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Ann Diagn Pathol 2021 Jun 5;53:151767. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America.

The t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), also known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, results in BCR-ABL1 fusion residing on the derivative chromosome 22. This translocation is characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia, but also can occur in a substantial subset of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Jun 11;11(1):12398. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.

Blinatumomab, a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) antibody targeting CD19 and CD3ε, can redirect T cells toward CD19-positive tumor cells and has been approved to treat relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL). However, chemotherapeutic regimens can severely reduce T cells' number and cytotoxic function, leading to an inadequate response to blinatumomab treatment in patients. In addition, it was reported that a substantial portion of R/R B-ALL patients failing blinatumomab treatment had the extramedullary disease, indicating the poor ability of blinatumomab in treating extramedullary disease. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Jun 11;11(1):12370. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has an origin in the fetal period which may distinguish it from ALL diagnosed later in life. We wanted to test whether familial risks differ in ALL diagnosed in the very early childhood from ALL diagnosed later. The Swedish nation-wide family-cancer data were used until year 2016 to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for familial risks in ALL in three diagnostic age-groups: 0-4, 5-34 and 35 + years. Read More

Cell Death Discov 2021 Jun 11;7(1):139. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.

The long-term prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) is still unsatisfactory even after the emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against chimeric BCR-ABL, and this is associated with the high incidence of genetic alterations of Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), most frequently the hemi-allelic loss of exons 4-7 expressing a dominant-negative isoform Ik6. We found that lenalidomide (LEN), a representative of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), which have been long used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, specifically induced accumulation of Ik6 with the disappearance of functional isoforms within 24 h (i.e. Read More

Cancer Discov 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Early results from a phase II clinical trial show that the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib plus the bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab can produce complete molecular remissions in most patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 Jun 11;21(1):272. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

Background: MYCN amplification and age are two critical prognostic factors of pediatric neuroblastoma. Previously, we had revealed the prognosis of MYCN target genes. However, the prognostic effects of age related genes in neuroblastoma are unclear. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021 Jun 11:1-7. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

1Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital.

Objective: The goal in this study was to outline unique differences between radiation-induced and nonradiation-induced pediatric meningiomas and to identify independent risk factors of tumor recurrence/progression.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all pediatric meningiomas diagnosed and surgically treated at the authors' institution between 1993 and 2017. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to identify independent risk factors for tumor recurrence/progression. Read More

Int J Lab Hematol 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Hematology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of early T precursor-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ETP-ALL), study its clinicopathological features and devise a 'flow score' based on immunophenotypic profiles.

Material Methods: This was a retrospective study where clinical and laboratory data of all consecutive T-ALL cases were analysed to identify features differentiating ETP from non-ETP-ALL. The utility of a flow score based on the five commonly used markers in leukaemia panels for T-ALL (CD34, CD8, CD5, CD13 and CD33) was evaluated to differentiate ETP from non-ETP-ALL. Read More

Blood 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Treatment outcomes for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have continued to lag behind outcomes reported for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in part because of the heterogeneity of the disease, a paucity of targeted therapies, and the relatively slow development of immunotherapy compared to ALL. In addition, we have reached the limits of treatment intensity and, even with outstanding supportive care, it is highly unlikely that further intensification of conventional chemotherapy alone will impact relapse rates. However, comprehensive genomic analyses and a more thorough characterization of the leukemic stem cell have provided insights that should lead to tailored and more effective therapies in the near future. Read More

Int J Paediatr Dent 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is an important side effect related to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and it has been associated with a significative reduction of quality of life. A negative impact of this toxicity in pediatric patients could result in an increased use of parenteral feeding and opioids, longer periods of hospitalization and higher risk of systemic infection.

Aim: To investigate the clinical features, and clinical outcomes associated with OM development and severity in hematologic cancer pediatric patients undergoing allo-HSCT who underwent professional dental care (PDC) and photobiomodulation (PBM) as prophylactic treatment. Read More

Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021 Jun 11:e1452. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, College of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common neoplasm in childhood. The probability of current overall survival (OS) is around 90% in developed countries. There are few studies that demonstrate the results in Brazil. Read More

Leuk Res Rep 2021 19;15:100246. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.

Introduction: Renal infiltration by leukemia causing massive bilateral nephromegaly is an extremely rare presentation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL).

Case Report: 18-month-old female toddler presented with fever and progressive abdominal distension of 4-6 weeks duration. Imaging revealed bilateral massively enlarged kidneys with normal excretion. Read More

Leukemia 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

VIVA-NUS Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Biomark Res 2021 Jun 10;9(1):45. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China.

Background: Although some studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are dysregulated in hematopoietic malignancies and may regulate the progression of leukemia, the detailed mechanism underlying tumorigenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate lncRNAs that are differentially expressed in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their potential roles in the progression of childhood ALL.

Methods: Microarrays were used to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Jun 10;21(1):683. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, University Road, Durban, South Africa.

Introduction: Access to childhood cancer medicines is a critical global health challenge. There is a lack of sufficient context-specific data in Ghana on access to essential medicines for treating childhood cancers. Here, we present an analysis of essential cancer medicine availability, pricing, and affordability using the pediatric oncology unit of a tertiary hospital as the reference point. Read More

Stem Cell Res 2021 May 25;54:102404. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai 200127, China. Electronic address:

Objective: ediatric acute leukemia (AL) is the most common hematological malignancy in childhood. However, the limitation of clinical specimens hindered the progress of research. Therefore, new research platforms are urgently needed to establish and clarify the pathogenesis of pediatric AL, and it is necessary to try to find novel targeted therapies for the clinical use. Read More

Blood 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

t(4;11) MLL-AF4 acute leukemia is one of the most aggressive malignancies in the infant and pediatric population, yet we have little information on the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression. This impairs the development of therapeutic regimens that can address the aggressive phenotype and lineage plasticity of MLL-AF4-driven leukemogenesis. This study highlights novel mechanisms of disease development by focusing on two microRNAs upregulated in leukemic blasts from primary patient samples: miR-130b and miR-128a. Read More

Ann Hematol 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Technology Center, PO Box 831, 11016, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.

Resistance remains the major clinical challenge for the therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia. With the exception of ponatinib, all approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are unable to inhibit the common "gatekeeper" mutation T315I. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of crizotinib, a TKI approved for targeting ALK and ROS1 in non-small cell lung cancer patients, which inhibited also the ABL1 kinase in cell-free systems, for the treatment of advanced and therapy-resistant Ph+ leukemia. Read More

Blood 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States.

CRLF2-rearranged (CRLF2r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises over half of Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) ALL, is associated with poor outcome in children and adults. Overexpression of CRLF2 results in activation of JAK-STAT and parallel signaling pathways in experimental models, but existing small molecule inhibitors of Janus kinases show variable and limited efficacy. Here we evaluated the efficacy of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) directed against Janus kinases. Read More

3 Biotech 2021 Jul 4;11(7):313. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 2004 Hongli road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong China.

This study was conducted to explore whether acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-derived exosomes affect natural killer (NK) cells. Exosomes were isolated and identified from Jurkat cells and co-cultured with NK cells. Then, the cytotoxicity, viability, and release of perforin and granzyme B in NK92-MI cells were measured. Read More

Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Comité de Medicina Tropical, Zoonosis y Medicina del Viajero, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: Currently, Raoultella ornithinolytica is considered an emerging pathogen of community- and hospital-acquired infection, particularly in patients with immunodeficiencies, malignancies, anatomical abnormalities, or after invasive procedures. Pediatric infections with R. ornithinolytica are exceedingly rare, with only six previously reported cases, of which only two were reported as a urinary tract infection. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 Jun 9;13. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610036, China.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) still represents a major cause of disease-related death in children. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cALL. We downloaded lncRNA expression profiles from the TARGET and GEO databases. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(19):e25786

Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.

Rationale: Significant concerns about the adverse effects following chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are still remained including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). In rare circumstances, CRS may be refractory to tocilizumab and/or corticosteroids, a new treatment is needed for the management of CRS.

Patient Concerns: We present a case of a 20-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed CRS after CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T treatment. Read More

Andes Pediatr 2021 Feb 22;92(1):34-41. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: Globally, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), represents more than 30% of all types of cancers in children aged between 0 and 9 years. In Peru, it has not been evaluated whether exclusive breastfee ding (EB) is a protective factor for ALL.

Objective: To identify the protective and risk factors associa ted with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children aged between 0 and 13 years in a national hospital in Lima, Peru. Read More

Andes Pediatr 2021 Apr;92(2):182-192

Hospital de Niños Dr. Luís calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile.

Introduction: The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) includes the use of asparaginase (ASP), a drug associated with hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) that requires discontinuing its use.

Objective: To determine the incidence of HSR associated with ASP that require discontinuation of its use and des cribe them, and to verify if there is a relationship between HSR incidence and protocols or survival.

Patients And Method: Retrospective study. Read More

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021 Jun;29(3):720-724

State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China,E-mail:

Objective: To retrospective analyze the reason of death in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with CCLG-ALL 2008 protocol, and the experience was summarized in order to reduce the mortality.

Methods: 916 children diagnosed as ALL and accepted CCLG-ALL 2008 protocol from April 2008 to April 2015 in our hospital were enrolled, the dead cases in them were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: 169 children died, including 111 (65. Read More

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021 Jun;29(3):690-695

Department of Hematology,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China,E-mail:

Objective: To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IKAROS family Zinc finger 3 (IKZF3) gene and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children.

Methods: The peripheral blood samples from 286 children with ALL and 382 healthy children were collected and divided into ALL group and control group, respectively. The genotypes of IKZF3 gene at rs62066988 C > T and rs12946510 C > T were detected by quantitative PCR with TaqMan detection system, and their correlation with ALL was analyzed. Read More

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021 Jun;29(3):661-668

Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China,E-mail:

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol and the related factors of treatment failure in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods: The clinical data of 400 children newly-diagnosed ALL in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from March 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. All the children accepted CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol, and were followed-up until October 2019. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021 Jun 8:e29169. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Bacterial L-asparaginase has played an important role in ALL treatment for several decades; however, hypersensitivity reactions to Escherichia coli-derived asparaginases often preclude their use. Inability to receive asparaginase due to hypersensitivities is associated with poor patient outcomes. Read More

Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021 25;12:20406223211015963. Epub 2021 May 25.

Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Background: An increased risk of cardiovascular complications is reported in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Early identification of impaired vascular health may allow for early interventions to improve outcomes.

Aim: The study was conducted to assess the endothelial dysfunction in ALL survivors using a new marker, serum endocan, and measurement of the mean common carotid arteries intima media thickness (cIMT). Read More