Eur J Endocrinol 2017 Aug 17. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

A Vaiyda, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, United States.

Objective: Germline loss-of-function mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) genes results in rare tumor syndromes that include pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and others. Here we report a case series of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) that harbor SDHx germline mutations.

Patients And Results: We report four unrelated patients with ACC and SDHx mutations. Read More

Clin Chem 2017 Aug 16. Epub 2017 Aug 16.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Background: Steroid profiling is a promising diagnostic tool for those with adrenal tumors, Cushing syndrome (CS), and disorders of steroidogenesis. Our objective was to develop a multiple-steroid assay using liquid-chromatography, high-resolution, accurate-mass mass spectrometry (HRAM LC-MS) and to validate the assay in patients with various adrenal disorders.

Methods: We collected 24-h urine samples from 114 controls and 71 patients with adrenal diseases. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2012 Feb;30(5_suppl):417

Department of Urology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany; University Hospital Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic.

417 Background: Metastases of adrenal gland occur in approximately 1.2 - 10% in kidney cancer patients. Synchronous adrenalectomy has become dispensable since studies have demonstrated no clinical benefit. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2013 Feb;31(6_suppl):404

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

404 Background: Cell cycle regulatory molecules are implicated in various stages of carcinogenesis. In this study we systematically evaluate the impact of aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators on oncological outcomes in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, immunohistochemistry for Cyclin D, Cyclin E, p16, p21, p27, p53, p57, and Ki-67 was performed on tissue microarray constructs of patients treated with radical or partial nephrectomy for ccRCC between 1997-2010. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2013 Feb;31(6_suppl):383

Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.

383 Background: 2-((18)F) fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT is a useful tool in the staging of malignancies. In patients with kidney cancer, the role of FDG is limited in those with clear-cell histology and remains to be evaluated with other subtypes. Kidney cancer associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is characterized by a defect in the Krebs cycle rendering these tumors highly dependent on aerobic glycolysis (the 'Warburg effect') with high glucose uptake to fulfill their energy requirements; we hypothesized that FDG PET/CT may have excellent sensitivity for staging in this condition. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2013 Feb;31(6_suppl):394

Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

394 Background: The skeleton and liver are frequently involved sites of metastases in patients with mRCC. Their impact on survival outcomes of patients treated with currently approved MTAs is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze patient outcomes based on the presence or absence of BM and/or LM in the era of MTAs. Read More

J Pharm Pharmacol 2017 Aug 15. Epub 2017 Aug 15.

Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Objectives: Mitotane is the reference drug for the adrenocortical carcinoma treatment; its pharmacological activity seems to depend on drug transformation in two active metabolites: o,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenylethene) and o,p'-DDA (dichlorodiphenylacetate). Mitotane and metabolites are lipophilic agents; thus, they tend to accumulate into adipose tissues (white and brown), which change their prevalence seasonally. Aim of the work was to evaluate mitotane and metabolites plasma levels variation over the year, in adrenocortical cancer patients treated with Lysodren(®) for at least 6 months. Read More

Ann Thorac Med 2017 Jul-Sep;12(3):191-198

Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Introduction: Lung cancer is among leading causes of death worldwide. Different histological types of the lung carcinoma show significant differences in behavior.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the distribution patterns of metastases of different lung cancer histological types in autopsied individuals. Read More

Oman Med J 2017 Jul;32(4):349-351

Department of Pathology, Benimessous Teaching Hospital, Algiers, Algeria.

Malignant feminizing adrenocortical tumors are exceedingly rare. Their main presentation is gynecomastia. In these estrogen secreting tumors (with or without other adrenocortical hormones) lack of gynecomastia is exceptional as in our case. Read More

Ann Clin Lab Sci 2017 Aug;47(4):457-465

Biomedical Analytics, Houston, TX, USA.

Metformin has been proposed as a novel anti-cancer drug for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) based upon Poli's recent preclinical studies that 1. "in vitro" metformin modulates the ACC cell model H295R and 2. "in vivo" metformin inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model as confirmed by a significant reduction of Ki67 [1]. Read More

Gulf J Oncolog 2017 May;1(24):20-23

1st Department of Surgical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Greece.

Introduction: Peritoneal dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare presentation with an incidence of 2-6%. The most common cause of peritoneal deposits is a ruptured HCC that results in tumor spillage into the peritoneal cavity. The overall incidence of spontaneous ruptures of HCC ranges from 5 to 15% and carries a high mortality rate of up to 50%. Read More

Br J Cancer 2017 Aug 10. Epub 2017 Aug 10.

Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK.

Background: Recent studies have shown that production of cortisol not only takes place in several non-adrenal peripheral tissues such as epithelial cells but, also, the local inter-conversion between cortisone and cortisol is regulated by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs). However, little is known about the activity of this non-adrenal glucocorticoid system in cancers.

Methods: The presence of a functioning glucocorticoid system was assessed in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma and further, in 16 epithelial cell lines from 8 different tissue types using ELISA, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Read More

Oncol Lett 2017 Aug 16;14(2):2186-2190. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari and University Hospital of Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy.

Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Resistance to sorafenib may appear under treatment and may be associated with increased aggressiveness of the neoplasia. The present study reports the case of a 65-year-old male who underwent total thyroidectomy for a follicular thyroid carcinoma, Hürthle cell variant, in February 2005. Read More

Clujul Med 2017 15;90(3):356-358. Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Department of Pediatrics II, Children's Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Over one third of pheochromocytomas are associated with germline mutations. We describe a 3 year-old girl with an inherited right adrenal malignant pheochromocytoma, with the mother diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2017 Aug 4. Epub 2017 Aug 4.

Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.

A 9-year-old, spayed female Chihuahua was presented with a 1-week history of lethargy and anorexia. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography found bilateral adrenal masses without metastasis. Serum cortisol levels that were sampled before and after an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were within reference ranges. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2017 Aug 5. Epub 2017 Aug 5.

M Terzolo, Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043, Italy.

Objective: Mitotane, a drug used to treat adrenocortical cancer (ACC), inhibits multiple enzymatic steps of adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis, potentially causing adrenal insufficiency. Recent studies in vitro have also documented a direct inhibitory effect of mitotane at the pituitary level. The present study was aimed to assess the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in ACC patients receiving mitotane. Read More

BMC Cancer 2017 Aug 4;17(1):522. Epub 2017 Aug 4.

Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

Background: Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor 5-year-survival rate (<15%). A surgical approach is recommended in selected patients if complete resection of distant metastasis can be achieved. To date there are only limited data on the outcome after surgical resection of hepatic metastases of ACC. Read More

Medwave 2017 Jul 31;17(6):e7007. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, España.

There are no approved therapeutic regimes for adrenal carcinoma following progression to a first line of chemotherapy/mitotane although a high percentage of patients are candidates to receive them. In the present article we review the possible therapeutic alternatives after the progression to a first line of treatment in patients with adrenal carcinoma and we report a case in which a prolonged overall survival is achieved, much higher than expected, probably in relation to the multidisciplinary management of the case and the use of most of the therapeutic arsenal available. Read More

PLoS One 2017 2;12(8):e0182168. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

Purpose: Circulating molecules play important roles in lung cancer diagnosis. In addition, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) have been shown to be closely related to tumor progression in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colonel cancer. However, the relationships between LDH and CK levels with metastasis occurrence and the survival status of lung cancer patients remain unclear. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Jun 1;11(6):OD13-OD14. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Attending Physician, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis from primary lung cancer is a rare clinical finding. Lung cancer most often metastasizes to the brain, bone, liver, and adrenal glands; with gastrointestinal involvement being very rare. We report a case of a 39-year-old female with a diagnosis of poorly differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the lung presenting with dizziness and melena. Read More

Urology 2017 Jul 28. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL 33331.

Objective: To present a rare case of testicular metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma origin and to provide a meaningful discussion of currently available supporting literature.

Materials And Methods: Pertinent health information was obtained by retrospective analysis of hospital electronic medical records.

Results: A 93-year-old male with history of castration resistant prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting with recurrent episodes of epididymo-orchitis with Initial symptoms responsive to oral antibiotics. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2017 Aug 1;11(1):208. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fès, Morocco.

Background: Composite pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas are very rare tumors composed of ordinary pheochromocytoma paragangliomas associated with neurogenic tumors. Several hereditary susceptibility disorders are known to be associated with pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (2A or B). To the best of our knowledge, only four cases of composite pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 have been reported. Read More

Fam Cancer 2017 Jul 29. Epub 2017 Jul 29.

Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Li-Fraumeni and Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome (LFS/LFL) are clinically heterogeneous cancer predisposition syndromes characterized by diagnosis of early-onset and often multiple cancers with variable tumor patterns and incomplete penetrance. To date, the genetic modifiers described in LFS/LFL have been shown to map to either TP53 or its main negative regulator, MDM2. Additionally, all studies were focused on families with different TP53 germline mutations. Read More

J Visc Surg 2017 Jul 25. Epub 2017 Jul 25.

Service de chirurgie digestive, hépato-biliaire et endocrinienne, hôpital Cochin, AP - HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U567, CNRS UMR8104, institut Cochin, département d'endocrinologie, métabolisme et cancer, 75014 Paris, France; Centre expert national cancer de la surrénale, 75014 Paris, France.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. The presence of a mass syndrome or signs of hormonal hypersecretion often lead to its discovery, but more and more frequently, adrenocortical malignancy is fortuitously discovered as an incidentaloma. Cross-sectional imaging (CT and MRI) often points to the malignant character of the adrenal mass. Read More

Eur Urol Focus 2017 Feb 8. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Background: The accumulation of somatic genetic alterations drives carcinogenesis. Little is known, however, about how the level of genetic alteration across an entire cancer genome affects tumor grade, stage or survival.

Objective: To investigate the influence of somatic mutation count (MC) and copy number variation (CNV) on pathologic and oncologic outcomes in patients with genitourinary malignancies in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017 Jul 24;332:15-24. Epub 2017 Jul 24.

INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada. Electronic address:

Estrogen biosynthesis during pregnancy is dependent on the collaboration between the fetus producing the androgen precursors, and the placenta expressing the enzyme aromatase (CYP19). Disruption of estrogen production by contaminants may result in serious pregnancy outcomes. We used our recently developed in vitro co-culture model of fetoplacental steroidogenesis to screen the effects of three neonicotinoid insecticides on the catalytic activity of aromatase and the production of steroid hormones. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017 Jul 25:W1-W8. Epub 2017 Jul 25.

3 Department of Radiology, The Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare MRI features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) adrenal metastases and adenomas.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen clear cell RCC adrenal metastases imaged with MRI were compared to 29 consecutive adenomas between 2006 and 2015. Two blinded radiologists assessed homogeneity (homogeneous vs heterogeneous), signal intensity (SI) decrease on chemical-shift MRI, and T2-weighted SI (isointense, mildly hyperintense, or markedly hyperintense) relative to muscle. Read More

Anticancer Res 2017 Aug;37(8):4229-4232

Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan

Background/aim: Adrenal insufficiency is one of the adverse events (AEs) associated with anti-programmed death-1 (PD1) therapy. Delaying diagnoses can lead to serious conditions. It is necessary to elucidate detailed clinical features of these AEs. Read More

Anticancer Res 2017 Aug;37(8):4223-4228

Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Aim: To investigate the discordance in the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression between primary and metastatic tumors and analyze the association between the discordance and the clinical factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-one NSCLC patients who underwent surgery or biopsy for paired primary and metastatic lesions at our Institution from 2005 to 2016 were analyzed. Lesions with the PD-L1 expression being ≥5% were considered PD-L1-positive. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jul 24;2017. Epub 2017 Jul 24.

Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Primary adrenal disorders contribute 20%â€"30% of patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Most of the primary adrenal diseases are unilateral and include adenoma and adrenocortical carcinoma, whereas bilateral adrenal lesions are uncommon and include primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia, isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease, bilateral adenomas or carcinomas, and rarely pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent adrenal nodular disease. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A signalling is the major activator of cortisol secretion in primary adrenal nodular disorders. Read More

Am Surg 2017 Jul;83(7):761-768

Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with decreased survival in pancreatic, gastric, and liver cancer. The effect of transfusion in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has not been studied. Patients with available transfusion data undergoing curative-intent resection of ACC from 1993 to 2014 at 13 institutions comprising the United States Adrenocortical Carcinoma Group were included. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2017 Sep;42(9):692-694

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome is a recognized distinct phenotypic variant of multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis. The present case reports an extremely rare case of HLRCC syndrome combined with adrenocortical carcinoma. The case suggests that HLRCC should be considered in any young patient with bulky uterine leiomyomas and renal cell cancer, and F-FDG PET/CT can help detect unexpected additional primary malignancy in a patient with known cancer. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2017 Jul 17. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Department of Hemato-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Background/purpose: Numb chin syndrome (NCS) is a critical sign of systemic malignancy; however it remains largely unknown by clinicians and dentists. The aim of this study was to investigate NCS that is more often associated with metastatic cancers than with benign diseases.

Methods: Sixteen patients with NCS were diagnosed and treated. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2017 Jun 14;43. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

Unidade de Suprerrenal da Divisão de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of ARDT after surgical resection of ACC.

Materials And Methods: Records of patients from our institutional ACC database were retrospectively assessed. A paired comparison analysis was used to evaluate the oncological outcomes between patients treated with surgery followed by ARDT or surgery only (control). Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2017 May-Jun;28(3):344-347

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Oral cavity is a rare target for metastasis with an incidence of 1% among all oral cancers. In 24% of such cases, oral metastasis is the first indication of an undiagnosed primary. Metastatic oral malignancies have been reported in the mandible, tongue, and gingiva. Read More

Br J Pharmacol 2017 Jul 14. Epub 2017 Jul 14.

Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0650.

Background And Purpose: To further the development of new agents for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), we characterized the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytotoxicity by the adrenalytic compound ATR-101 (PD132301-02).

Experimental Approach: We compared the effects of ATR-101, PD129337, and ABC transporter inhibitors, on cholesterol accumulation and efflux, on cortisol secretion, on ATP levels, and on caspase activation in ACC-derived cell lines. We examined the effects of these compounds in combination with methyl-β-cyclodextrin and with exogenous cholesterol to determine the roles of altered cholesterol levels in the effects of these compounds. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2017 Jul 13. Epub 2017 Jul 13.

Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, Athens 11527, Greece.

Background: Treatment of adrenal metastasis from lung carcinoma may prolong survival in the selected patients. However, not all patients can undergo surgery; thus, minimally invasive ablation procedures such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) have gained acceptance as alternative treatment methods. This study summarized a 5-year single-center experience regarding the evaluation of safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided thermal ablation in the management of adrenal metastasis originating from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Read More

Case Rep Surg 2017 19;2017:8231943. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Mishima General Hospital, 2276 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-0801, Japan.

Background: Hepatic adrenal rest tumors are rare and show similar findings to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is difficult to distinguish an adrenal rest tumor from HCC due to radiological similarity. We report a case of an adrenal rest tumor in the liver that mimicked HCC radiologically. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jul 13;2017. Epub 2017 Jul 13.

Department of Oncology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the rarest tumour of the thyroid gland, representing only 2% of clinically recognised thyroid cancers. The most common metastatic sites are lungs, followed by the intrathoracic and neck lymph nodes. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented to our setting with multiple soft tissue nodules, thyroid mass, head swelling and weight loss. Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017 May-Jun;61(3):305-312

Unidade de Suprarrenal, Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular - LIM42, Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension (HTN), with an estimated prevalence of 4% of hypertensive patients in primary care and around 10% of referred patients. Patients with PA have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than age- and sex-matched patients with essential HTN and the same degree of blood pressure elevation. PA is characterized by an autonomous aldosterone production causing sodium retention, plasma renin supression, HTN, cardiovascular damage, and increased potassium excretion, leading to variable degrees of hypokalemia. Read More

Pathol Oncol Res 2017 Jul 10. Epub 2017 Jul 10.

Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are common adrenal tumors. The majority of ACTs are non-functioning and benign, while adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are rare, usually very aggressive and often metastasized when first diagnosed. Our aim was to assess whether blood and lymph vessel density within ACTs correlate with the malignancy character or tumor functionality. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2017 Jul 7. Epub 2017 Jul 7.

Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.

Background: Adrenal incidentalomas are increasingly diagnosed and include a wide spectrum of lesions from benign adenomas to secreting or malignant lesions. The aim of the present study is to report a large single-institution experience of patients undergoing surgery for adrenal incidentaloma with particular attention to their diagnosis and post-operative course and the evolution of surgical practice over time.

Methods: From 1993 to 2013, 274 patients underwent adrenalectomy for incidentaloma. Read More

Clin Radiol 2017 Jun 30. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Aim: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) with computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing hepatic nodules (10-20 mm) detected in cirrhotic livers.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five patients with liver cirrhosis and a solitary nodule (10-20 mm in diameter) detected via ultrasound surveillance, underwent hepatic CT and fine-needle biopsy. All the CT images were analysed and the lesions were categorised into five categories according to the LI-RADS. Read More

J Surg Oncol 2017 Sep 3;116(3):427-433. Epub 2017 Jul 3.

Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.

Background: The authors have examined the immunohistochemical expression of several proteins and their relationship with adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) diagnosis and progression.

Materials And Methods: A total of 83 patients with benign and malignant adrenal cortex tumors operated on in a single center were included in the study. Expression of the following proteins was examined: steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2), Ki67, p53, as well as adiponectin (Adipo R1, Adipo R2), and leptin (Ob-R) receptors. Read More

Pak J Pharm Sci 2017 May;30(3(Special)):1191-1194

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine), Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the tongue is very rare. We here present a SCNEC impatient with distant metastasis. A 74-year-old Chinese male went to hospital to treat a tongue tumor, which was founded at a conventional physical examination in Weifang Stomatology Hospital. Read More

BMC Urol 2017 Jun 29;17(1):49. Epub 2017 Jun 29.

Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2320024, Japan.

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reported as a biomarker for some solid malignant diseases. Thus far, however, no reports of the relationship between the NLR and adrenal tumors have been published. We analyzed the utility of the preoperative NLR as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis or diagnosis of malignant disease. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017 4;2017:1657310. Epub 2017 Jun 4.

Department of General Surgery, Damascus University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. On the other hand, unexpected metastasis (UM) spread to uncommon sites has increasingly reported and consequently affected the pathway of diagnosis, staging, and management. Using the PubMed database, a systematic search of the following headings "Esophageal" and "Metastasis" or "Metastases" was performed, 10049 articles were identified, and the articles were included if they demonstrated unexpected ECM. Read More

Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017 Jun;72(6):391-394

Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.

Objectives:: Transcription Factor 21 represses steroidogenic factor 1, a nuclear receptor required for gonadal development, sex determination and the regulation of adrenogonadal steroidogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether silencing or overexpression of the gene Transcription Factor 21 could modulate the gene and protein expression of steroidogenic factor 1 in adrenocortical tumors.

Methods:: We analyzed the gene expression of steroidogenic factor 1 using qPCR after silencing endogenous Transcription Factor 21 in pediatric adrenal adenoma-T7 cells through small interfering RNA. Read More