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Front Immunol 2021 7;12:691879. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Increasing human Adenovirus (HAdV) infections complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) even fatal outcome were reported in immunocompetent adolescent and adult patients. Here, we characterized the cytokine/chemokine expression profiles of immunocompetent patients complicated with ARDS during HAdV infection and identified biomarkers for disease severity/progression. Forty-eight cytokines/chemokines in the plasma samples from 19 HAdV-infected immunocompetent adolescent and adult patients (ten complicated with ARDS) were measured and analyzed in combination with clinical indices. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 06 17;21(1):284. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children. Unfortunately, there are limited multi-center data on common viral respiratory infections in south China.

Methods: A total of 4403 nasal swabs were collected from children in 10 cities in Guangdong, China in 2019. Read More

J Infect Dis 2021 Jun 17. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Background: Although a human adenovirus (HAdV) vaccine is available for military use, officers-in-training are not routinely vaccinated. We describe an HAdV-associated respiratory outbreak among unvaccinated cadets at the U.S. Read More

PLoS One 2021 16;16(6):e0252534. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Many recent disease outbreaks in humans had a zoonotic virus etiology. Bats in particular have been recognized as reservoirs to a large variety of viruses with the potential to cross-species transmission. In order to assess the risk of bats in Switzerland for such transmissions, we determined the virome of tissue and fecal samples of 14 native and 4 migrating bat species. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.

Canine adenoviruses (CAVs) are of two types: canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which is mainly associated with the respiratory type of disease in dogs. Due to the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control canine adenoviral infections and subsequently reduced disease incidence, CAVs are often neglected by clinicians. Although a number of studies are available about CAV-1 prevalence in India, only meagre information is available about CAV-2. Read More

J Pharm Sci 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address:

Mitochondrial toxicity is an important factor to predict drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Previous studies have focused predominantly on mitochondrial toxicities due to parent forms, and no study has adequately evaluated metabolite-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Moreover, previous studies have used HepG2 cells, which lack many cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 20;12:685218. Epub 2021 May 20.

Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.

Despite decades of clinical and preclinical investigations, we still poorly grasp our innate immune response to human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and their vectors. In this study, we explored the impact of lactoferrin on three HAdV types that are being used as vectors for vaccines. Lactoferrin is a secreted globular glycoprotein that influences direct and indirect innate immune response against a range of pathogens following a breach in tissue homeostasis. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2021 May;49(3):608-616

Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.

Malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis despite advances in surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and the emergence of new treatments have improved outcomes. One of these new treatments is gene therapy, which has been developed as a new therapeutic strategy. Recently, new methods and approaches have been developed. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Aug 14;783:147086. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.

Determining the source of fecal contamination in a water body is important for the application of appropriate remediation measures. However, it has been suggested in the extant literature that this can best be achieved using a 'toolbox' of molecular- and culture-based methods. In response, this study deployed three indicators (Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal enterococci (IE) and somatic coliphages (SC)), one culture-dependent human marker (Bacteroides (GB-124) bacteriophage) and five culture-independent markers (human adenovirus (HAdV), human (HMMit), cattle (CWMit), pig (PGMit) and poultry (PLMit) mitochondrial DNA markers (mtDNA)) within the River Tagus catchment (n = 105). Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 Apr 22;101(1):115401. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fourth center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China. Electronic address:

Three human adenovirus (HAdV) genotypes, HAdV-7, HAdV-14, and HAdV-55, emerged as the most prevalent variants in China over the past decade and caused both sporadic, fatal cases and frequent, large outbreaks. Early diagnosis is essential to control infections and endemics. Here, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with an instrument-free nucleic acid extraction device recently developed by our group; the assay could detect all the 3 prevalent HAdV genotypes. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Pediatric Department, Centre of Medical Excellence, Medical Research Division, NRC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

The objective of this study was to investigate human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) prevalence among the other respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and non-enteric adenoviruses in clinical specimens of Egyptian children and raw sewage samples. One hundred clinical specimens were collected from Egyptian children suffering from upper and lower respiratory viral infections in the years 2005-2006 to detect HCoV-NL63 genome using RT-PCR. All the specimens were negative for the virus. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 18;12:674400. Epub 2021 May 18.

Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

The notion of developing variants of the classic interleukin 2 (IL-2) cytokine has emerged from the limitations observed with the systemic use of human IL-2 in the clinic: severe adverse events accompanied by low therapeutic response rate in treated patients. Modifications made in the IL-2 receptor-binding structure leads to preferential binding of IL-2 variant cytokine to receptors on effector anti-tumor lymphocytes over T regulatory (TReg) cells. Because of their inherent immunogenicity, oncolytic adenoviruses are useful for expression of immunomodulatory molecules in tumors, for induction of a pro-inflammatory state in the tumor microenvironment. Read More

CRISPR J 2021 Jun 2;4(3):381-391. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Recombinant adenoviruses have broad applications for gene delivery and expression. Furthermore, the adenovirus packaging system facilitates the expression of RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease complexes. In this study, we developed a novel system, named AdBlue, for the construction of recombinant adenoviruses using an enzymatic assembly strategy. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 15;22(10). Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Adenoviruses are large (~950 Å) and complex non-enveloped, dsDNA icosahedral viruses. They have a pseudo-T = 25 triangulation number with at least 12 different proteins composing the virion. These include the major and minor capsid proteins, core proteins, maturation protease, terminal protein, and packaging machinery. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 May 1;57(5). Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.

: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus () therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. : We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. Read More

Neuro Oncol 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

Background: Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising new treatments against solid tumors, particularly for glioblastoma (GBM), and preclinical models are required to evaluate the mechanisms of efficacy. However, due to the species selectivity of adenovirus, there is currently no single animal model that supports viral replication, tumor oncolysis, and a virus-mediated immune response. To address this gap, we took advantage of the Syrian hamster to develop the first intracranial glioma model that is both adenovirus replication-permissive and immunocompetent. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 14;12:661382. Epub 2021 May 14.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

The whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) plays an important role in identifying, typing, and mutation analysis of HAdVs. Nowadays, three generations of sequencing have been developed. The accuracy of first-generation sequencing is up to 99. Read More

Exp Cell Res 2021 May 24;405(2):112658. Epub 2021 May 24.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) results from dysregulated metabolism of the extracellular matrix of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and involves the participation of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α. Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) shows considerable potential for anti-inflammatory applications. Herein, we investigated the role of BRD7 in IDD. Read More

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021 Jan-Dec;27:10760296211020829

Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, 19051University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Vaccine 2021 Jun 22;39(27):3560-3564. Epub 2021 May 22.

Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address:

Adenoviruses cause economically important diseases in vertebrates. Effective vaccines against adenoviral diseases are currently lacking. Here, we report a highly conserved epitopic region on hexon proteins of adenoviruses that generate a strong immune response when used as a virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine, produced by inserting the epitopic region into the core protein of hepatitis B virus. Read More

Front Mol Biosci 2021 7;8:647424. Epub 2021 May 7.

Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.

Adenoviruses (AdVs) constitute a diverse family with many pathogenic types that infect a broad range of hosts. Understanding the pathogenesis of adenoviral infections is not only clinically relevant but also important to elucidate the potential use of AdVs as vectors in therapeutic applications. For an adenoviral infection to occur, attachment of the viral ligand to a cellular receptor on the host organism is a prerequisite and, in this sense, it is a criterion to decide whether an adenoviral infection can potentially happen. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 06 24;43:9-15. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.

Respiratory Viruses infections (RVI) such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus affect the respiratory and the immune systems. The role of nutrition in the respiratory and immune systems has been studied in some studies, and its importance is undeniable. In addition, one of the key findings in this disease is high inflammation that affects almost all patients. Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021 Aug 1;204:111812. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. Electronic address:

Attachment of human adenovirus 40 (HAdV40) onto surfaces coated with three compositionally different household paints was evaluated experimentally and interpreted based on measured physicochemical properties of the paints. Polar, dispersive and electrostatic interactions between HAdV40 and the paints were predicted using the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) model. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) was used to quantify virus attachment to paints from 1 mM and 150 mM NaCl solutions, with the latter having the ionic strength of a typical respiratory fluid. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2021 ;27(6):1685-1688

We compared weekly positivity rates of 8 respiratory viruses in South Korea during 2010-2019 and 2020. The overall mean positivity rate for these viruses decreased from 54.7% in 2010-2019 to 39. Read More

Curr Opin Immunol 2021 May 15;72:126-134. Epub 2021 May 15.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA. Electronic address:

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein, serves as a cofactor for serine protease factor I to cleave and inactivate C3b and C4b deposited on host cells. However, CD46 also plays roles in human reproduction, autophagy, modulating T cell activation and effector functions and is a member of the newly identified intracellular complement system (complosome). CD46 also is a receptor for 11 pathogens ('pathogen magnet'). Read More

Semin Cancer Biol 2021 May 15. Epub 2021 May 15.

Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia. Electronic address:

Human livelihood highly depends on applying different sources of energy whose utilization is associated with air pollution. On the other hand, air pollution may be associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) development. Unlike other environmental causes of cancer (e. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2021 29;8:625609. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Swine hepatitis E (swine HE) is a new type of zoonotic infectious disease caused by the swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV). Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is an important virulent protein of swine HEV, but its function still is mainly unclear. In this study, we generated adenoviruses ADV4-ORF3 and ADV4 negative control (ADV4-NC), which successfully mediated overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ORF3 and EGFP, respectively, in HepG2 cells. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2021 Dec;10(1):1002-1015

Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

COVID-19 vaccines are being developed urgently worldwide. Here, we constructed two adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates of Sad23L-nCoV-S and Ad49L-nCoV-S carrying the full-length gene of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The immunogenicity of two vaccines was individually evaluated in mice. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Sep 7;787:147463. Epub 2021 May 7.

University of Barcelona, Section of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Institute of the University of Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Wastewater based epidemiology was employed to track the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within the sewershed areas of 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Catalonia, Spain. A total of 185 WWTPs inflow samples were collected over the period consisting of both the first wave (mid-March to June) and the second wave (July to November). Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (N1 and N2 assays) were quantified in these wastewaters as well as those of Human adenoviruses (HAdV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), as indicators of human faecal contamination. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.

Enteroviruses (EV) have been linked to lymphocytic meningitis and exanthems, but they may also be involved in acute gastroenteritis (AGE), a condition whose aetiological agent often remains unidentified. In this work 1214 samples from individuals with AGE were studied with the aim of establishing the incidence of EV. The samples were collected between September and December in three different years and subjected to real-time genomic amplification in order to determine the viral load (VL). Read More