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Cureus 2020 Apr 24;12(4):e7815. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Urology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR.

An 88-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal distention, fever, and constipation of about a week's duration. Laboratory tests showed impaired kidney function tests and fluid electrolyte values. Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis was observed on non-contrasted abdominal CT. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2020 May;17(5S):S281-S292

Specialty Chair, University of Chicago Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.

Acute obstructive uropathy is a medical emergency, which often is accompanied by acute renal failure or sepsis. Treatment options to resolve the acute obstructive process include conservative medical management, retrograde ureteral stenting, or placement of percutaneous nephrostomy or nephroureteral catheters. It is important to understand the various treatment options in differing clinical scenarios in order to guide appropriate consultation. Read More

G Ital Nefrol 2020 Feb 12;37(1). Epub 2020 Feb 12.

UOC Nefrologia e Dialisi, A.O. "Cannizzaro", Catania. Scuola Nazionale di Ecografia Nefrologica, società Italiana di Ultrasonologia in Medicina e Chirurgia (SIUMB), Catania. Commissione Didattica Iter Formativo in Ecografia Nefrologica Società Italiana di Nefrologia.

The term "obstructive uropathy" refers to the complex structural and functional changes following the interruption of normal urinary runoff, which can occur at every level of the urinary tract. Depending on its origin, duration and severity, urinary tract obstructions can be acute or chronic, mono or bilateral, partial or complete. The obstruction can be localized or extended to the entire pielo-caliceal system and/or homolateral urethra. Read More

PLoS One 2020 30;15(1):e0228405. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent, occurring in 1%-2% of the adult population, increasing the risk of stroke, and resulting in considerable healthcare costs. While stroke is a major complication of AF, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients also have a high risk of stroke, suggesting that AF is a possible risk factor for mortality of ESRD patients. However, whether the existence of AF at the initiation of hemodialysis predicts higher mortality risk of incident ESRD patients remains to be defined. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Nov 5;12(11). Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Japan

Ureteral calcification is a rare complication of systemic vasculitis. Bilateral ureteral calcification in a patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis led to obstructive uropathy. A combination of immunosuppressive therapy and ureteral reconstruction successfully restored kidney function. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2019;61(1):97-101

Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Arora SK, Swarnim S, Hemal A, Bidhuri N. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting as nephromegaly in a child: A rare case report. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 97-101. Read More

Nat Rev Urol 2019 10 23;16(10):573-598. Epub 2019 Sep 23.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. A substantial proportion of patients presenting with extrapulmonary TB have urogenital TB (UG-TB), which can easily be overlooked owing to non-specific symptoms, chronic and cryptic protean clinical manifestations, and lack of clinician awareness of the possibility of TB. Delay in diagnosis results in disease progression, irreversible tissue and organ damage and chronic renal failure. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Aug 13;13(1):251. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Western Province, Sri Lanka.

Background: Persistent high output is a rare but potentially serious complication of percutaneous biliary drainage.

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old Sinhalese woman with a palliative self-expanding metal stent placed for an inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma presented with worsening obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography showed intrahepatic duct dilatation with the self-expanding metal stent in situ. Read More

Nephrol Ther 2019 Jun 14;15(3):169-173. Epub 2019 May 14.

Service de néphrologie, centre hospitalier public du Cotentin, 46, rue du Val-de-Saire, 50100 Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France.

A 56-year-old Philippine seaman without any medical history presented an obstructive and prerenal acute kidney failure near the coasts of Normandy. He was hospitalized in intensive care units because of the seriousness of kidney failure and because of impaired consciousness. Abdominal computed tomography showed a destroyed left kidney, a right hydronephrosis and ureteral strictures, which is typical of urinary tuberculosis. Read More

Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2019 Feb 15;54(2):128-141. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

The rising impact of perioperative sonography is mainly based on mobile high quality ultrasound systems. Relevant bleedings or functional limitations of the abdomen are easy to identify with sonography. The FAST-Concept can be the first access to continue proceedings in ultrasound examination of the abdomen. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jan 10;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Cardiology, West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Bury Saint Edmunds, UK.

A 51-year-old woman with known primary antiphospholipid syndrome presented with a 4-day history of chest and abdominal pain, inferior ST-segment elevation on a 12-lead ECG and a subtherapeutic international normalised ratio. In view of a significantly raised high-sensitivity troponin I assay, inferior wall hypokinesis on transthoracic echocardiography and despite unobstructed epicardial vessels on emergency coronary angiography, a diagnosis of myocardial infarction was made. Furthermore, the patient also developed both bilateral adrenal haemorrhages leading to acute adrenal insufficiency and microvascular thrombotic renal disease concurrently. Read More

Pediatr Int 2019 Feb 7;61(2):122-139. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Children with cancer are at increased risk of life-threatening emergencies, either from the cancer itself or related to the cancer treatment. These conditions need to be assessed and treated as early as possible to minimize morbidity and mortality. Cardiothoracic emergencies encompass a variety of pathologies, including pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, massive hemoptysis, superior vena cava syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia. Read More

Intern Emerg Med 2019 03 1;14(2):315-317. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Int Urol Nephrol 2018 Dec 13;50(12):2123-2129. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Department of Urology, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, 281, Miyazato, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan.

Purpose: Acute pyelonephritis (AP), a complication of urolithiasis, can be fatal if it progresses to septic shock. We aimed to evaluate the performance of excretory phase computed tomography (CT) in predicting bacteremia among AP patients with upper urinary tract calculi.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 250 patients diagnosed with AP and upper urinary tract calculi and who were admitted to our institute. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 27;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Urology, St George's Hospital, London, UK.

A 65-year-old female patient presented with a 2-day history of worsening right-sided abdominal pain and clinical signs of sepsis, on the background of a recent admission for pancolitis. Imaging revealed right ureteric herniation through the sciatic foramen with subsequent hydroureteronephrosis and radiological signs of severe pyelonephritis. The patient underwent emergency decompression with a percutaneous nephrostomy, followed by insertion of an antegrade stent to correct the ureteric hernia once the sepsis was appropriately treated. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2019 02 21;107(2):486-492. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Background: Mechanisms contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI) after acute type B aortic dissection (ABAD) include renal malperfusion or underlying renal dysfunction. We characterized AKI after ABAD and evaluated its potential for adverse clinical and aortic outcomes.

Methods: Between 1995 and 2016, 478 patients without prior dialysis requirement (mean age, 62. Read More

J Nephrol 2018 Dec 6;31(6):863-879. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes all clinical features and complications during the progression of various kidney conditions towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). These conditions include immune and inflammatory disease such as: primary and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related glomerulonephritis; infectious disease such as pyelonephritis with or without reflux and tuberculosis; vascular disease such as chronic ischemic nephropathy; hereditary and congenital disease such as polycystic disease and congenital cystic dysplasia; metabolic disease including diabetes and hyperuricemia; and systemic disease (collagen disease, vasculitis, myeloma). During the progression of CKD, ultrasound imaging and color Doppler imaging (US-CDI) can differentiate the etiology of the renal damage in only 50-70% of cases. Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2019 Mar 3;23(3):427-428. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.

We report a lady with bilateral symmetrical xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPGN) presented with acute kidney injury and sepsis, in which both CT and MRI mimicked an infiltrative disease, except that the infiltration was not very homogenous. Eventually, the pathological diagnosis turned out to be XPGN. Most XPGN were unilateral, and there have been a few publications of bilateral involvement. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2019 03 25;69(3):752-762.e1. Epub 2018 Aug 25.

The Vascular and Endovascular Research Center, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address:

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, limited studies have investigated this complication in elderly patients. This study aims to evaluate AKI in octogenarians after open endovascular AAA repair (OAR) and endovascular AAA repair (EVAR). Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2018 20;2018:6283701. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Mucormycosis is a rare and invasive fungal disease with high mortality rate caused by members of the order Mucorales. Mucorales species are vasotrophic organisms that may cause angioinvasive disease in immunosuppressed hosts. Risk factors include diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, organ or bone marrow transplantation, neutropenia, burns, malignancies, and steroid therapy. Read More

J Endourol 2018 09 31;32(9):891-895. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

1 Division of Urology, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois.

Introduction: Pyelovenous/pyelolymphatic backflow from acute ureteral obstruction, manifesting radiologically as perinephric fat stranding (PFS), may result in elevated serum creatinine. Among patients with acutely obstructing ureterolithiasis, we evaluated the relationship between degree of PFS and changes in serum creatinine from baseline.

Methods: Our tertiary care center's radiology dictation system (Fluency Discovery, M Modal) was queried for noncontrast abdominopelvic CT studies obtained in the Emergency Department for patients with obstructing ureteral calculi from 7/2015 to 4/2016. Read More

Age Ageing 2018 09;47(5):756-757

Ageing and Complex Medicine Directorate, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Hospital, Manchester, UK.

Intrapelvic mass formation as a result of particulate wear debris induced osteolysis is a recognised late complication of cementless total hip arthroplasty. Clinical presentation typically involves hip and/or leg pain resulting in functional impairment, and obstructive urinary symptoms developing 3-20 years after surgery. An acute confusional state has never been described in this scenario. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 4;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, New Jersey, USA.

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (DIVC) is an uncommon embryological anatomic phenomenon.We report a 63-year-old woman with extensive right leg deep vein thrombosis who required an IVC filter due to contraindications for anticoagulation, but was found to have DIVC which required the placement of two IVC filters with good result. This report will review and summarise past reports of DIVC management to provide a guide for future clinicians, and review the embryological development, diagnosis and IVC filter placement options as they are based on the type of anatomic malformation encountered. Read More

Case Rep Crit Care 2018 29;2018:5248901. Epub 2018 Apr 29.

Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.

Background: Nontraumatic renal rupture due to pyelonephritis with obstructive uropathy is an uncommon but life-threatening situation.

Case Presentation: A 25-year-old female presented to the emergency department with acute worsening of abdominal pain that began four weeks earlier. She was found to have peritonitis, leukocytosis, severe lactic acidosis, and a pronounced anemia and imaging was consistent with nontraumatic renal rupture with retroperitoneal abscess, perforation of the colon, and severe necrotizing fasciitis of the right lower limb. Read More

CJEM 2018 11 2;20(6):957-961. Epub 2018 Apr 2.

†Department of Emergency Medicine,Dalhousie University,Halifax,NS.

Acute flank pain from suspected urolithiasis is a common presenting complaint in the Emergency Department. Multiple computed tomography (CT) has traditionally been the standard imaging modality used to diagnose obstructive kidney stones, however point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) can play an important role in the diagnostic algorithm and risk stratification of acute flank pain. Here, we present the case of a 29-year-old female with suspected urolithiasis, who underwent PoCUS that revealed right-sided hydronephrosis and normal left kidney, bladder, and aorta. Read More

G Ital Nefrol 2018 Mar;35(2)

Cattedra e U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Italia.

We describe the case of a previously 77-year-old man who accessed in our Nephrology Unit for acute kidney injury (AKI) on chronic kidney disease (CKD), gastric discomfort and vague urinary symptoms with apparently preserved diuresis and suspected "ascites". Physical examination confirmed the presence of abdominal effusion, even though ultrasound abdominal examination revealed the presence of a giant diverticular urinary bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of these rare complications by briefly reviewing the technical aspects and the possible consequences. Read More

Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2018 Apr 24;39(2):129-144. Epub 2017 Nov 24.

Department of Radiology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.

The kidneys are paired intra-abdominal organs which provide essential functions and maintain homeostasis throughout the human body. Numerous disease processes affect the kidneys and cause acute renal dysfunction or other potentially catastrophic complications. These conditions can be broadly categorized into obstructive, infectious, hemorrhagic, traumatic, and vascular diseases. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Feb 27;2018. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

JFK Medical Center North Campus, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA.

A 59-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, gout and obesity presented to the hospital with a chief complaint of worsening scrotal oedema. The patient endorsed associated symptoms of decreased force of stream on urination, stranguria and hesitancy with slight dysuria. Physical exam showed an effaced umbilicus and phallus with a hidden scrotum estimated to be 30×20×30 cm in size. Read More

Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2017 Dec 9;20(4):288-293. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Biliary and urinary obstructions can be managed endoscopically or cystoscopically, surgically or by percutansous intervention or drainage. If the obtructed system is infected, emergent decompression is needed. Early recognition and treatment is paramount in both conditions. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Oct 15;2017. Epub 2017 Oct 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.

A 46-year-old woman who had a recent total abdominal hysterectomy presented with a 1 month history of lower abdominal pain, 1 week of nausea and vomiting as well as decreased urinary output preceded by a year of significant unintentional weight loss. On renal imaging, she was found to have bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureters in the setting of bilateral distal ureteric obstruction complicated with acute kidney injury and severe hyperkalaemia requiring haemodialysis. The initial concern was for ureteric injury, a known complication of abdominal hysterectomy procedures, however, a urological intervention, performed 9 months later to relieve the ureteric obstruction, revealed purulent material within the left ureter that was smear positive for acid fast bacilli. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2017 Sep;67(9):1447-1449

The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Leiomyoma of urinary bladder is a rare tumour with an incidence of < 0.5% of all the bladder tumours. We report a case of leiomyoma of bladder after taking written and informed consent from a 38 years old female, after obtaining the permission of the institutional review board (IRB). Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2017 Sep 2;12(1):75. Epub 2017 Sep 2.

Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian, Suite C-700, 200 Lothrop St. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

Background: Renal ultrasonography is part of the algorithm in assessing acute kidney injury (AKI). The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility of renal US in postoperative cardiac patients who develop AKI.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 90 postoperative cardiac surgery patients at a single institution from 1/19/2010 to 3/19/2016 who underwent renal US for AKI. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Aug 7;2017. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Centre, Netanya, Israel.

A relatively young healthy man (barring obesity and distant gouty arthritis) was admitted with severe acute kidney injury (serum creatinine, 15.9 mg/dL) following acute gastroenteritis and occasional use of diclofenac. Abdominal ultrasound revealed mild left hydronephrosis due to staghorn stone and normal right kidney. Read More

G Ital Nefrol 2017 Aug 1;34(4):72-82. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale DiVenere, Bari.

We describe the case of a 45-year-old woman with a clinical history of breast cancer presenting with anuric renal failure, metabolic acidosis and bilateral grade 2-3 hydronephrosis. Following insertion of bilateral ureteral stents, urinary output was 5000 ml in the subsequent 24 hours with frankly bloody urine, after which anuria recurred. A new ultrasound examination showed hydronephrotic kidneys with properly positioned stents, a distended bladder free of clots and a hypo-anechoic, well-demarcated mass enveloping the aorta. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2017 Oct 14;25(7):652-658. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

1 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) often manifests in patients with liver disease because of a prerenal cause and presents as acute tubular necrosis or hepatorenal syndrome. Distinguishing between these entities is important for prognosis and treatment. Some patients may develop AKI related to their underlying liver disease: for example, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or IgA nephropathy. Read More

Urologia 2017 Aug 18;84(3):179-184. Epub 2017 May 18.

 Department of Urology, I.M. Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow - Russia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis (AP) and renal abscess.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred and seven patients with AP were followed up from 2010 throughout 2015. All the patients were divided into three groups. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Apr(2):109-111

E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical Academy, Perm.

The article reports a rare case of a 30-year-old man with Hirschsprung's disease, who developed a giant fecalith in the rectum and sigmoid (weight 3.5 kg, the largest diameter 20 cm). The fecalith impaired urine flow by compressing urinary tract, thereby causing acute urinary retention and right-sided hydronephrosis with acute obstructive pyelonephritis. Read More

Transplant Proc 2017 Jan - Feb;49(1):193-197

King Abdulaziz Medical City, Western Region, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Background: Isolated renal allograft aspergillosis is rare and usually presents with fever and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Presentation with obstructive uropathy caused by aspergillus fungal balls is much less common. We report a young male patient who presented with obstructive uropathy secondary to isolated renal allograft aspergillus infection 6 weeks after transplant. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 Jun 12;28(6):1723-1728. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation rénale, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France;

Vancomycin is a widely prescribed antibiotic, but the exact nature of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is unclear, in particular when considering the frequent coadministration of aminoglycosides. We describe here the initial case of a 56-year-old woman with normal renal function developing unexplained ARF without hypovolemia after administration of vancomycin without coadministration of aminoglycosides. Studying the patient's renal biopsy specimen, we ascertained that obstructive tubular casts composed of noncrystal nanospheric vancomycin aggregates entangled with uromodulin explained the vancomycin-associated ARF. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jan 6;2017. Epub 2017 Jan 6.

Department of Renal Transplant, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Ipsilateral inguinal herniation of the transplanted ureter has been reported as a rare cause of obstructive uropathy in renal transplant recipients. A 73-year-old man presented with acute renal failure 29 years after receiving a deceased donor renal transplant. Radiological investigations demonstrated marked hydronephrosis of the left iliac fossa transplant kidney and herniation of the distal transplant ureter and bladder into the right inguinal canal. Read More

Anaerobe 2017 Feb 8;43:75-77. Epub 2016 Dec 8.

Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Université Paris 11, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; CEA, DSV/iMETI, Division of Immuno-Virology, IDMIT, France; Inserm, U1184, Centre d'Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes, France.

Actinobaculum schaalii is a rarely reported, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium which role as uropathogen is emerging. We report here the case of a 47 year old HIV-1 infected woman presented with five recurrent episodes of obstructive pyelonephritis in the context of multiple renal stones. No bacteria was found until the fifth episode, during which prolonged urinary cultures as well as 16S rDNA sequencing allowed the diagnosis of A. Read More

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017 Jan 16;40(1):33-40. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PAE in weaning of catheter and relieving obstructive urinary symptoms in patients with acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and failed trial without catheter (TWOC).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study approved by the institutional review board, a signed informed consent was obtained. Eighteen consecutive patients with AUR due to BPH and failed TWOC were recruited. Read More

COPD 2017 02 8;14(1):15-22. Epub 2016 Nov 8.

e Unità Operativa di Pneumologia , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experiencing several episodes of acute clinical derangement suffer from increased morbidity, mortality, and accelerated decline in lung function. Nevertheless, the relationship between co-morbidity profile and exacerbation rates in the frequent exacerbator phenotype is poorly characterized, and evidence-based management guidelines are lacking. We sought to evaluate the co-morbidity profile and treatment patterns of "frequent exacerbators" with severe or very severe airflow limitation. Read More

Nat Rev Urol 2016 11 31;13(11):654-662. Epub 2016 Aug 31.

Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356510, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Kidney stone imaging is an important diagnostic tool and initial step in deciding which therapeutic options to use for the management of kidney stones. Guidelines provided by the American College of Radiology, American Urological Association, and European Association of Urology differ regarding the optimal initial imaging modality to use to evaluate patients with suspected obstructive nephrolithiasis. Noncontrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis consistently provides the most accurate diagnosis but also exposes patients to ionizing radiation. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2016 Nov 22;86(11):934-936. Epub 2015 Apr 22.

Surgical Division, Mackay Base Hospital, Mackay, Queensland, Australia.

Background: An emergency JJ stent is occasionally required to manage a patient with obstructive uropathy. In regional centres where there is no emergency urology service available, general surgeons are required to perform ureteric stent insertions. The aim of our study is to assess the efficacy of general surgeons in ureteric stent insertion. Read More

J Endourol Case Rep 2016 1;2(1):159-161. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Department of Urology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv, Israel .

Obstructive nephropathy is an uncommon side effect of sulfadiazine, which is used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. We present a case of acute renal colic and urine extravasation of a patient shortly after she was started on this medication. A 31-year-old female presented with acute renal colic 2 weeks after starting treatment with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine for ocular toxoplasmosis. Read More

Presse Med 2016 Nov 3;45(11):1066-1069. Epub 2016 Sep 3.

Hôpital Laennec, service de néphrologie, Quimper, France. Electronic address:

Pediatr Emerg Care 2016 Aug;32(8):544-8

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Director of Emergency Ultrasound (Steimle), Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Plumb), Professor of Pediatrics (Corneli), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.

Anuria in children may arise from a host of causes and is a frequent concern in the emergency department. This review focuses on differentiating common causes of obstructive and nonobstructive anuria and the role of point-of-care ultrasound in this evaluation. We discuss some indications and basic techniques for bedside ultrasound imaging of the urinary system. Read More

COPD 2016 12 5;13(6):712-717. Epub 2016 Jul 5.

h Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with worse outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, its role in an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has not been reported. This was a retrospective cohort study during 2008-2012 at an academic medical center. AECOPD patients >18 years with available echocardiographic data were included. Read More