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Int J Sports Med 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Regular physical activity increases lifespan for those with type 1 diabetes. However, disease-related barriers may deter children from exercise and affect their fitness. This study examined the safety of the Cooper test concerning diabetes-related acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes and their fitness. Read More

Biomed Mater 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, CHINA.

Biological regeneration of articular cartilage continues to be a challenge at present. Functional engineered implants with patient-specific sizes are difficult to achieve. The aim of this study is to fabricate a biocompatible cell-laden hydrogel with a designable structure. Read More

Water Res 2018 Dec 3;150:431-441. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China. Electronic address:

Metal-free photocatalysts have attracted growing concern in recent years. In this work, a new class of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is synthesized via a facile polymerization method. With the optimal CQDs loading, the CQDs modified g-CN exhibits ∼15 times higher degradation kinetic towards diclofenac (DCF) than that of pure g-CN. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2018 Dec 14;67:211-219. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address:

Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 play central and detrimental roles in the development of acute lung injury (ALI), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in regulating IL-1β and IL-18 production. However, it is not clear whether the mTOR specific inhibitor rapamycin can attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI by modulating IL-1β and IL-18 production. In this study, we found that rapamycin ameliorated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2018 Dec 14;67:194-201. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. Electronic address:

Defect of thymus results in poor posttransplant immune recovery and dysfunction of immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants (allo-HCT). Improving thymus regeneration represents a potential strategy to accelerate recovery of T-cell immunity. IL-22 was reported to mediate thymus regeneration after injury. Read More

Environ Pollut 2018 Dec 11;246:284-293. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.

An understanding of the dispersion and level of emissions source of atmospheric pollutants; whether point, area or volume sources, is required to inform policies on air pollution and day-to-day predictions of pollution level. Very few studies have carried out simulations of the dispersion pattern and ground-level concentration of pollutants emitted from real-world gas flares. The limited availability of official data on gas flares from the oil and gas industries makes accurate dispersion calculations difficult. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2018 Dec 5;207:110-119. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Center for Applied Geoscience, Environmental Toxicology Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.

The fish embryo toxicity (FET) test with the zebrafish Danio rerio is widely used to assess the acute toxicity of chemicals thereby serving as animal alternative to the acute fish toxicity test. The minimal toxicity of neutral chemicals in the FET can be predicted with a previously published Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) based on the liposome-water partition coefficient K. Such a QSAR may serve to plan toxicity testing and to evaluate whether an observed effect is caused by a specific mode of action (MoA). Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Semeiotica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40128, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: The electrocardiographic QT interval is frequently prolonged in patients with cirrhosis. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding further prolongs corrected QT (QTc) in patients with cirrhosis, which has been associated with increased risk of death within 6 weeks. We aimed to confirm these findings and develop a mortality risk index that incorporates QTc. Read More

Chemosphere 2018 Dec 12;219:724-729. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Cardiology, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China. Electronic address:

Background: Abundant epidemiological studies have revealed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution increased the incidence of ischemic heart diseases. However, few investigations have explored the association between air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), one major subtype of such events.

Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study in two major hospitals of Yancheng, a city in East China, from January 2015 to February 2018. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018 Dec 14;170:521-529. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Fish embryos are increasingly being utilized in aquatic toxicity testing, as evidenced by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's approval of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. However, the FET test only allows for the estimation of acute toxicity, whereas other test methods such as the larval growth and survival (LGS) test allow for the estimation of both acute and chronic toxicity. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the FET test is less sensitive than other test methods for some neurotoxic compounds. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l`Ouest, Boulevard J. Monod, F-44800 Nantes, St-Herblain France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), UMR 1232 Inserm - 6299 CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l`Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France. Electronic address:

Purpose: Limited pelvic nodal relapse of prostatic cancer is a paramount challenge for locoregional salvage treatments. Salvage whole pelvis radiotherapy as considered in the BLINDED trial, is an attractive option but with concerns about its toxicity. This article describes early toxicity with the technique. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR 616, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Anatomical Science & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR 616, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Emerging evidence links changes in the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier function to alterations in CNS function. We examined the role of endotoxin-responsive, cAMP-specific, Pde4 subfamily b (Pde4b) enzyme in gut dysbiosis induced neuro-inflammation and white matter loss following spinal cord injury (SCI). Using a thoracic contusion model in C57Bl/6 wild type female mice, SCI led to significant shifts in the gut bacterial community including an increase in the phylum Proteobacteria, which consists of endotoxin-harboring, gram-negative bacteria. Read More

Neuroscience 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, B168 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Electronic address:

The central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are linked through neuro-endocrine and humoral pathways. Critically ill patients suffer severe physical and emotional stress and frequently receive acid suppressants; however, stress and acid suppression may alter GIT microbiota. This study evaluated the effects of acid suppression on the GIT microbiota and genome-wide expression of brain-specific genes in a murine model of restraint stress. Read More

Pharmacol Ther 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Ethanol can acutely and chronically alter cardiomyocyte and whole-organ function in the heart. Importantly, ethanol acutely and chronically predisposes to arrhythmias, while chronic abuse can induce heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of ethanol toxicity in the heart are incompletely understood. Read More

Free Radic Biol Med 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China. Electronic address:

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to be capable of inhibiting cancer growth, whereas it remains largely elusive that the underlying molecular mechanism of DHA induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell death. In the present study, we examined the effects of DHA on the proliferation and ferroptosis of AML cells as well as to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that DHA strongly inhibited the viability of AML cell lines and arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Read More

Neurochem Int 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

NIDA Intramural Program, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. Electronic address:

Although some of the clinical manifestations of substance use disorders might be superficially similar, it is highly likely that different classes of abused drugs including opioids (heroin, morphine, and oxycodone, other opioids) and psychostimulants (cocaine and amphetamines) cause different neuroadaptations in various brain regions dependent in the distribution and concentration of their biochemical sites of actions. In fact, different molecular networks are indeed impacted by acute and chronic administration of addictive substances. Some of the genes whose expression is influenced by the administration of these substances are immediate-early genes (IEGs). Read More

Neurotoxicology 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. Electronic address:

Exposure to pesticides can induce neurobehavioral effects in rodents, as well as in other mammals, including humans. However, the effects of the toxicity of pesticides on the central nervous system (CNS) remain largely unclear. The expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein gene (Arc) is induced in a neuronal-activity-dependent manner and is implicated in synaptic and experience-dependent plasticity. Read More

Exp Eye Res 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Reproducible skills are essential for successful induction of a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). We established an in vivo validation index by measuring the natural course of optic nerve head (ONH) width and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the rAION model using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The rAION model was induced by photodynamic operations. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. Electronic address:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to promote fear learning as well as avoidant behavioral responses to chronic social defeat stress, but, conversely, this peptide can also have antidepressant effects and can reduce depressant-like symptoms such as social avoidance. The purpose of this study was to use a variety of approaches to determine whether BDNF acting on tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) promotes or prevents avoidant phenotypes in hamsters and mice that have experienced acute social defeat stress. We utilized systemic and brain region-dependent manipulation of BDNF signaling before or immediately following social defeat stress in Syrian hamsters, TrkB knock-in mice, and C57Bl/6J mice and measured the subsequent behavioral response to a novel opponent. Read More

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: We compared metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses to acute eccentric (ECC) and traditional concentric (CON) arm cycling in a cohort of wheelchair users.

Design: Single-group repeated measures.

Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2018 Dec;169(12):JC63

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0204290. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

Acute myeloid leukemia with mutated nucleophosmin (NPMc+ AML) forms a distinct AML subgroup with better prognosis which can potentially be associated with immune response against the mutated nucleophosmin (NPM). As the T-cell-mediated immunity involves antigen presentation on HLA class I molecules, we hypothesized that individuals with suitable HLA type could be less prone to develop NPMc+ AML. We compared HLA class I distribution in NPMc+ AML patient cohort (398 patients from 5 centers) with the HLA allele frequencies of the healthy population and found HLA-A*02, B*07, B*40 and C*07 underrepresented in the NPMc+ AML group. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0209164. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Patients with end-stage liver disease frequently experience acute kidney injury (AKI) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have increasingly been accepted as a predictor of AKI in clinical settings. This study investigated the predictive role of intraoperative BNP levels in the early development of AKI after LDLT. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0206461. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of photoacoustic imaging in measuring changes in renal oxygen saturation after ischemia-induced acute kidney injury, and to compare these measurements with histological findings and serum levels of kidney function.

Material And Methods: Acute kidney injury was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle in C57Bl/6 mice, with a 35-min ischemic period used to induce mild renal injury (14 mice) and a 50-min period for severe injury (13 mice). The oxygen saturation was measured before induction, and at 5 time-points over the first 48 h after induction, starting at 4 h after induction. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0207909. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

An urgent need exists to improve and maintain intrapartum skills of providers in sub-Saharan Africa. Peer-assisted learning may address this need, but few rigorous evaluations have been conducted in real-world settings. A pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial in 12 Ugandan districts provided facility-based, team training for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage and birth asphyxia at 125 facilities. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0209110. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

Background: Analysis of intracoronary thrombus type by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is highly subjective. We aimed to compare a newly developed image analysis method to subjective visual classification of thrombus type identified by OCT.

Methods: Thirty patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction were included. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0208998. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.

Aims/hypothesis: GPR44 (DP2, PTGDR2, CRTh2) is the receptor for the pro-inflammatory mediator prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and it is enriched in human islets. In rodent islets, PGD2 is produced in response to glucose, suggesting that the PGD2-GPR44/DP2 axis may play a role in human islet function during hyperglycemia. Consequently, the aim of this work was to elucidate the insulinotropic role of GPR44 antagonism in vitro in human beta-cells and in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0208310. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

With the HIV-1 epidemic in southern Africa still rising, a prophylactic vaccine against the region's most prolific subtype (subtype C) would be a significant step forward. In this paper we report on the effect of 2 different adjuvants, AddaVax and AlhydroGel, formulated with HIV-1 subtype C gp140, on the development of binding and neutralising antibody titres in rabbits. AddaVax is a squalene-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion (similar to MF59) which can enhance both cellular and humoral immune responses, whilst AlhydroGel (aluminium hydroxide gel) mainly drives a Th2 response. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Fernando Monckeberg Barros, University of Chile.

Several investigations have found that industry-funded studies tend to inform results favoring the sponsored products. The pressure to demonstrate that a drug or a product causes a favorable outcome may result in investigation biases from industry-funded research. One example of this could be found in the probiotic research funded by the industry. Read More

Anesthesiology 2019 Jan;130(1):83-91

From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.D., M.M., B.P.) Emergency Medicine (H.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria the Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (P.N.) Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, University of Chicago, Illinois (T.K.).

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Cardiac events after electroconvulsive therapy have been reported sporadically, but a systematic assessment of the risk is missing. The goal of this study was to obtain a robust estimate of the incidence of major adverse cardiac events in adult patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that investigated electroconvulsive therapy and reported major adverse cardiac events and/or mortality. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, St. Paul, MN, USA.

Longitudinal myelitis secondary to an acute flare of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported in the literature. There have been few published cases of complete functional recovery in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus related longitudinal myelitis (SLE-LM). Of those cases, none have described in detail the rehabilitation course of treatment. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Alcohol Res 2018 ;39(1):5-15

Tammy Chung, Ph.D., is an associate professor; Rachel Bachrach, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow; Duncan B. Clark, M.D., Ph.D., is a professor; and Christopher S. Martin, Ph.D., is an associate professor, all in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Kasey G. Creswell, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Binge drinking, commonly defined as consuming five or more standard drinks per occasion for men and four or more drinks for women, typically begins in adolescence. Adolescents, although they may drink less often, tend to consume higher quantities of alcohol per occasion compared with adults. This developmental difference in pattern of alcohol consumption may result, in part, from maturational changes that involve an adolescent-specific sensitivity to certain alcohol effects and greater propensity for risk-taking behaviors, such as binge drinking. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Dec 17:1-7. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

5 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.

Objective: Perimesencephalic hemorrhage (PMH) is a subtype of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In patients with aneurysmal SAH, the occurrence of acute ischemic lesions is associated with severity and poor outcome. We investigated the frequency of ischemic lesions on DWI in patients with PMH and compared it with the frequency of ischemic lesions in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Read More

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Dec;11(12):e001968

TianTan Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Yilong Wang, Chunjuan Wang, H.L., Yongjun Wang).

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death in China. Despite the wide dissemination of evidence-based guidelines, data about adherence to these in routine clinical practice are scarce. We conducted a study using a nationwide registry to evaluate the implementation of evidence-based stroke performance indicators and associated guidelines, for patients with an ischemic stroke in China. Read More

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Dec;11(12):e004981

Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (X.T., J.L.W., M.G.G., E.C.O., S.M.C.K., T.C., X.Y., R.K.M.).

Background: The clinical benefit of intravenous (IV) alteplase in acute ischemic stroke is time dependent. We assessed the overall temporal changes in door-to-needle (DTN) time and examine the factors associated with DTN time ≤60 and ≤45 minutes.

Methods And Results: A total of 496 336 acute ischemic stroke admissions were identified in the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program from 2008 to 2017. Read More

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Dec;11(12):e005234

Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles (G.C.F.).

Biochem Cell Biol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 74569, Cardiology , No. 126, Xiantai Street , Changchun, China , 130031 ;

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a condition that could potentially progress to dilated cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure, making it the leading cause of the untimely death in young adults. Interferon-induced GBP1 encodes much GTPase induced by interferon gamma in many eukaryotic cells. However, there is little known regarding the effect of GBP1 on acute VMC (AVMC). Read More

Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Clinical Operations Department, GlaxoSmithKline K.K, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Fluticasone propionate 50 μg/salmeterol xinafoate 25 μg (FP/SAL) is widely used in adults and children with asthma but there is sparse information on its use in very young children.

Methods: This was a randomised, double-blind, multi-centre, controlled trial conducted in children aged 8 months to 4 years. During a 2-week run in period they all received FP twice daily. Read More

Microsurgery 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Background: Skin is considered to be the most antigenic component of all vascularized composite allotransplantation tissues. However, no studies have used methods other than histological assessment to analyze the relative antigenicity of various components. In this study, we analyzed gene expression to investigate the relative antigenicity of each component in the transplanted limb. Read More

J Neurochem 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle Verdun, QC, Canada.

Several subtypes of modulatory neurons co-express vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in addition to their cognate vesicular transporters. These neurons are believed to establish new forms of neuronal communication. The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) is of particular interest since in the striatum this subtype is found in tonically active cholinergic interneurons (TANs) and in a subset of 5-HT fibers. Read More

J Clin Pharmacol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

High-dose methotrexate (>0.5 g/m ) is among the first-line chemotherapeutic agents used in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and osteosarcoma in children. Despite rapid hydration, leucovorin rescue, and routine therapeutic drug monitoring, severe toxicity is not uncommon. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018 Dec;22(23):8438-8446

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China.

Objective: To explore the regulatory effects of microRNA-218 on lung tissue of rats with acute lung injury (ALI) and its underlying mechanism.

Materials And Methods: A total of 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, lung injury group and microRNA-218 treatment group. The in vitro lung injury model was established by injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PGN (peptidoglycan) and IgG IC (immune complex). Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018 Dec;22(23):8415-8422

Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

Objective: To explore the effects of microRNA-212-5p (miR-212-5p) on biological functions of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to find the potential molecular mechanism.

Patients And Methods: We measured the expression level of miR-212-5p in 35 AML patients and 20 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) as control cases. Besides, the miR-212-5p expression at cellular level was checked as well. Read More

JAMA Pediatr 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Mod Rheumatol 2018 Dec 17:1-13. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

b Department of Pediatric Rheumatology , Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital , Ümraniye/İstanbul , Turkey.

Background: Little is known about the long-term efficacy and safety of canakinumab in paediatric FMF patients.

Aim: To present the single centre experience of colchicine-resistant paediatric-onset FMF patients who were treated with canakinumab by off-label use since 2012.

Methods: The hospital files of 15 children who used canakinumab were retrospectively evaluated. Read More

Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

a Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit , University of Bologna , Italy .

Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Southwest University.

Existing evidence in the literature shows that antagonism at 5-HT receptors potentiates D₂ antagonism-induced disruption of conditioned avoidance response (CAR), a behavioral index of antipsychotic activity, suggesting that combining 5-HT antagonism with D₂ antagonism may confer an enhanced antipsychotic effect. The present study reexamined this issue and further investigated other behavioral effects of drug-drug interaction, mainly the conditioned drug effect (via drug-drug conditioning) and 5-HT antagonism's modulation on antipsychotic-induced sensitization (an enhanced avoidance disruption). Well-trained adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were first repeatedly tested for 7 days under haloperidol (HAL; 0. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Neurology and Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018 Dec 16. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using high power delivered by surround flow (STSF) catheters guided by ablation index (AI) was evaluated in a multicenter registry.

Methods: Patients with paroxysmal AF underwent PVI with STSF catheters using 30W on the posterior wall and 40W elsewhere. AI targets were 350 posterior wall and 450 elsewhere. Read More