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Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020 May 17;19(S1):91-94. Epub 2020 May 17.

Eye Research Center, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Retina, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an inflammatory eye disease of the outer retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid presenting with photopsia, loss of vision, and temporal scotoma. The patient was a 31-year-old female with a history of vision loss since 11 days ago (left eye). At presentation, best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was 20/140 in the Snellen chart. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Apr;99(15):e19794

Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital.

Rationale: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a self-limited multifocal chorioretinopathy that typically affects otherwise healthy young females in the second to fourth decades of life. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of MEWDS is still limited. One of the possible underlying causes is an infectious etiology. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2020 13;2020:7049168. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.

A 28-year-old man presented to the emergency room with blurred vision in the right eye for two days. He reported a preceding flu-like illness one week earlier. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 Feb 20:1-8. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

: Placoid-pigment-epitheliopathies like Acute-Posterior-Multifocal-Placoid-Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and Relentless-Placoid-Choroidopathy (RPC) usually show bilateral involvement. This retrospective case series describes the clinical features with unilateral disease onset.: 21 patients from 9 tertiary referring institutions were collected and evaluated. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2020 05 4;213:244-251. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, City Road, London, United Kingdom; University College London Institute of OphthalmologyBath Street, London, United Kingdom; Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.

Purpose: To develop a robust approach to clinical phenotyping of multifocal choroiditis (MFC) and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC).

Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study.

Methods: This multicenter study included sites in the United Kingdom and Israel. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Mar 29;43(3):243-255. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Ophthalmology department, Besançon University Regional Medical Centre, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France. Electronic address:

Placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis are among the white dot retinal syndromes and possess similarities that can cause confusion between these two diseases. However, they are very different in terms of their progression and prognosis, which requires a diagnosis of certainty in order to better manage the patients with the diseases and identify potentially serious progressive complications. The clinical presentation, results of testing, differential diagnoses and treatment of these two pathologies are discussed in this article. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2020 Jan 27. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

Ophthalmology Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.

Purpose: To report a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy occurring in temporal association with multiple immunizations in a previously healthy 25-year-old woman.

Methods: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy was diagnosed based on ophthalmological findings of bilateral placoid subretinal lesions complicated by a serous retinal detachment in the left eye.

Results: Through HLA typing, the patient was found to possess the HLA-B*40 and HLA-DB1*15 alleles. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Feb 10;43(2):e55-e66. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

Ophthalmology Department, Besançon University Regional Medical Center, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France. Electronic address:

Placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis are among the white dot retinal syndromes and possess similarities that can cause confusion between these two diseases. However, they are very different in terms of their progression and prognosis, which requires a diagnosis of certainty in order to better manage the patients with the diseases and identify potentially serious progressive complications. The clinical presentation, results of testing, differential diagnoses and treatment of these two pathologies are discussed in this article. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 15;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 15.

Michigan Retina Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA.

This case identifies a newly found association between energy drinks and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Our patient, a 34-year-old woman with no significant ocular or previous medical history, presented with a 3-day history of decreased vision after consumption of multiple energy drinks. After near infrared and optical coherence tomography imaging, we were able to diagnose her with AMN. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Dec 9;16:100574. Epub 2019 Nov 9.

West Virginia University, Department of Radiology, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, United States.

Purpose: To report an atypical case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) with central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis and recurrent strokes.

Observations: A 57 year-old female presented with APMPPE after a febrile illness and rash. She developed an acute infarct on magnetic resonance imaging. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2019 Nov 21. Epub 2019 Nov 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Purpose: To present an atypical case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a 15 year old treated with immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods: Interventional case report.

Results: On initial presentation, the vision was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/300 in the left eye. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 11;50(11):675-683

Background And Objective: To describe the prevalence and anatomic correlates for hyperautofluorescence related to outer retinal disruption in eyes with multifocal choroiditis (MFC).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective review of MFC patients.

Results: Fifty-nine eyes from 37 patients were analyzed. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2019 Dec;116(12):1235-1256

Universitäts-Augenklinik, Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Deutschland.

The white dot syndromes include a group of diseases which are characterized by multiple yellowish-white foci in the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. For clinicians and researchers alike they present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. White dot syndromes include primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies, such as acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)/acute multifocal ischemic choriocapillaropathy (AMIC), multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS)/acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement (AIBSE), multifocal choroiditis (MFC), punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), serpiginous choroiditis (SC), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Oct 23:1120672119883598. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.

An atypical case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy with a clear reappearance of the ellipsoid layer of the retina after Ozurdex intravitreal implantation is presented. A 51-year-old woman reported a 3-week history of left eye photopsia. On slit-lamp examination, yellowish placoid lesions were found on her left eye fundus. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 09;50(9):566-572

Background And Objective: To evaluate the flow characteristics and textural properties of choriocapillaris (CC) on optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with resolved inflammatory choriocapillaropathies and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Patients And Methods: A cohort of eyes with healed acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), serpiginous choroiditis (SC), and VKH disease were included. A 3 mm × 3 mm OCT angiogram of CC was acquired and graded for flow characteristics and textural properties. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2019 08 29;82(5):432-435. Epub 2019 Aug 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

A 27-year-old man presented with a complaint of decreased visual acuity in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Right eye fundoscopy revealed mild vitritis, multifocal yellowish lesions, and macular serous retinal detachment. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Aug 31;13(1):274. Epub 2019 Aug 31.

Centro Italiano Macula, Via Angelo Brofferio, 7, 00196, Rome, Italy.

Background: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome most often resolves spontaneously without complications; however, choroidal neovascularization can sometimes occur.

Case Presentation: Here, we describe a case of a 22-year-old white Caucasian man with blurred vision in his left eye who exhibited juxtapapillary choroidal neovascularization on optical coherence tomography angiography. Although multiple evanescent white dot syndrome is often self-limiting, to reduce the possibility of an inflammatory reaction, we preferred to administer prednisolone orally. Read More

Cureus 2019 Jun 14;11(6):e4903. Epub 2019 Jun 14.

Internal Medicine, Marietta Memorial Hospital, Marietta, USA.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), an inflammatory retinal condition seen predominantly in young adult patients, is characterized by unilateral vision loss with variable scotomas. The etiology of MEWDS is currently elusive and the formal mechanism is unknown. However, it must be differentiated from other white dot syndromes (WDS). Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Nov 5;257(11):2505-2516. Epub 2019 Aug 5.

Rheumatology Department and Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Prof. Martín Lagos Street, 20840, Madrid, Spain.

Purpose: To compare the clinical prognosis among selected white dot syndromes (WDS) (birdshot chorioretinopathy (BRC), multifocal choroiditis, serpiginous choroidopathy (SC), and others) and to identify risk factors of poor visual prognosis.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study including 84 patients (143 affected eyes) diagnosed with WDS between 1982 and July 2017, followed up until loss of follow-up or December 2017, and recruited from three Uveitis Clinics (Madrid Community, Spain). Our main outcome measures were temporary or permanent moderate (corrected visual acuity in the Snellen scale < 20/50) or severe (< 20/200) vision losses, and development of new ocular complications. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019 9;2019:9217656. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

A 17-year-old male presented with acute bilateral paracentral scotomata and blurred vision. Funduscopic examination showed bilateral macular serous retinal detachment and yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of retinal pigment epithelium. OCT study showed typical VKH disease findings with marked choroidal thickening and macular serous retinal detachment partly with subretinal septa in both eyes. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 07;50(7):428-436

Background And Objective: To describe retinal and choroidal findings in different stages of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective, noncomparative case series studied by fundus biomicroscopy, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT), and swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA).

Results: Six eyes of three patients with bilateral APMPPE were included. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Jul 8;29(1_suppl):27-31. Epub 2019 Jul 8.

Ophthalmology Department, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.

Purpose: To describe the diagnostic complexities of a patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy.

Case Report: A healthy female presented with acute bilateral visual field loss and photopsia. On initial examination, her visual acuity, colour vision, fundus examination and fluorescein angiography were normal. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Apr;10(1):145-152. Epub 2019 May 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Adalimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor-ɑ monoclonal antibody, was recently reported to be effective in lowering the risk of recurrence of noninfectious uveitis. This is the first case series of adalimumab administrations for relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC) patients.

Case Presentation: We report 2 cases of RPC where successful treatments were achieved with adalimumab. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 05;50(5):281-287

Background And Objective: To describe the multimodal imaging characteristics associated with punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis (PORT).

Patients And Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, observational case series of three patients who presented with PORT. Multimodal imaging was reviewed including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography, and conventional dye-based angiography. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Jun 23;14:87-91. Epub 2019 Mar 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Purpose: Relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC) is a new disease concept that was proposed by Jones et al. in 2000. Some cases of RPC have been reported; however, a treatment strategy has not yet been established. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Mar;33(1):66-80. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare ocular lymphoid malignancy, which consists a subset of primary central system lymphoma (PCNSL) and the most common type of intraocular lymphoma. The involvement of eyes is estimated to be approximately 20% of PCNSL, but the brain involvement may be up to 80% of PVRL. Typically, PVRL is a high grade B-cell malignancy of the retina and needs to be assorted from choroidal low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019 May 28;175(5):329-331. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Service de neurologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1434, centre d'investigation clinique, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1119, biopathologie de la myéline, neuroprotection et stratégies thérapeutiques, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2019 May-Jun;82(3):233-235. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

A 21-year-old man presented with visual acuity of 20/200 in both eyes. The fundus picture, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography revealed severe bilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serous macular detachments. We treated the patient with triamcinolone acetonide, an intravitreal injection (4 mg/0. Read More

J Neurol 2019 06 20;266(6):1539-1540. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 05;137(5):584-585

Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 05;137(5):583-584

Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles.

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Mar 5;42(3):303-321. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Department of ophthalmology, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis characterized by the formation of epithelioid and giant cell granulomas without caseous necrosis. To make the diagnosis, it is necessary to prove systemic granulomatosis involving at least two organs; but in practice, a combination of clinical, paraclinical and histologic findings is used. It affects predominantly women with a bimodal age distribution: 25-29years and 65-69years. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 03;67(3):325-333

Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Serpiginous choroiditis (SC) is an asymmetrically bilateral inflammation of the choroid that leads to loss of choriocapillaris atrophy or loss of overlying retinal pigment epithelium. Over the last few decades, SC has passed through a long evolution of nomenclature, etiologies and morphological variations. Initially diagnosed in patients with tuberculosis and syphilis, SC was predominantly considered as autoimmune process. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 02;50(2):e52-e55

As rates of infectious syphilis continue to rise in the U.S., it is important to be familiar with known manifestations of ocular syphilis as well as report presentations not previously described in the literature. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2019 Sep 4;94(9):460-464. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Clínica Vista Sánchez Trancón, Badajoz, España.

A case is presented of a 61 year-old man with a personal history of serpiginous choroiditis (SC), who presented with metamorphopsia and decreased visual acuity (VA) in his right eye (RE). In the examination, using Swept Source OCT-angiography (SS OCT-A), peripapillary haemorrhage secondary to a choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) was observed. The patient was treated with intravitreal aflibercept, having a favourable outcome on his symptomatology and in the SS OCT-A findings. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 1;19(1):39. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No.176 Qingnian Rd, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.

Background: Multifocal choroiditis (MFC) is multi-inflammatory lesions that occur in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choriocapillaris. Optical examinations are the major diagnostic methods to diagnose the disease.

Objective: To examine patients with different types of MFC by multiple imageological methods. Read More

R I Med J (2013) 2019 Feb 1;102(1):60-61. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Section of Ophthalmology, Providence VA Medical Center; Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI.

[Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2019-02.asp]. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jan;98(4):e14259

Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center.

Rationale: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has the advantage to visualize the microvascular structure of the retina in vivo and was utilized clinically in various neovascular retinal diseases. The OCT-A has also been used to examine the lesion in multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP). This study aimed to describe a case of MCP and present the disease process of a punched-out lesion in the chorioretina with neovascular activity using OCT-A. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2019 Jun;39(2):260-267

Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (RNM, GPVS, RR, GJH) and Neurology (LS), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Blue Sky Neurology (NHK), Denver, Colorado; Department of Pathology and Immunology (CJF, RES, SD, GJH), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology (JT), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Neurology (AD), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

A 21-year-old man experienced unilateral vision loss associated with multiple atrophic chorioretinal lesions. He was treated for a presumptive diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis, but his vision did not improve with antiviral therapy. Over the course of several weeks, his symptoms progressed to involve both eyes. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2019 31;13:95-105. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,

Purpose: To characterize and compare choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to white dot syndromes (WDS) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which we imaged patients with CNV secondary to WDS and AMD with either the Zeiss Angioplex OCT-A or Optovue AngioVue OCT-A. Relevant demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and analyzed. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2018;1085:233-237

Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a presumed inflammatory disorder with outer retinal dysfunction. Typically, the onset is acute and it is unilateral, with symptoms of photopsias and nasal field loss; scotoma is usually contiguous with the optic nerve. Later, the other eye is involved in nearly three fourths of patients. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 04 15;200:138-149. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France. Electronic address:

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate temporal trends in multifocal ERG (mfERG) parameters and analyze their relationships with anatomic and functional markers in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR).

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: Sixteen BSCR patients were include and underwent 2 standardized follow-up (FU) visits within 5 years following a baseline examination, including mfERG, visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF), Lanthony desaturated panel D-15 test for color vision, quality of life (QoL), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Sep;62(3):183-187

Anatomy Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

White dot syndromes consists a group of inflammatory eye diseases with an unknown etiology involving the external retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid or combinations of them. They affect one or both eyes, at the same time or not. White dot syndromes are often self-limited, with a variable prognosis, depending on the type of the disease. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Dec 3;24:8734-8749. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to review the causes, presentation, and clinicopathological associations of uveitis in a single department of ophthalmology in Poland, and to compare the findings with previously published studies from other European countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of local patient records between 2005-2015 identified patients diagnosed with uveitis. Data obtained included age, gender, imaging findings, and laboratory diagnostic findings. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2019 Sep 24;39(9):2111-2120. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Inflammatory and Retinal Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS) at Montchoisi Teaching Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Purpose: To establish the prevalence, morphologic and functional characteristics and evolution of mild birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC).

Methods: Retrospective review of all BRC cases treated at the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland, with at least 3 years of follow-up since the initial symptoms. Sub-Tenon's injection of triamcinolone was the first line of treatment if visual field changes were unilateral, with no additional treatment if visual field returned to normal. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 11;49(11):859-869

Background And Objectives: To analyze the panorama optical coherence tomography angiography (P-OCTA) characteristics of serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC) and to correlate these findings with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Patients And Methods: Prospective, observational study of 32 eyes of 24 patients. Twenty-seven eyes of 16 patients who met inclusion criteria were included in the final study. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;66(12):1858-1859

Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;66(12):1856-1858

Department of Vitreo-Retina, Retina Foundation, Near Shahibag Underbridge, Shahibag, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Front Immunol 2018 30;9:2463. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.

Four inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules: birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A29:02), ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27), Behçet's disease (HLA-B51), and psoriasis (HLA-C06:02). The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 are also risk factors for these diseases. Since both enzymes are involved in the final processing steps of MHC-I ligands it is reasonable to assume that MHC-I-bound peptides play a significant pathogenetic role. Read More