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Pediatr Int 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Children with cancer are at increased risk of life-threatening emergencies, either from the cancer itself or related to the cancer treatment. These conditions need to be assessed and treated as early as possible to minimize morbidity and mortality. Cardiothoracic emergencies encompass a variety of pathologies, including pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, massive hemoptysis, superior vena cava syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 27;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Urology, St George's Hospital, London, UK.

A 65-year-old female patient presented with a 2-day history of worsening right-sided abdominal pain and clinical signs of sepsis, on the background of a recent admission for pancolitis. Imaging revealed right ureteric herniation through the sciatic foramen with subsequent hydroureteronephrosis and radiological signs of severe pyelonephritis. The patient underwent emergency decompression with a percutaneous nephrostomy, followed by insertion of an antegrade stent to correct the ureteric hernia once the sepsis was appropriately treated. Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2018 20;2018:6283701. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Mucormycosis is a rare and invasive fungal disease with high mortality rate caused by members of the order Mucorales. Mucorales species are vasotrophic organisms that may cause angioinvasive disease in immunosuppressed hosts. Risk factors include diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, organ or bone marrow transplantation, neutropenia, burns, malignancies, and steroid therapy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 4;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, New Jersey, USA.

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (DIVC) is an uncommon embryological anatomic phenomenon.We report a 63-year-old woman with extensive right leg deep vein thrombosis who required an IVC filter due to contraindications for anticoagulation, but was found to have DIVC which required the placement of two IVC filters with good result. This report will review and summarise past reports of DIVC management to provide a guide for future clinicians, and review the embryological development, diagnosis and IVC filter placement options as they are based on the type of anatomic malformation encountered. Read More

Case Rep Crit Care 2018 29;2018:5248901. Epub 2018 Apr 29.

Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.

Background: Nontraumatic renal rupture due to pyelonephritis with obstructive uropathy is an uncommon but life-threatening situation.

Case Presentation: A 25-year-old female presented to the emergency department with acute worsening of abdominal pain that began four weeks earlier. She was found to have peritonitis, leukocytosis, severe lactic acidosis, and a pronounced anemia and imaging was consistent with nontraumatic renal rupture with retroperitoneal abscess, perforation of the colon, and severe necrotizing fasciitis of the right lower limb. Read More

G Ital Nefrol 2018 Mar;35(2)

Cattedra e U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Italia.

We describe the case of a previously 77-year-old man who accessed in our Nephrology Unit for acute kidney injury (AKI) on chronic kidney disease (CKD), gastric discomfort and vague urinary symptoms with apparently preserved diuresis and suspected "ascites". Physical examination confirmed the presence of abdominal effusion, even though ultrasound abdominal examination revealed the presence of a giant diverticular urinary bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of these rare complications by briefly reviewing the technical aspects and the possible consequences. Read More

Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2018 Apr 24;39(2):129-144. Epub 2017 Nov 24.

Department of Radiology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.

The kidneys are paired intra-abdominal organs which provide essential functions and maintain homeostasis throughout the human body. Numerous disease processes affect the kidneys and cause acute renal dysfunction or other potentially catastrophic complications. These conditions can be broadly categorized into obstructive, infectious, hemorrhagic, traumatic, and vascular diseases. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Feb 27;2018. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

JFK Medical Center North Campus, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA.

A 59-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, gout and obesity presented to the hospital with a chief complaint of worsening scrotal oedema. The patient endorsed associated symptoms of decreased force of stream on urination, stranguria and hesitancy with slight dysuria. Physical exam showed an effaced umbilicus and phallus with a hidden scrotum estimated to be 30×20×30 cm in size. Read More

Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2017 Dec 9;20(4):288-293. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Biliary and urinary obstructions can be managed endoscopically or cystoscopically, surgically or by percutansous intervention or drainage. If the obtructed system is infected, emergent decompression is needed. Early recognition and treatment is paramount in both conditions. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Oct 15;2017. Epub 2017 Oct 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.

A 46-year-old woman who had a recent total abdominal hysterectomy presented with a 1 month history of lower abdominal pain, 1 week of nausea and vomiting as well as decreased urinary output preceded by a year of significant unintentional weight loss. On renal imaging, she was found to have bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureters in the setting of bilateral distal ureteric obstruction complicated with acute kidney injury and severe hyperkalaemia requiring haemodialysis. The initial concern was for ureteric injury, a known complication of abdominal hysterectomy procedures, however, a urological intervention, performed 9 months later to relieve the ureteric obstruction, revealed purulent material within the left ureter that was smear positive for acid fast bacilli. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2017 Sep 2;12(1):75. Epub 2017 Sep 2.

Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian, Suite C-700, 200 Lothrop St. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

Background: Renal ultrasonography is part of the algorithm in assessing acute kidney injury (AKI). The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility of renal US in postoperative cardiac patients who develop AKI.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 90 postoperative cardiac surgery patients at a single institution from 1/19/2010 to 3/19/2016 who underwent renal US for AKI. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Aug 7;2017. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Centre, Netanya, Israel.

A relatively young healthy man (barring obesity and distant gouty arthritis) was admitted with severe acute kidney injury (serum creatinine, 15.9 mg/dL) following acute gastroenteritis and occasional use of diclofenac. Abdominal ultrasound revealed mild left hydronephrosis due to staghorn stone and normal right kidney. Read More

G Ital Nefrol 2017 Aug 1;34(4):72-82. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale DiVenere, Bari.

We describe the case of a 45-year-old woman with a clinical history of breast cancer presenting with anuric renal failure, metabolic acidosis and bilateral grade 2-3 hydronephrosis. Following insertion of bilateral ureteral stents, urinary output was 5000 ml in the subsequent 24 hours with frankly bloody urine, after which anuria recurred. A new ultrasound examination showed hydronephrotic kidneys with properly positioned stents, a distended bladder free of clots and a hypo-anechoic, well-demarcated mass enveloping the aorta. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2017 Oct 14;25(7):652-658. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

1 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) often manifests in patients with liver disease because of a prerenal cause and presents as acute tubular necrosis or hepatorenal syndrome. Distinguishing between these entities is important for prognosis and treatment. Some patients may develop AKI related to their underlying liver disease: for example, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or IgA nephropathy. Read More

Urologia 2017 Aug 18;84(3):179-184. Epub 2017 May 18.

 Department of Urology, I.M. Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow - Russia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis (AP) and renal abscess.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred and seven patients with AP were followed up from 2010 throughout 2015. All the patients were divided into three groups. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Apr(2):109-111

E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical Academy, Perm.

The article reports a rare case of a 30-year-old man with Hirschsprung's disease, who developed a giant fecalith in the rectum and sigmoid (weight 3.5 kg, the largest diameter 20 cm). The fecalith impaired urine flow by compressing urinary tract, thereby causing acute urinary retention and right-sided hydronephrosis with acute obstructive pyelonephritis. Read More

Transplant Proc 2017 Jan - Feb;49(1):193-197

King Abdulaziz Medical City, Western Region, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Background: Isolated renal allograft aspergillosis is rare and usually presents with fever and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Presentation with obstructive uropathy caused by aspergillus fungal balls is much less common. We report a young male patient who presented with obstructive uropathy secondary to isolated renal allograft aspergillus infection 6 weeks after transplant. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 Jun 12;28(6):1723-1728. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation rénale, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France;

Vancomycin is a widely prescribed antibiotic, but the exact nature of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is unclear, in particular when considering the frequent coadministration of aminoglycosides. We describe here the initial case of a 56-year-old woman with normal renal function developing unexplained ARF without hypovolemia after administration of vancomycin without coadministration of aminoglycosides. Studying the patient's renal biopsy specimen, we ascertained that obstructive tubular casts composed of noncrystal nanospheric vancomycin aggregates entangled with uromodulin explained the vancomycin-associated ARF. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jan 6;2017. Epub 2017 Jan 6.

Department of Renal Transplant, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Ipsilateral inguinal herniation of the transplanted ureter has been reported as a rare cause of obstructive uropathy in renal transplant recipients. A 73-year-old man presented with acute renal failure 29 years after receiving a deceased donor renal transplant. Radiological investigations demonstrated marked hydronephrosis of the left iliac fossa transplant kidney and herniation of the distal transplant ureter and bladder into the right inguinal canal. Read More

Anaerobe 2017 Feb 8;43:75-77. Epub 2016 Dec 8.

Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Université Paris 11, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; CEA, DSV/iMETI, Division of Immuno-Virology, IDMIT, France; Inserm, U1184, Centre d'Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes, France.

Actinobaculum schaalii is a rarely reported, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium which role as uropathogen is emerging. We report here the case of a 47 year old HIV-1 infected woman presented with five recurrent episodes of obstructive pyelonephritis in the context of multiple renal stones. No bacteria was found until the fifth episode, during which prolonged urinary cultures as well as 16S rDNA sequencing allowed the diagnosis of A. Read More

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017 Jan 16;40(1):33-40. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PAE in weaning of catheter and relieving obstructive urinary symptoms in patients with acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and failed trial without catheter (TWOC).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study approved by the institutional review board, a signed informed consent was obtained. Eighteen consecutive patients with AUR due to BPH and failed TWOC were recruited. Read More

COPD 2017 02 8;14(1):15-22. Epub 2016 Nov 8.

e Unità Operativa di Pneumologia , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experiencing several episodes of acute clinical derangement suffer from increased morbidity, mortality, and accelerated decline in lung function. Nevertheless, the relationship between co-morbidity profile and exacerbation rates in the frequent exacerbator phenotype is poorly characterized, and evidence-based management guidelines are lacking. We sought to evaluate the co-morbidity profile and treatment patterns of "frequent exacerbators" with severe or very severe airflow limitation. Read More

Nat Rev Urol 2016 11 31;13(11):654-662. Epub 2016 Aug 31.

Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356510, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Kidney stone imaging is an important diagnostic tool and initial step in deciding which therapeutic options to use for the management of kidney stones. Guidelines provided by the American College of Radiology, American Urological Association, and European Association of Urology differ regarding the optimal initial imaging modality to use to evaluate patients with suspected obstructive nephrolithiasis. Noncontrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis consistently provides the most accurate diagnosis but also exposes patients to ionizing radiation. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2016 Nov 22;86(11):934-936. Epub 2015 Apr 22.

Surgical Division, Mackay Base Hospital, Mackay, Queensland, Australia.

Background: An emergency JJ stent is occasionally required to manage a patient with obstructive uropathy. In regional centres where there is no emergency urology service available, general surgeons are required to perform ureteric stent insertions. The aim of our study is to assess the efficacy of general surgeons in ureteric stent insertion. Read More

J Endourol Case Rep 2016 1;2(1):159-161. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Department of Urology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv, Israel .

Obstructive nephropathy is an uncommon side effect of sulfadiazine, which is used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. We present a case of acute renal colic and urine extravasation of a patient shortly after she was started on this medication. A 31-year-old female presented with acute renal colic 2 weeks after starting treatment with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine for ocular toxoplasmosis. Read More

Presse Med 2016 Nov 3;45(11):1066-1069. Epub 2016 Sep 3.

Hôpital Laennec, service de néphrologie, Quimper, France. Electronic address:

Pediatr Emerg Care 2016 Aug;32(8):544-8

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Director of Emergency Ultrasound (Steimle), Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Plumb), Professor of Pediatrics (Corneli), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.

Anuria in children may arise from a host of causes and is a frequent concern in the emergency department. This review focuses on differentiating common causes of obstructive and nonobstructive anuria and the role of point-of-care ultrasound in this evaluation. We discuss some indications and basic techniques for bedside ultrasound imaging of the urinary system. Read More

COPD 2016 12 5;13(6):712-717. Epub 2016 Jul 5.

h Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with worse outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, its role in an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has not been reported. This was a retrospective cohort study during 2008-2012 at an academic medical center. AECOPD patients >18 years with available echocardiographic data were included. Read More

Insights Imaging 2016 Oct 7;7(5):689-711. Epub 2016 Jun 7.

Department of Radiology, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.

Complicated urinary tract infections (C-UTIs) are those associated with structural or functional genitourinary abnormalities or with conditions that impair the host defence mechanisms, leading to an increased risk of acquiring infection or failing therapy. C-UTIs occur in patients with risk factors such as neurogenic dysfunction, bladder outlet obstruction, obstructive uropathy, bladder catheterisation, urologic instrumentation or indwelling stent, urinary tract post-surgical modifications, chemotherapy- or radiation-induced damage, renal impairment, diabetes and immunodeficiency.Multidetector CT and MRI allow comprehensive investigation of C-UTIs and systemic infection from an unknown source. Read More

Ann Vasc Surg 2016 Aug 26;35:147-55. Epub 2016 May 26.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.

Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) after surgical treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an independent predictor of post-operative mortality. Open repair for ruptured AAA has been the gold standard treatment; however, there has been a recent trend in increased utilization of endovascular repair (EVAR) for treatment of ruptured AAA. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review and compare the incidence of ARF among patients treated with open versus endovascular repair of ruptured AAA. Read More

Contrib Nephrol 2016 12;188:108-19. Epub 2016 May 12.

Chronic tubulointerstitial diseases are a common final pathway toward chronic renal failure regardless the primary damage (glomerular, vascular or directly the tubulointerstitium). Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTN) is characterized by interstitial scarring, fibrosis and tubule atrophy, resulting in progressive chronic kidney disease. Most frequent causes of CTN are drugs, heavy metals, obstructive uropathy, nephrolithiasis, reflux disease, immunologic diseases, neoplasia, ischemia, metabolic diseases, genetics and miscellaneous. Read More

Urologe A 2016 Apr;55(4):454-9

Klinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Andrologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland.

Background: Sepsis is an acute systemic response to the presence of bacteria and bacterial components in the macroorganism, and urosepsis is defined as sepsis caused by an infection in the urogenital tract. The urogenital tract is considered to be responsible for about 30 % of the cases of septic processes, whereby obstructive uropathy is causative in about 80 % of these cases. Sepsis manifests as an initially predominant proinflammatory response by widespread release of inflammatory mediators as a result of activation of cells responsive to infectious components such as bacterial toxins, which is then accompanied by a counter-regulatory anti-inflammatory response. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2015 Dec;11(497):2293-4, 2296-7

Due to its length and its small diameter, the ureter is exposed to a high obstructive risk which may be ascribed to extremely variable pathologies. Because of a remarkably active peristalsis, the clinical consequence is acute if the obstacle suddenly settles. The radiological sign of appeal is the pyelocalyceal dilatation, which is widely listed in the Western medical system, in consideration of the abundance of the practiced imaging. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2016 May 8;24(5):862-6. Epub 2016 Jan 8.

Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Anterior sacral meningoceles (ASMs) are rare defects in the sacrum with thecal sac herniations and symptoms that commonly include constipation, dysmenorrhea, and urinary disturbances. An ASM causing hydronephrosis and acute renal failure from compression of the lower portion of the urinary tract is a rare clinical entity. Only one other case has been reported. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jan 5;2016. Epub 2016 Jan 5.

University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK.

We present a case of a man in his late 50s with a history of metastatic prostate carcinoma requiring bilateral ureteric stenting. He was admitted with increasing confusion and lethargy. He was diagnosed with sepsis and an acute kidney injury (AKI). Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2016 09 14;31(9):1411-20. Epub 2015 Dec 14.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

Congenital obstructive nephropathy (CON) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Anomalies of the urinary tract are often associated with abnormal nephrogenesis, which is compounded by obstructive injury and by maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight. Currently available fetal and postnatal imaging and analytes of amniotic fluid, urine, or blood lack predictive value. Read More

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016 04 25;310(8):F763-F776. Epub 2015 Nov 25.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;

Ureteral obstruction is associated with oxidative stress and the development of fibrosis of the kidney parenchyma. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) is an essential DNA repair enzyme for repair of oxidative DNA lesions and regulates several transcription factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether APE1 is regulated by acute (24 h) and chronic (7 days) unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Read More

Klin Khir 2015 May(5):70-2

Renal function was studied, using radionuclide renography, in 142 patients, suffering acute obstructive pyelonephritis, in 73 of whom transcutaneous nephrostomy was applied and in 69--the ureter's stenting, for the urine passage restoration. The investigation was peformed in 1 month and 1 year after miniinvasive treatment. After comparison of the investigation results there was established, that after transcutaneous nephrostomy, using miniinvasive technologies, the affected kidney's functional inhibition was trustworthy less, than after stenting. Read More

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2016 Feb 13;87(3):523-31. Epub 2015 Aug 13.

Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) was demonstrated to adversely affect outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We compared predictors for AKI and associated outcomes according to various definitions among patients undergoing TAVI in a tertiary medical center.

Methods: Two-hundred and seventeen TAVI patients were evaluated for the occurrence of AKI according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)/Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) and Risk Injury Failure Loss End-Stage (RIFLE) definitions. Read More

Clin Respir J 2017 Jul 29;11(4):529-531. Epub 2015 Sep 29.

Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.

Introduction: We report a case in our center of unilateral urinothorax that occurred post percutaneous nephrolithotomy as a rare cause of pleural effusion and acute dyspnea.

Methods: Report of a case.

Results: Initial chest CT showed massive left sided pleural effusion from which biochemical investigations revealed exudative effusion and urinothorax. Read More

Hell J Nucl Med 2015 May-Aug;18(2):90-2. Epub 2015 Jul 20.

Clinic of Nuclear Medicine,University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Zdrave str., No 2, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Ultrasonography (US), radiography of the kidneys, ureters and bladder (RKUB), intravenous urography (IVU) and especially non-enchanced CT are well established diagnostic modalities in screening patients with urolithiasis, while not always fully diagnostic especially when obstructive uropathy or calculous pyelonephritis are present . Diuretic renal scintigraphy (DRS) can determine obstruction, may differentiate between complete or partial, acute or chronic obstruction, but can not specify the cause and often the location of obstruction. The imaging protocol, including DRS with technetium-99m-mercaptylacetyltriglycine ((99m)Tc-MAG3) and single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPET/CT) of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder allows for both functional and morphological information, visualization of renal stones and possible renal complications. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2015 19;20:264. Epub 2015 Mar 19.

Service d'anesthésie réanimation, Hôpital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.

BMJ 2015 May 21;350:h2708. Epub 2015 May 21.

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.

Clin Nephrol 2015 Aug;84(2):100-3

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is an uncommon condition in adults and may be caused by endothelial damage, stasis, or hypercoagulable states. RVT is commonly identified in patients with nephrotic syndrome or malignancy. We present the case of a 57-yearold man with no past medical history who presented with a 1-month history of abdominal pain, dysuria, and hematuria. Read More

Theranostics 2015 1;5(2):110-23. Epub 2015 Jan 1.

1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark;

Cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) plays a predominant role in the progression of kidney injury in obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of chitosan/small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles to knockdown COX-2 specifically in macrophages to prevent kidney injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Using optical imaging techniques and confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles accumulated in macrophages in the obstructed kidney. Read More

Eur Urol 2015 Mar 2;67(3):546-58. Epub 2014 Dec 2.

Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Paediatric Urology, Ankara, Turkey.

Context: In 30% of children with urinary tract anomalies, urinary tract infection (UTI) can be the first sign. Failure to identify patients at risk can result in damage to the upper urinary tract.

Objective: To provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and imaging of children presenting with UTI. Read More

Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2014 21;7:421-35. Epub 2014 Nov 21.

Renal Division, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) has recently emerged as an important noninvasive technique to assess intrarenal oxygenation under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Although this tool represents a major addition to our armamentarium of methodologies to investigate the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and progressive chronic kidney disease, numerous technical limitations confound interpretation of data derived from this approach. BOLD MRI has been utilized to assess intrarenal oxygenation in numerous experimental models of kidney disease and in human subjects with diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, renal allograft rejection, contrast-associated nephropathy, and obstructive uropathy. Read More

J Am Osteopath Assoc 2014 Dec;114(12):937

From Lakeland HealthCare in St Joseph, Michigan.

Am J Cardiol 2014 Oct 24;114(7):1029-34. Epub 2014 Jul 24.

Inserm U1094, School of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery and Angiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France.

Several studies demonstrated the prognostic importance of renal failure and peripheral artery disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but data regarding the prognostic value of renal artery disease in this context are scarce. We aimed to study the prevalence and prognostic value of renal artery disease in patients undergoing CABG. We assessed by duplex ultrasound the renal arteries of 429 consecutive patients who underwent CABG, of whom 401 had satisfactory imaging quality to detect >60% renal artery stenosis (RAS) and/or an elevated resistive index (ERI>0. Read More

Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 2014 ;17(2):59-64

Lecturer of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Background: The selection of optimal treatment for obstructive nephrouropathy requires information about the functional status of each kidney. Nuclear renal scanning objectively measure differential renal function. Multiple studies have demonstrated the role of CT in assessment of renal perfusion and GFR with triphasic CT. Read More