusal to treat. The patient was a 48-year-old woman with hypertension and acne lesions on the face. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 23;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Department of Radiology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Myelolipomas are benign tumours typically occurring in the adrenal glands, made up of fat and trilineage haematopoeitic cells resembling bone marrow. Their aetiology is not well understood; however, they have a clear association with elevated serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Extra-adrenal myelolipomas are rare, and to our knowledge there are no previously reported cases of multiple enlarging hepatic and retroperitoneal myelolipomas in the setting of Cushing disease. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2021 09 12;362(3):e23-e24. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. Electronic address:

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Feb 5;16(2):364-368. Epub 2020 Dec 5.

Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, One Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65212 USA.

Myelolipomas are rare benign tumors that contain a mix of fatty and hematopoietic tissues. These tumors are frequently seen in the adrenal glands. While extra-adrenal myelolipomas are extremely rare, once identified, they are commonly found in the retroperitoneum--particularly the presacral region. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 29;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

A 38-yearr-old man presented with erectile dysfunction and infertility. On examination, he was hypertensive and detected to have a left flank mass. Blood investigations were unremarkable except raised serum noradrenaline levels. Read More

Endocr Pract 2020 Nov;26(11):1351-1365

the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; the Departement of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: The prevalence of adrenal tumors in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is uncertain. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of adrenal tumors and myelolipoma in CAH, and investigate clinical features of this population.

Methods: We carried out systematic searches in Medline Ovid and Embase for articles published until January, 2020. Read More

Gland Surg 2020 Dec;9(6):2331-2342

Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the imaging findings of adrenal lesions. Adrenal lesions could be divided into functioning or non-functioning masses, primary or metastatic, and benign or malignant. Imaging techniques have undergone significant advances in recent years. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Feb 11;16(2):396-399. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Department of Surgical Pathology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.

Ganglioneuromas are rare tumors that occur spontaneously or arise from a poorly differentiated neuroblastic tumor. Although they are typically described in the pediatric population, they can occur in adults. Ganglioneuromas are often discovered incidentally and their typical imaging appearance, although non-specific, is that of a well-defined solid mass. Read More