Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Vascular calcification (VC) plays as a critical role on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and acts as a notable risk factor in cardiovascular system. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification can be triggered by high phosphate treatment; however, the explicit mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we isolated VSMCs from primary rat artery, applied β-GP (β-glycerophosphate) for inducing VSMCs calcification in vitro to explore the mechanism of phosphate-induced calcification in VSMCs. Read More

J Virol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Dept. of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Belgium.

Since the 1970s, replication-competent human adenoviruses 4 and 7 have been used as oral vaccines to protect US soldiers against the severe respiratory diseases caused by these viruses. These vaccines are thought to establish a digestive tract infection conferring protection against respiratory challenge through antibodies. The success of these vaccines makes replication-competent adenoviruses attractive candidates for use as oral vaccine vectors. Read More

J Contam Hydrol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.

Reduction of viral surrogates (bacteriophage MS2 and murine norovirus-1 [MNV-1]) and viruses naturally present in wastewater (enteroviruses, adenoviruses, Aichi viruses, reovirus, pepper mild mottle virus) was studied in a long-term experiment simulating soil-aquifer treatment of a non-disinfected secondary treated wastewater effluent blend using a 4.4 m deep saturated soil column (95% sand, 4% silt, 1% clay) with a hydraulic residence time of 15.4 days under predominantly anoxic redox conditions. Read More

Stem Cells Dev 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China ;

Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have potential applications in cancer therapy due to their ability to replicate and induce tumor cell death. However, their clinical application has been limited by the lack of efficient cell based delivery systems that can provide protection from immune attack and prevent virus clearance by neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated that menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) can specifically target tumor cells and serve as a novel drug delivery platform. Read More

PLoS One 2019 15;14(4):e0215321. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.

Current approaches to influenza control rely on vaccines matched to viruses in circulation. Universal influenza vaccines would offer the advantage of providing broad protection against diverse strains of influenza virus. Candidate universal vaccines are developed using model systems, often testing in naïve animals. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Apr 14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.

Sumoylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) affects its stabilization, sublocalization, and transcriptional activity. However, it remains largely unknown whether PPARγ sumoylation inhibits the transactivation effect, leading to endothelium insulin resistance (IR). To test this possibility, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a 90% confluence were randomly allocated to two batches. Read More

Theriogenology 2019 Mar 17;132:22-26. Epub 2019 Mar 17.

School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China. Electronic address:

Adenovirus is a kind of non-enveloped,double-stranded DNA virus. As a member of the mammalian adenoviruses of the Adenoviridae family, porcine adenovirus causes gastrointestinal disease in piglets. In this study, the modified adenovirus was manipulated to carry a green fluorescence EGFP marker. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Rio, 26500, Patras, Greece.

The purpose of this study is to assess the overall impact of different anthropogenic activities in the Vouraikos River basin (southwestern Greece, Natura 2000 area). Virological quality of river water samples was investigated. Positive samples for human adenoviruses were found occasionally, while porcine adenoviruses and bovine polyoma viruses were not detected. Read More

PLoS One 2019 10;14(4):e0214227. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.

Bats are implicated as natural reservoirs for a wide range of zoonotic viruses including SARS and MERS coronaviruses, Ebola, Marburg, Nipah, Hendra, Rabies and other lyssaviruses. Accordingly, many One Health surveillance and viral discovery programs have focused on bats. In this report we present viral metagenomic data from bats collected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Adenovirus infection is a well-known complication in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Brincidofovir (BCV) is an orally bioavailable lipid conjugate of cidofovir, which has activity against adenoviruses. We present a review of adenovirus infections treated with BCV which were unresponsive to cidofovir initially in 4 patients and it was used upfront in one patient. Read More

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Purpose: Adenoviral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of conjunctivitis worldwide with no approved antiviral treatment. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a common preservative in ophthalmic medications and is the active ingredient in some skin disinfectants and hand sanitizers. BAK is known to be effective in killing bacteria and enveloped viruses; however, its activity against ocular types of nonenveloped adenoviruses (Ads) is unknown. Read More

Nano Lett 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China.

Currently, various oncolytic adenoviruses (OA) are being explored in both preclinical and clinical virotherapy. However, the pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and poor targeting delivery are major obstacles for systemically administered OA. Therefore, we designed bioengineered cell membrane nanovesicles (BCMNs) that harbor targeting ligands to achieve robust antiviral immune shielding and targeting capabilities for oncolytic virotherapy. Read More

Open Biol 2019 Feb;9(2):190012

Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and HiLIFE-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , 00790 Helsinki , Finland.

Viruses are obligatory parasites that take advantage of intracellular niches to replicate. During infection, their genomes are carried in capsids across the membranes of host cells to sites of virion production by exploiting cellular behaviour and resources to guide and achieve all aspects of delivery and the downstream virus manufacturing process. Successful entry hinges on execution of a precisely tuned viral uncoating program where incoming capsids disassemble in consecutive steps to ensure that genomes are released at the right time, and in the right place for replication to occur. Read More

Oncotarget 2019 Mar 8;10(20):1957-1974. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

The usefulness for cancer therapy of replication-competent adenoviral vectors expressing therapeutic genes from the E3 region has been evaluated, but few reports have described replication-competent adenoviruses with insertions at the E1 region in the full viral genome. We investigated in different prostate cancer cells the oncolytic efficacy of the replication-competent adenovirus 11p vectors expressing adenovirus death (RCAd11pADP) and red fluorescence (RCAd11pRFP) proteins from the upstream E1 region. ADP/RFP gene expression was 2-3 logs higher in PC3 and DU145 cells than in LNCaP and RWPE-1 cells. Read More

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019 May;374(1773):20180300

1 Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine , PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005 , USA.

Intense study of three families of small tumour viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes, carried out over 50 years, has had a profound impact on biology. The polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses have circular DNA genomes of approximately 5000 and approximately 8000 base-pairs, respectively, and thus encode only a handful of proteins. Adenoviruses have a 32 000-base-pair linear DNA genome, still far smaller than the three billion-base-pair human genome. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Mar 13;6(3):ofz074. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Background: Although pneumonia is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in Sarawak, Malaysia, the etiology and epidemiology of pneumonia are not well described in this equatorial region. Routine clinical diagnostics for pneumonia etiology at government hospitals in Sarawak had historically involved only bacterial diagnostics. Viral diagnostics were only obtained through outside consultations. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay.

The aim of this study was to determine the origin (human, bovine or porcine) and the concentration of the fecal sources of contamination in waters from Santa Lucía basin and Uruguay River in Uruguay by using host-specific viral markers (adenoviruses and polyomaviruses) as microbial source tracking (MST). Between June 2015 and May 2016, monthly collections of surface water samples were performed in six sites in Santa Lucía basin and four sites in Uruguay River (n = 120 samples). Viral concentration was carried out using an absorption-elution method. Read More

PLoS One 2019 3;14(4):e0214882. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México.

The E1B 55kDa produced by human adenovirus type 5 is a multifunctional protein that participates in the regulation of several steps during the viral replication cycle. Previous studies suggest this protein plays an important role in postranscriptional regulation of viral and cellular gene expression, as it is required for the selective accumulation of maximal levels of viral late mRNA in the cytoplasm of the infected cell; however the molecular mechanisms that are altered or regulated by this protein have not been elucidated. A ribonucleoprotein motif that could implicate the direct interaction of the protein with RNA was initially predicted and tested in vitro, but the interaction with RNA could not be detected in infected cells, suggesting the interaction may be weak or transient. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA.

The symptoms of human adenovirus infections are generally mild and self-limiting. However, these infections have been gaining importance in recent years because of a growing number of immunocompromised patients. Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are subjected to severe immunosuppressive regimes and cannot efficaciously eliminate virus infections. Read More

Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019 May 25;19(5):443-455. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

a Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.

Introduction: Oncolytic adenoviruses are among the most studied oncolytic viruses because of their tumor selectivity, safety, and transgene-delivery capability. With a growing number of different immunotherapies against cancer, the extraordinary immunogenicity of the adenovirus has emerged as a differentiating strength. Enabling T-cell related therapies with oncolytic adenoviruses appears a promising approach due to its inherent ability to elicit responses from the adaptive immune compartment. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2019 May 14;29:100519. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Laboratório de Saúde Única, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.

Like in many other countries, virologic analyses are not routinely performed in Brazil in monitoring water quality for recreational purposes. We surveyed current research regarding viral contamination of recreational water environments in Brazil. Among the enteric viruses studied in Brazilian recreational waters, we highlight adenoviruses, rotaviruses, enteroviruses and noroviruses. Read More

Oncol Rep 2019 May 18;41(5):2818-2832. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China.

Autophagy and apoptosis both promote cell death; however, the relationship between them is subtle, and they mutually promote and antagonize each other. Apoptin can induce apoptosis of various tumor cells; however, tumor cell death is not only caused by apoptosis. Whether apoptin affects tumor cell autophagy is poorly understood. Read More

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019 02;39(2):134-143

Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Basic Medical Science of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

Objective: To investigate the effect of estradiol (E2)/estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) on the proliferation of human chondrocytes and explore the molecular mechanism.

Methods: The Ad-Easy adenovirus packaging system was used to construct and package the ESR1-overexpressing adenovirus Ad-ESR1. Western blotting and qPCR were used to detect the expression of ESR1 protein and mRNA in human chondrocyte C28I2 cells. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 4;10:351. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

While the brain is considered an immune-privileged site, the CNS may nevertheless be the focus of immune mediated inflammation in the case of infection and certain autoimmune diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis. Read More

J Vis Exp 2019 Feb 26(144). Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria;

Here, we describe a protocol for the implementation of a heterologous mouse model in which progression of endometriosis can be assessed in real time through noninvasive monitoring of fluorescence emitted by implanted ectopic human endometrial tissue. For this purpose, biopsies of human endometrium are obtained from donor women ongoing oocyte donation. Human endometrial fragments are cultured in the presence of adenoviruses engineered to express cDNA for the reporter fluorescent protein mCherry. Read More

Viruses 2019 Mar 12;11(3). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.

Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, , has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 03 12;10(1):1181. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France.

Attachment of human adenovirus (HAd) to the host cell is a critical step of infection. Initial attachment occurs via the adenoviral fibre knob protein and a cellular receptor. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a <100 kDa non-symmetrical complex comprising the trimeric HAd type 3 fibre knob (HAd3K) and human desmoglein 2 (DSG2). Read More

J Clin Invest 2019 Mar 12;130. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is one of the predominant tumor viruses in humans, but so far no therapeutic or prophylactic vaccination against this transforming pathogen is available. We demonstrated that heterologous prime-boost vaccination with the nuclear antigen 1 of EBV (EBNA1) either targeted to the DEC205 receptor on dendritic cells or expressed from a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector improved priming of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell help. This help supported the expansion and maintenance of EBNA1 specific CD8+ T cells that are most efficiently primed by recombinant adenoviruses that encode EBNA1. Read More

Oncotarget 2019 Feb 15;10(14):1458-1472. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

University of Copenhagen, Center for Medical Parasitology, The Panum Institute, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that make up 8% of the human genome have been associated with the development and progression of cancer. The murine model system of the melanoma associated retrovirus (MelARV), which is expressed in different murine cancer cell lines, can be used to study mechanisms and therapeutic approaches against ERVs in cancer. We designed a vaccine strategy (Ad5-MelARV) of adenoviruses encoding the MelARV proteins Gag and Env that assemble into virus-like particles displaying the cancer-associated MelARV Env to the immune system. Read More

Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;37(1):25-30

Research Institute of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Objective: This study aims to establish an effective and stable periodontal ligament cell line stably expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene by using the adenovirus method.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the full length of hTERT gene to construct recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAd-pshuttle-cmv-hTERT. Packaged adenovirus particles were used for infection of human periodontal ligament cells. Read More

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019 Mar;42(3):206-212

Department of Respiration, Army General Hospital 263, Beijing 101149, China.

To better understand the clinical features of human adenovirus type 7 (hAdV7) pneumonia and to identify whether there is a variation in the genome of the strain (CHN/BeiJing/2018) isolated during the small-scale epidemic. Forty-two patients were diagnosed with hAdV7 pneumonia between October 27th, 2017 and February 28th, 2018. They were all males with an average age of (21±2) years. Read More

J Virol 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

Most HIV-1 infections begin at mucosal surfaces. Providing a barrier of protection at these may assist in combating the earliest events in infection. Systemic immunization by intramuscular (IM) injection can drive mucosal immune responses, but there are data suggesting that mucosal immunization can better educate these mucosal immune responses. Read More

PLoS One 2019 6;14(3):e0212434. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Urology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Gifu, Japan.

Background: Urethritis is a common sexually transmitted disease, and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been found to be associated with nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis. However, the level and viability of HAdV in the urine of patients with urethritis remain unclear.

Methods: Male patients with urethritis and an asymptomatic group were screened using their First-void urine (FVU) for urethritis-related pathogens to identify those with HAdV DNA. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 2;257(4):815-820. Epub 2019 Mar 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.

Background: We evaluated a novel silver amplification immunochromatography test for rapid detection of adenovirus (AdV) antigen equipped with an automated reader system using tears including conjunctival exudate in patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.

Methods: Two kinds of immunochromatographic (IC) kits, a conventional IC kit for conjunctival scrapings (control kit) and an IC kit using tears including conjunctival exudate collected by pressing a filter paper strip on the conjunctiva (test kit), were tested on 90 patients who attended Migita Eye Clinic with suspected adenoviral conjunctivitis. The results of the test kits were automatically obtained by a specific reader, which was based on silver amplification immunochromatography system, in 15 min. Read More

FASEB J 2019 Feb 28:fj201801993R. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.

Salivary glands are a major component of the mucosal immune system that confer adaptive immunity to mucosal pathogens. As previously demonstrated, immunization of the submandibular gland with tissue culture-derived murine cytomegalovirus (tcMCMV) or replication-deficient adenoviruses expressing individual murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) genes protected mice against a lethal MCMV challenge. Here, we report that salivary gland inoculation of BALB/cByJ mice with tcMCMV or recombinant adenoviruses differentially activates T helper (T)1, -2, and -17 cells in the salivary glands vs. Read More

Poult Sci 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing 526238, China.

Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis and causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry in China. In this study, a strain of fowl adenoviruses (FAdV-4) (GX-1) was isolated from liver samples of diseased chickens with HHS. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome gene revealed that GX-1 clustered with the C-type fowl adenovirus and was serotyped as FAdV-4. Read More

MBio 2019 02 26;10(1). Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

Regulation of a variety of different cellular processes, including posttranslational modifications, is critical for the ability of many viruses to replicate efficiently within host cells. The adenovirus (Ad) E4-ORF3 protein assembles into polymers and forms a unique nuclear scaffold that leads to the relocalization and sequestration of cellular proteins, including small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs). Previously, we showed that E4-ORF3 functions as a SUMO E3 ligase of transcriptional intermediary factor-1 gamma (TIF-1γ) and promotes poly-SUMO chain formation. Read More

MSMR 2019 Feb;26(2):21-27

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are known to cause respiratory illness outbreaks at basic military training (BMT) sites. HAdV type-4 and -7 vaccines are routinely administered at enlisted BMT sites, but not at military academies. During August-September 2016, U. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11;6(2):ofz017. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are known causes of respiratory illness outbreaks in congregate settings, but cases and clusters are less well described from community settings in the United States. During December 2016-February 2017, the New Jersey Department of Health received reports of HAdV infections from 3 sources in 3 adjacent counties. We investigated to characterize the epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical features of this HAdV outbreak. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 20;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 20.

KU Leuven-Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.

Viral gastroenteritis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, being particularly severe for children under the age of five. The most common viral agents of gastroenteritis are noroviruses, rotaviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses and adenoviruses, however, no specific antiviral treatment exists today against any of these pathogens. We here discuss the feasibility of developing a broad-spectrum antiviral treatment against these diarrhea-causing viruses. Read More

J Virol 2019 May 17;93(9). Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

Tailed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses package their genetic material into a precursor capsid through a dodecameric ring complex called the portal protein, which is located at a unique 5-fold vertex. In several phages and viruses, including T4, Φ29, and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the portal forms a nucleation complex with scaffolding proteins (SPs) to initiate procapsid (PC) assembly, thereby ensuring incorporation of only one portal ring per capsid. However, for bacteriophage P22, the role of its portal protein in initiation of procapsid assembly is unclear. Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2019 Apr 4;18(4):379-392. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

a Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo) , Hannover , Germany.

Introduction: Various viruses, including poxviruses, adenoviruses and vesicular stomatitis virus, have been considered as vaccine vectors for the delivery of antigens of interest in the development of vaccines against newly emerging pathogens. Areas covered: Here, we review results that have been obtained with influenza A viruses (IAV) as vaccine vectors. With the advent of reverse genetics technology, IAV-based recombinant vaccine candidates have been constructed that induce protective immunity to a variety of different pathogens of interest, including West Nile virus, Plasmodium falciparum and respiratory syncytial virus. Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2019 15;2019:3054820. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China.

Objective: The involvement of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the development of insulin resistance has been reported recently. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study aims at investigating the potential impacts of PDE5A on insulin signaling in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes and uncover the related mechanism. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 14;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Africa in 1947. It was shown to be a mild virus that had limited threat to humans. However, the resurgence of the ZIKV in the most recent Brazil outbreak surprised us because it causes severe human congenital and neurologic disorders including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2018;63(10):641-645

«1586 Military Clinical Hospital» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 603105, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation.

Samples of sputum, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, swabs from the oropharynx from 255 military personnel undergoing in-patient treatment with an x-ray confirmed diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The comparison group was included 270 healthy recruits. The detection of S. Read More

Nanoscale 2019 Mar 15;11(9):4015-4024. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.

The ability of adenoviruses to infect a broad range of species has spurred a growing interest in nanomedicine to use adenovirus as a cargo delivery vehicle. While successful maturation of adenovirus and controlled disassembly are critical for efficient infection, the underlying mechanisms regulating these processes are not well understood. Here, we present Atomic Force Microscopy nanoindentation and fatigue studies of adenovirus capsids at different maturation stages to scrutinize their dynamic uncoating properties. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 02 14;10(1):741. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.

Adenovirus based vectors are of increasing importance for wide ranging therapeutic applications. As vaccines, vectors derived from human adenovirus species D serotypes 26 and 48 (HAdV-D26/48) are demonstrating promising efficacy as protective platforms against infectious diseases. Significant clinical progress has been made, yet definitive studies underpinning mechanisms of entry, infection, and receptor usage are currently lacking. Read More

DNA Cell Biol 2019 Apr 14;38(4):314-321. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

The shortage of human hepatocytes continues to be a significant limitation for the widespread application of hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial liver (BAL) support therapy. Recombinant activation gene 2 (Rag2) and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-deficient mice could be highly repopulated with human hepatocytes. However, Fah/Rag2-deficient mice can only produce up to 1 × 10 human hepatocytes per mouse. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 02 12;10(1):714. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.

Glucose homeostasis is partly controlled by the energy sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the muscle and liver. However, whether mTOR in the small intestine affects glucose homeostasis in vivo remains unknown. Here, we first report that delivery of rapamycin or an adenovirus encoding the dominant negative acting mTOR-mutated protein into the upper small intestine is sufficient to inhibit small intestinal mTOR signaling and lower glucose production in rodents with high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Read More