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BMJ Case Rep 2022 06 24;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Ophthalmology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 May 8;77:103600. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.

We report the occurrence of serous retinal detachment (SRD) in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). A 22-year-old man with no general or ophthalmological pathological history presented with an acute and bilateral decreased visual acuity. There was no notion of recent flu or recent vaccination. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022 05;11(5):23

Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, UK.

Purpose: The flicker electroretinogram (ERG) is a sensitive indicator of retinal dysfunction in birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR). We explored recordings from a handheld device in BCR, comparing these with conventional recordings in the same patients and with handheld ERGs from healthy individuals.

Methods: Non-mydriatic flicker ERGs, using the handheld RETeval system (LKC Technologies), were recorded with skin electrodes at two centers. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Jun 2;26:101563. Epub 2022 May 2.

Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.

Purpose: To describe a case of persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) complicated by macular neovascularization (MNV) that developed in areas of prior choroidal ischemia as illustrated with sequential optical coherence tomography angiography.

Observations: A 65-year-old man presented with unilateral decreased vision and creamy plaque-like macular lesions in both eyes (OU) upon fundus examination. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) demonstrated inner choroidal ischemia, corresponding to the placoid lesions, that persisted for several months consistent with a diagnosis of PPM. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Jun 20;26:101538. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.

Purpose: To report a uveomeningeal syndrome with bilateral optic disc edema and a MEWDS-like presentation.

Observations: A 17-year-old female experienced daily fevers for 3 days (ranging from 101.4 F to 102 F), then received the first dose of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine nearly three weeks later. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2022 06 2;45(6):655-657. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department A of Ophthalmology, Hedi Raies Institute, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022 Mar 24;15(4). Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Rue Charles-Monnard 6, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Non-infectious choroiditis comprises immune-mediated diseases resulting from diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. These conditions are sub-divided into two main groups, (1) diseases of the choriocapillaris and (2) diseases of the choroidal stroma. The purpose of this study is to expose the pathophysiology of the most common diseases of both these groups and recommend the optimal immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapy of each analyzed condition based on literature data and data from our own centers. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022 Apr 12:1-11. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: White dot syndromes are a heterogeneous group of diseases that affect different layers in the retina and choroid. Multimodal imaging is fundamental in the diagnosis, but also can be crucial in unveiling the pathogenesis of these entities.

Material And Methods: Literature review. Read More

Optom Vis Sci 2022 06 12;99(6):534-539. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Western University of Health Sciences College of Optometry, Pomona, California.

Significance: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is an uncommon inflammatory chorioretinopathy that has been reported after vaccination. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, after vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a healthy adolescent boy.

Purpose: This report aimed to inform the eye care community about a possible ocular sequela of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022 Apr 11:1-4. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Laboratory of Infectious Diseases in Ophthalmology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Introduction: Ampiginous Choroiditis is a rare posterior uveitis that combines clinical features of Acute Multifocal Posterior Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and Serpiginous Chorioretinitis. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood and further studies are necessary to understand which mechanisms start the immunologic reaction.

Case Report: The purpose of this article is to report a well-documented case of Ampiginous Choroiditis following in seven days a RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the infection might have contributed as a trigger. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 04;70(4):1418-1420

Director Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Netralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

To report a case of MEWDS post-COVID-19 infection with multimodal imaging. A 17-year-old boy reported blurring of vision in both eyes 2 months and 10 days following the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fundus examination revealed hypopigmented lesions nasal to the optic disc, inferior periphery, and near macula in both eyes. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2022 21;85(2):186-189. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Instituto Paulista de Estudos e Pesquisa em Oftalmologia, Instituto da Visão, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

A 38-year-old woman presented with photopsias and progressive but painless loss of vision in her right eye. Of note, she had received the first dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Sinovac/China National Pharmaceutical Group) 2 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed a wreath-like foveal pattern and multiple gray-white dots throughout the posterior pole associated with discrete vitreous inflammatory reaction. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 9;9:796667. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, China.

Purpose: To observe and analyze the clinical and multi-mode imaging features of eyes with PHOMS, and to introduce two cases of PHOMS which underwent multi-mode imaging.

Methods: Retrospective clinical observational study. A total of 26 patients (37 eyes) with hyperreflective structures surrounded by hyporeflective edges around the optic discs who were examined and diagnosed at Shandong Eye Hospital between January 2019 and June 2021 were included in the study. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 Jan 21;58(2). Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Purpose: Primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs) belong to a group of intraocular inflammatory diseases with the common characteristic of inflammatory choriocapillaris hypo- or non-perfusion as the main clinicopathological mechanism. The purpose of our article is to describe clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging, that can help the diagnosis and treatment of PICCPs.

Methods: Narrative review with multimodal imaging analysis. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 02;70(2):441-442

Department of Uvea and Ocular Inflammation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Feb;70(2):435-441

Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To describe the clinical profile, multimodal imaging, and treatment response in macular serpiginous choroiditis (MSC).

Methods: Clinical records of 16 eyes (14 patients) with MSC presenting to a tertiary eye care institute between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Mean age of 14 patients presenting with MSC was 33 ± 13 yrs with 64% males and 36% females. Read More

Ophthalmology 2022 02;129(2):180

Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Jan;101(2):e28582

Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

Rationale: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an acute, usually unilateral, retinal disorder of unknown etiology that predominantly occurs in healthy young women. We report a case of bilateral asymmetric MEWDS that developed following the first vaccination for coronavirus-19 and worsened after a second vaccination.

Patient Concerns: A 30-year-old Japanese woman was examined in an eye clinic for blurred vision in her left eye for 1 week duration. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2022 Jul-Aug;67(4):965-990. Epub 2022 Jan 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address:

An important goal of advancements in ocular imaging algorithms and devices has been to improve the image acquisition and resolution of deeper ocular tissues, namely the choroid and its vasculature that are otherwise inaccessible to direct clinical examination. These advancements have contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology of a number of ocular inflammatory conditions. We focus on the imaging characteristics of clinical conditions where imaging the choroid has improved or radically changed the understanding of the disease, has helped in differentiation of phenotypically similar but distinct lesions, and where imaging features have proven vital for monitoring disease activity. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 4;260(6):2013-2021. Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of adalimumab (ADA) therapy in patients with refractory punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and multifocal choroiditis (MFC).

Methods: Demographic and clinical data, including LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), were retrospectively collected. Doses of prednisone, immunomodulatory therapies (IMT), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections before and after baseline (ADA initiation) were recorded, as well as the time to clinical remission, time to first flare, and drug-associated adverse events. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Dec 27;21(1):452. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

Shenyang He Eye Specialist Hospital, No. 128 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, 110034, Liaoning Province, China.

Background: We report one case of rare acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in an elderly patient with hypertension and one case of common paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in a patient with diabetes mellitus to illustrate the difference between the two diseases.

Case Presentation: This report describes two cases, one involving AMN and the other PAMM. The first patient was a 70-year-old man complaining of blurred vision for 3 days. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2022 Feb 21;45(2):159-165. Epub 2021 Dec 21.

CHU Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France. Electronic address:

Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare disease characterized by involvement of the outer retinal layers of the macula. The diagnosis of AMN is based on multimodal imaging, combining infrared reflectance (IR) imaging and optical coherence tomography with B-scan analysis (OCT-B). The en face OCT is a tomographic image processing technique, integrating data from entire A-scans to create a frontal retinal image of the desired area. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Dec 19;10(24). Epub 2021 Dec 19.

Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can cause transient local and systemic post-vaccination reactions. The aim of this study was to report uveitis and other ocular complications following COVID-19 vaccination. The study included 42 eyes of 34 patients (20 females, 14 males), with a mean age of 49. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 01;70(1):345-346

Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Retina 2022 04;42(4):669-678

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy (MFC/PIC) in eyes with patchy atrophy because of pathologic myopia.

Methods: Five hundred eyes of 253 patients with patchy atrophy were examined between 2014 and 2020 at the Advanced Clinical Center for Myopia. The main outcome measures included the prevalence and characteristics of active MFC/PIC lesions diagnosed by optical coherence tomography. Read More

Digit J Ophthalmol 2021 5;27(3):44-47. Epub 2021 Aug 5.

Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

We report a case of type 2 acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) that occurred in an otherwise healthy 22-year-old white woman taking oral contraceptives and consuming large quantities of caffeinated coffee. The patient presented with a teardrop-shaped scotoma just inferior to her central vision in her left eye after a recent and significant increase in coffee consumption. A small extrafoveal retinal lesion was present superior to the fovea on pseudocolor fundus photography. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Dec 15;15(1):593. Epub 2021 Dec 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0431, Japan.

Background: The chorioretinal inflammatory lesions occurring in punctate inner choroiditis evolve into punched-out atrophic scars. Typically, the progression is gradual. We report a case of highly myopic punctate inner choroiditis with rapid progression of chorioretinal atrophy. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Dec 10;21(1):427. Epub 2021 Dec 10.

Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Wutong West Road 989, Hu Li District, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.

Purpose: To study whether retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disruption and choroidal hyper-transmission on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) are signs of inflammatory neovascularization (CNV) in punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC).

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Seventeen patients (18 eyes) were diagnosed as PIC without CNV at baseline. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Dec 1:1-4. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.

Purpose: To report a case with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)-like presentation following the first dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination.

Case Report: An otherwise healthy 45-year-old woman presented with a headache and blurred vision in her right eye 7 days after the administration of first dose of mRNA (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccine. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed multiple discrete yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of deep retinal layers throughout the posterior pole, while left fundus was unremarkable at that time. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2021 Dec 21;96(12):658-662. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Departamento de Oftalmología, Madrid, Spain.

A clinical case is presented in order to show the usefulness of multimodal analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR). A 22 year-old patient was seen in the emergency department complaining of photopsia and paracentral scotoma of the left eye. Several structural and functional tests were performed and the patient was diagnosed with AZOOR. Read More