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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Jun 23;14:87-91. Epub 2019 Mar 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Purpose: Relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC) is a new disease concept that was proposed by Jones et al. in 2000. Some cases of RPC have been reported; however, a treatment strategy has not yet been established. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Service de neurologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1434, centre d'investigation clinique, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1119, biopathologie de la myéline, neuroprotection et stratégies thérapeutiques, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

A 21-year-old man presented with visual acuity of 20/200 in both eyes. The fundus picture, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography revealed severe bilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serous macular detachments. We treated the patient with triamcinolone acetonide, an intravitreal injection (4 mg/0. Read More

J Neurol 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

J Neuroophthalmol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (RNM, GPVS, RR, GJH) and Neurology (LS), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Blue Sky Neurology (NHK), Denver, Colorado; Department of Pathology and Immunology (CJF, RES, SD, GJH), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology (JT), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Neurology (AD), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

A 21-year-old man experienced unilateral vision loss associated with multiple atrophic chorioretinal lesions. He was treated for a presumptive diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis, but his vision did not improve with antiviral therapy. Over the course of several weeks, his symptoms progressed to involve both eyes. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Sep;62(3):183-187

Anatomy Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

White dot syndromes consists a group of inflammatory eye diseases with an unknown etiology involving the external retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid or combinations of them. They affect one or both eyes, at the same time or not. White dot syndromes are often self-limited, with a variable prognosis, depending on the type of the disease. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2018 30;2018:1656131. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Eye Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPEE) is a chorioretinal inflammatory disease of unknown origin. Patients usually present with a rapid loss of central/paracentral vision over the course of a week in both eyes. The fundus exhibits rapid appearance of multiple deep subretinal yellow-white, flat lesions at the RPE/choriocapillaris level. Read More

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2018 Nov 3;8(1):20. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

Background: White dot syndromes (WDS) are a group of idiopathic multifocal inflammatory conditions that can be recognized and distinguished by lesion morphology, other specific clinical features, imaging findings, and disease course. Our purpose is to describe an atypical case of WDS with choriocapillaris ischemia shown by multimodal imaging including swept-source OCT angiography (OCTA) in a 30-year-old woman with latent tuberculosis.

Findings: At presentation, visual acuity in the left eye was 20/500. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 10:1120672118804383. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

3 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Twenty-six-year-old male patient admitted to the outpatient clinic with a complaint of decreased vision in both eyes. Visual acuity was 2/10 in the right and 7/10 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed bilateral yellow-white subretinal lesions involving the macula. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2018 Sep 31;41(7):e303-e305. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Amiens Picardie, boulevard Laennec, 80054 Salouel, France.

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(7):1243-1244. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy.

Neurohospitalist 2018 Jul 17;8(3):146-151. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a self-limited idiopathic inflammatory ophthalmologic condition with characteristic funduscopic and fluorescein angiography findings. It is typically characterized by a flu-like prodrome followed by monocular or binocular vision loss. Often, prognosis is excellent with complete or near-complete recovery of vision. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Apr 10;18(1):87. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Sacrocuore Hospital, Via Don Sempreboni 5 - Negrar, 37024, Verona, Italy.

Background: Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICG-A) and Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT) are essential imaging techniques for diagnosis, management and understanding of the pathophysiology of many chorioretinal diseases. Herein, we report the ICG-A and EDI-OCT findings from a case of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE), in which these imaging techniques enable the visualization of more diagnostic details than those observable with other widely used diagnostic tools.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old white female presented with bilateral blurred vision for few days. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Mar 20;18(1):76. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.

Background: Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare inflammatory eye disease that affects the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and outer retina. The purpose of this study was to describe its presentations, as well as its prognosis in a series of untreated patients.

Methods: Records of patients seen in the department of Ophthalmology at Cochin University Hospital, Paris, between April 2002 and June 2015 were retrospectively studied. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Feb 8:1-6. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.

Purpose: To describe a case series of ocular complications associated with upper respiratory tract infections.

Methods: Four patients aged 21-61 years (three females, one male) had confirmed ocular complications connected with a general upper respiratory tract infection with myalgia and fever. Ophthalmological examination, including a visual acuity test, a slit-lamp exam, intraocular pressure measurements, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and diagnostic tests for influenza were performed in the patients (RT-PCR, HAI). Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2017 Aug 15;41(4):202-206. Epub 2017 Mar 15.

Department of Neurological Sciences and Stanley Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) is a systemic inflammatory condition usually associated with autoimmune or neoplastic processes and characterised by inflammatory dermatologic lesions such as erythematous plaques and papules associated with fever and leukocytosis. Neurological and ophthalmological involvement is rare. The authors describe an unusual case of Sweet syndrome associated with microscopic polyangiitis presenting with papilloedema, anterior uveitis, and skin rash. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2016 12;55(4):667-670

Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

Multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis is an infectious variety of serpiginous choroiditis. The disease is characterized by infectious etiology and overlapping clinical features in an intermediary form of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis. In a 33-year-old patient, bilateral multiple placoid partially confluent chorioretinal lesions were diagnosed after a febrile flu-like episode. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2017 Oct 6;31(10):1399-1408. Epub 2017 Oct 6.

Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine a sequence of structural changes in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) and comparing with other imaging modalities.Patients and methodsPatients with a new diagnosis of acute-onset APMPPE referred to a regional specialist centre from October 2015 to October 2016 were included. Multimodal imaging employed on all patients from diagnosis included the following: fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT), and OCT-A. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 29;26(8):1212-1218. Epub 2017 Sep 29.

a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate retinal and choroidal changes in patients with non-granulomatous choroiditis using the multimodality imaging (MMI).

Methods: Eight eyes of four patients were analyzed. Three patients (six eyes) were diagnosed with serpiginous choroiditis (SC) and one patient (two eyes) with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017 09;48(9):727-733

Background And Objective: New imaging methods provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).

Patients And Methods: Four patients (eight eyes) in acute, subacute, and late phases of the disease were analyzed with multi-modal imaging methods including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), structural OCT, fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence. One patient was observed during the entire disease course. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017 08;48(8):638-646

Background And Objective: To compare patterns of choroidal hypoperfusion in white dot syndromes (WDS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Patients And Methods: Consecutive patients with WDS were imaged with either the Zeiss AngioPlex OCT Angiography (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) or the AngioVue OCT Angiography (Optovue, Fremont, CA) from February to November 2016. Four patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) were selected. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2018 Sep 4;235(9):1049-1054. Epub 2017 Apr 4.

Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena.

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare inflammatory chorioretinopathy, which mainly affects young light-skinned, myopic adults between 20 and 30 years of age. The exact aetiology of APMPPE is unknown. Some patients report a viral or flu-like illness preceding the onset of APMPPE symptoms. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2017 20;3:12. Epub 2017 Mar 20.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA.

The white dot syndromes (WDS) are a diverse group of posterior uveitidies that share similar clinical findings but are unique from one another. Multimodal imaging has allowed us to better understand the morphology, the activity and age of lesions, and whether there is CNV associated with these different ocular pathologies. The "white dot syndromes" and their uveitic masqueraders can now be anatomically categorized based on lesion localization. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2017 Mar 2;23:1106-1115. Epub 2017 Mar 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the clinical course and distinctive features of different white dot syndromes (WDS) in patients attending the Ophthalmology Department, Medical University of Warsaw in the years 1995-2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-two (62) patients (43 females and 19 males), aged 18 to 77 years, referred with a WDS were included in this prospective study, with observation period ranging from 5 months to 16 years. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and multimodal imaging studies. Read More

Retina 2018 Jan;38(1):39-48

Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Purpose: To characterize lesions of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) by multimodal imaging including adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO).

Methods: We included patients with APMPPE at different stages of evolution of the placoid lesions. Color fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, infrared reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, and AOSLO images were obtained and registered to correlate microstructural changes. Read More

Retina 2017 Nov;37(11):2084-2094

*Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and †Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Purpose: To investigate choroidal involvement in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).

Methods: A retrospective observational case series using multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.

Results: Five patients with APMPPE were included. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 03;135(3):186

Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 03;135(3):185

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 Feb;135(2):169-171

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

J Clin Neurol 2016 Oct;12(4):460-467

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background And Purpose: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an immune-mediated chorioretinal disease that causes acute visual symptoms with characteristic ophthalmoscopic findings. Neurological complications are rarely reported in the literature. Here we report two new cases of APMPPE that presented with neurological manifestations, one of which was associated with peripheral neuropathy, which has not been described before. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2017 Winter;11 Suppl 1:S136-S143

*Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; †LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York; ‡Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California; §Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California; ¶Department of Ophthalmology, Staten Island University Hospital, New York, New York; **Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and ††Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Purpose: To describe multimodal imaging findings of an evolving case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy occurring in a young healthy male.

Methods: Case report of a patient with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy including comprehensive systemic and ocular examinations. Ultra-widefield autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and serial optical coherence tomography angiography were performed. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2017 Winter;11 Suppl 1:S81-S85

*Service d'Ophtalmologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; and †Quinze-Vingts Hospital Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire SightMaintain, Institut National de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)-Direction de l'Hospitalisation et de l'Organisation des Soins CIC, Paris, France.

Purpose: To determine what retinal layer is primarily involved in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome compared with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy using multimodal imaging including indocyanine green angiography.

Methods: Color fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography, ICGA and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of two typical acute cases, one of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and one of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, were assessed and compared.

Results: In both diseases, white plaques or dots were seen at the posterior pole. Read More

Springerplus 2016 1;5(1):1471. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON Canada.

Introduction: VKH disease is a chronic, bilateral, granulomatous panuveitis with potential involvement of neurological, auditory and integumentary systems. On the other hand, APMPPE is believed to be an immune-driven chorioretinal vascular disease characterized by multifocal, flat, grey-white placoid lesions at the level of the RPE. We describe a case with overlapping figures of both conditions. Read More

Srp Arh Celok Lek 2016 Sep-Oct;144(9-10):527-30

Introduction: Relentless placoid chorioretinitis is an entity which belongs to the group of an atypical intermediate form of primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies, resembling both acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis, but the retinal distribution and clinical course are not the same. Because of this similarity this entity was termed “AMPPiginous”. This entity was first described by Jones et al. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2016 Dec 31;4:60-63. Epub 2016 Aug 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.

Purpose: To report a case of acute placoid multifocal posterior pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) following influenza vaccination. The patient exhibited granulomatous uveitis during the recovery phase.

Observations: A woman in her thirties developed flu-like symptoms seven days after receiving an influenza vaccination. Read More

Retina 2017 May;37(5):851-857

*Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and †G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Purpose: To quantify the external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption and photoreceptor volume changes in eyes with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) at the acute and resolution phases.

Methods: Retrospective study of 10 eyes of 5 patients with APMPPE. Intact ELM and the Bruch's membrane were manually traced using ImageJ software and their lengths from each scan of the Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography macular volume were summed. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2017 Jun 28;37(3):733-736. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.

Few cases have been reported describing choroidal vasculature in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. We report choroidal vasculature changes in an APMPPE patient with the clinical course characterized by OCT angiography. A 39-year-old female was referred to us for bilateral multiple white spots in bilateral fundus. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016 07;47(7):677-81

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides noninvasive in vivo vascular imaging of the retina and choriocapillaris. To highlight OCTA utility, the authors align structural changes and their resolution with functional outcome. The authors present a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and sequential changes during transition to inactive disease. Read More

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2016 Dec 13;6(1):22. Epub 2016 Jun 13.

Vitreoretinal Unit, University Eye Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Hessen, Germany.

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an uncommon disorder of unknown etiology affecting the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, and the choroid. Although several etiological factors have been suggested, none has been confirmed. We report a case of APMPPE associated with acute infection of Borreliosis. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2016 08;134(8):943-5

Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento.

Clin Exp Optom 2016 Jul 9;99(4):385-7. Epub 2016 Jun 9.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Medical School, Greece.

J Clin Neurosci 2016 Sep 12;31:76-80. Epub 2016 May 12.

Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address:

Acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (AMPPE) is an autoimmune chorioretinal disease that can be complicated by neurological involvement. There is limited information on this potentially treatable condition in the neurological literature. The objective of this patient series is to describe the neurological complications of AMPPE. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2017 Jan;114(1):60-65

Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.

This article reports the case of a 32-year-old female patient who presented with severe spasmodically occurring retrobulbar pain, headaches and light sensitivity. The neurological examination confirmed cephalalgia but no evidence of other neurological symptoms was found. Ophthalmoscopy revealed yellowish patchy lightened spots in the middle periphery. Read More

Retina 2016 Oct;36(10):2013-21

*Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; †Ophthalmological Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS-Cà Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and ‡Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.

Purpose: To detect choriocapillaris changes by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in areas of choriocapillaris hypoperfusion visualized on indocyanine green angiography.

Methods: Combined indocyanine green angiography and EDI-OCT from patients diagnosed with inflammatory choriocapillaris hypoperfusion were retrospectively analyzed. The EDI-OCTs were compared with indocyanine green angiography to detect choriocapillaris changes suggestive of choriocapillaris hypoperfusion in both active stage (AS) and inactive stage of the disease. Read More

Jpn J Ophthalmol 2016 May 28;60(3):172-8. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Purpose: To quantitatively examine changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics in patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).

Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Five eyes of 3 APMPPE patients were included. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2017 Spring;11(2):100-103

Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Purpose: To report a case of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome with a primary presentation of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after use of lamotrigine.

Methods: Retrospective case report with ultra-widefield fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography.

Results: A 19-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity and acute renal failure after starting lamotrigine. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol 2015 Sep-Dec;6(3):453-7. Epub 2015 Dec 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Purpose: Presentation of a case report of a unilateral ampiginous choroiditis.

Methods: This is an observational case report.

Results: A 70-year-old woman was referred to us with unilateral scattered chorioretinal lesions. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016 Dec 22;24(6):610-614. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA.

Purpose: An association between antecedent viral illness and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) has long been suspected. The authors propose dengue fever as a possible cause of APMPPE, based on three patients who travelled to or lived in endemic areas and had serologic evidence of prior exposure.

Methods: Review of case records of two patients. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2016 Feb 9;361:26-8. Epub 2015 Dec 9.

Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal.

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016 Jan;47(1):20-6

Background And Objective: To evaluate choroidal involvement in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study in five eyes of three patients evaluated through multimodal imaging, including enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultra-wide field color photography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography (FA). Choroidal thickness and structure were evaluated on OCT. Read More