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Dermatol Ther 2018 Dec 6:e12800. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

DISSAL Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa-IRCCS, AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolic product prostaglandin E (PGE ) are induced in response to growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, tumour promoters, activated oncogenes and, in the skin, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the COX-2/PGE pathway in tumourigenesis in various tissue types including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. There is also strong evidence for a role in the development of actinic keratoses (AKs) - common dysplastic lesions of the skin associated with UV radiation overexposure - considered as part of a continuum with skin cancer. Read More

J Dermatol Sci 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Dermatology, Central Clinical School, and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centenary Institute, Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Dermatology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the principal cause of keratinocyte skin cancers. Previous work found that levels of the chromatin remodelling protein, Brahma (Brm), are diminished during the progression from actinic keratoses to cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in humans, and its loss in UV-irradiated mouse skin causes epidermal hyperplasia and increased tumour incidence.

Methods: The skins of mice and mouse and human keratinocytes deficient in Brm were exposed to UVR and evaluated for cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung.

Background: Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a widely used treatment for various dermatoses. The risk of skin cancer following long term NB-UVB phototherapy has rarely been explored in skin phototypes III-V.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide matched cohort study and identified a total of 22,891 psoriasis patients starting NB-UVB phototherapy from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database during the period 2000-2013. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Dermatology, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address:

Background: There is lack of uniformity in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) terminology for non-melanocytic lesions (NMLs).

Objective: To review published RCM terms for NMLs and identify likely-synonymous terms.

Methods: Systematic review of original research articles adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted until August 19, 2017. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (dlPDT) is a painless and increasingly cost-effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). New protocols avoid incubation minimizing pain and adverse events. However, it is time-consuming and dependent on specific weather conditions. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2018 Nov-Dec;9(6):469-470

Department of Dermatology, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Cureus 2018 Jul 18;10(7):e2999. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Plastic Surgery, Waldkrankenhaus Bonn, Bonn, DEU.

Background Treatment of the lower eyelid region to rejuvenate the skin or treat actinic elastosis often proves difficult. Established treatment options, such as hyaluronic acid injections, botulinum toxin injections, microneedling, skin resurfacing (microdermabrasion, chemical peel (exfoliation), laser treatment), as well as blepharoplasties and autologous fat transfers, can be associated with significant risks and increased patient burden. Furthermore, they may not be effective for treating the signs of skin aging or actinic elastosis, including dark rings under the eyes, a lack of volume and cutis laxa. Read More

Rev Prat 2017 12;67(10):1084-1088

Service de gériatrie - plaies et cicatrisation, hôpital Rothschild, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.

Actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in the elderly. The increase in life expectancy and the change in the habits of the population with respect to UV exposure have led to an increase in the incidence of actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There is no specific recommendation for the "frail" elderly, but they would not differ much from the recommendations of the younger subjects. Read More

J Healthc Qual Res 2018 Nov - Dec;33(6):360-369. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, España; Departamento de Salud Alicante Sant Joan, Alicante, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), España.

Objective: To analyse barriers limiting an integral approach in the care process of patients with actinic keratosis, and to validate a questionnaire of their perception in order to assess this approach.

Method: A qualitative study (Focus Group) was conducted to assess the perception of the healthcare process of professionals (dermatologists, family doctors, nurses, pharmacists and managers), and patients. A validation study of a new tool was conducted, defining the scope and contents of a questionnaire of perceived quality. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Nov/Dec;93(6):916-928

Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.

Background: Dermatological diseases are among the primary causes of the demand for basic health care. Studies on the frequency of dermatoses are important for the proper management of health planning.

Objectives: To evaluate the nosological and behavioral profiles of dermatological consultations in Brazil. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018 Dec;20(48):30159-30173

Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, D-69210, Heidelberg, Germany.

Discrepancies in the isomerization dynamics and quantum yields of the trans and cis retinal protonated Schiff base is a well-known issue in the context of retinal photochemistry. Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin (ASR) is a microbial retinal protein that comprises a retinal chromophore in two ground state (GS) conformations: all-trans, 15-anti (AT) and 13-cis, 15-syn (13C). In this study, we applied impulsive vibrational spectroscopic techniques (DFWM, pump-DFWM and pump-IVS) to ASR to shed more light on how the structural changes take place in the excited state within the same protein environment. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Nov 27;24:8583-8591. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND UV-related skin disease such as actinic keratosis is a major concern in public health. In view of the cell injury induced by UVB, Klotho protein it is an ideal therapy to eliminate UVB-induced cell damages and the associated signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS To gain insights into the potential role of Klotho and the underlying molecular mechanism, we constructed a Klotho-overexpress HaCaT cell line and assessed the protection against UVB insults. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018 Dec;20(47):30021-30031

Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.

The absorption of solar actinic radiation by atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles drives condensed-phase photochemical processes, which lead to particle mass loss by the production of CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and various oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). We examined the influence of relative humidity (RH) and Fe(iii) content on the OVOC release and subsequent mass loss from secondary organic aerosol material (SOM) during UV irradiation. The samples were generated in a flow tube reactor from the oxidation of d-limonene by ozone. Read More

Dermatol Pract Concept 2018 Oct 31;8(4):322-323. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.

Although most cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) develop from actinic keratoses (AK), the key events in this evolution remain unclear. We have combined the results of different genomic and expression array platforms on matched concomitant samples of sun-exposed skin (SES), AK and cSCC from ten immunocompetent patients. Gene expression analysis and copy number alterations were assessed using GeneChip Human Gene 2. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2018 Sep 29;98:99-107. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Post-Graduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objectives: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) are considered immune checkpoint molecules that inhibit T-cell effectiveness, contributing to tumor immune escape. This study investigated PD-L1, HLA-G, CD8, and granzyme B (GrB) expression at different stages of lip carcinogenesis.

Design And Results: Forty cases of lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), 55 actinic cheilitis (AC), and 10 healthy lip mucosa (HLM) were submitted to immunohistochemistry. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Centro de Dermatología «Dona Libânia», Fortaleza, Brasil.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

Background: The effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil compared to imiquimod for preventing keratinocyte carcinoma is unknown.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod in preventing keratinocyte carcinoma in a real-world practice setting.

Methods: We identified 5,700 subjects who filled prescriptions for 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod for actinic keratosis treatment in 2007. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2018 Nov 11;6(11):2211-2212. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Division of Dermatology Groote Schuur Hospital Cape Town South Africa.

Actinic comedonal plaque is a variant of Favre-Racouchot syndrome which is a complication of solar degeneration of the skin. It is common in skin types 1-4 and unknown to rare in skin of color. This case report should create an awareness of this disease so not to be missed. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany.

Background: Actinic keratoses (AK) are early in situ carcinomas of the skin due to cumulative sun exposure. Cryosurgery is an easy and practicable lesion-directed approach for isolated lesions.

Objectives: To investigate if an upfront combination of cryosurgery with a topical intervention is superior to cryosurgery alone for AK. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2018 Jun;57(2):342-351

Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.

Although cheilitis as a term describing lip inflammation has been identified and recognized for a long time, until now there have been no clear recommendations for its work-up and classification. The disease may appear as an isolated condition or as part of certain systemic diseases/conditions (such as anemia due to vitamin B12 or iron deficiency) or local infections (e.g. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Nov 9. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Dermatology and Venereology Department, General Hospital, Alessandria, Italy -

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK), a hyperkeratotic lesion induced by solar exposure, is the precancerous lesion that most frequently develops into squamous cell carcinoma. Cryotherapy, topical fluorouracil 5, topical diclofenac 3% gel and, more recently, ingenol mebutate are used in addition to surgery. However, these treatments have varying degrees of effectiveness and are not always tolerated due to side effects. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Dec;79(6):1148-1150

Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) is suggested to be effective for actinic keratosis (AK). We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of dPDT versus conventional photodynamic therapy (cPDT) in patients with AK. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Nov 29;4(10):976-978. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California.

Curr Med Res Opin 2018 Nov 8:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

c Direzione Medica Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper Caronno Pertusella ( VA ), Italy.

Background: Treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) and field cancerization with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective therapeutic approach with a significant reduction in the number of AK lesions (-75% or more) associated with a significant cosmetic improvement of the photodamaged skin. Recently, also, the daylight PDT (DL-PDT) has proven to be as effective as the conventional PDT (C-PDT), but with a better tolerability. After C-PDT and DL-PDT it is advised to use photoprotection strategies to improve the clinical evolution and prevent the appearance of new AK lesions that usually appear 3-6 months after the last phototherapy session. Read More

J Clin Invest 2018 Dec 5;128(12):5531-5548. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Read More

Photosynth Res 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.

Precise control of the proton concentration gradient across thylakoid membranes (ΔpH) is essential for photosynthesis and its regulation because the gradient contributes to the generation of the proton motive force used for ATP synthesis and also for the fast and reversible induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to avoid photoinhibition and photodamage. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) controlling ΔpH in response to fluctuating light has not been fully elucidated. We previously described a new NPQ-regulatory chloroplastic protein, Fluctuating-Light-Acclimation Protein1 (FLAP1), which is important for plant growth and modulation of ΔpH under fluctuating light conditions. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018 Oct 29. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

L'Oréal Research and Innovation Campus, Clichy, France.

Background: Regular exposure to ultraviolet rays is high in India, where most Indians present Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV and V.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and compare the effectiveness of two sunscreen products on Indian skin types IV and V with pigmentation irregularities.

Methods: A randomized, uncontrolled and investigator-blinded, single-center study enrolled adult men and women (18-45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV (28° < individual typological angle <10°) and V (10° < individual typological angle < -30°) with pigmentary abnormalities seen on the face in adults (actinic lentigines and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation), who did not use sunscreens. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Dec 28;24:342-348. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen, Hungary.

The use of photodynamic therapy is extensive, due to its antitumoral, antibacterial and photorejuvenation effects. It destroys tumor via direct cell destruction and indirectly via vascular shutdown, induction of acute local inflammatory response and activation of the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the immunological effects of photodynamic therapy. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2018 Oct 29. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common non-melanoma skin cancers worldwide. While its exact tumorigenesis mechanisms is far from well-established and less satisfied therapeutic strategy can be clinically used nowadays. In this study, we intended to investigate the role of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in human SCC. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Oct 29. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.

Br J Dermatol 2018 Oct 26. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.

Background: Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis, particularly for patients with large areas of field cancerization. Among the approved protocols in Europe, the most widely used requires irradiation with the Aktilite CL 128 lamp. However, pain during irradiation and the suboptimal adaptability of the lamp relative to the treatment area are two limiting factors of this protocol. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Oct 22. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259. Electronic address:

Background: Inositol Phosphate 5-Phosphatase (INPP5A) has been shown to play a role in development and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The goal of the current study is to explore the prognostic value of INPP5A expression in cSCC.

Methods: A total of 189 cases of actinic keratoses and SCCs from 174 patients were identified, clinical and outcome data abstracted, histopathology re-rereviewed, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and interpretation was performed for INPP5A. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2018 Oct 25. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Diagnosis of actinic keratosis (AK) based only on clinical findings can be misleading, and histopathological diagnosis results in scars. Dynamic thermal imaging is a potential non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of AK. This imaging technique quantifies the infrared (IR) radiation emitted by a subject after exposure to external thermal stimuli, such as heat or cold. Read More

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018 12;11:485-490. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

Background: Photosensitizing diuretics use (especially thiazide compounds) is associated with a significantly higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor of SCC.

Study Aim: To evaluate in a prospective cohort study the efficacy of topical piroxicam 0. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Dec 15;24:366-371. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Background: Conventional photodynamic therapy (C-PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) in Asia, with some unmet needs. Severe PDT-associated pain results in low treatment willingness. Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) is a more simple and tolerable treatment that has the same efficacy as C-PDT in Europe. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Oct 17. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Department of Dermatology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Lahti, Finland.

Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) with methyl-5-aminolevulinate (MAL) is an effective treatment for mild and moderate actinic keratosis (AK).

Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy, tolerability and cost-effectiveness of BF-200 ALA compared with MAL in DL-PDT for grade I-II AKs.

Methods: This non-sponsored, prospective randomized double-blind multicentre trial included 69 patients with 767 grade I-II AKs located symmetrically on the face or scalp. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2018 Nov;154(11):1281-1285

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

Importance: Actinic keratosis is prevalent and has the potential to progress to keratinocyte carcinoma. Changes in the use and costs of actinic keratosis treatment are not well understood in the aging population.

Objective: To evaluate trends in the use and costs of actinic keratosis destruction in Medicare patients. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2018 Dec;27(12):1399-1402

Dermatology Practice, Friedrichshafen, Germany.

Background: It is important to collect data about the risk of transformation of an actinic keratosis (AK) lesion into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after a single photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-ALA patch for a longer follow-up period under daily routine.

Questions Addressed: The purpose of this non-interventional study (NIS) was to collect data on the frequency of occurrence of SCCs in the treated area during an interval of 2 years after a single 5-ALA patch-PDT.

Experimental Design: This prospective observational case-only study included patients with mild AK lesions on the head and face treated with 5-ALA patch-PDT according to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Aug 3;6(8):e1870. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, Calif., 90033.

In 2009, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Task Force on Autologous Fat Grafting (AFG) determined that autologous fat grafting was a safe procedure with a relatively low rate of complications. This consensus opinion unleashed a wave of popularity as plastic surgeons discovered the procedures' efficacy in a wide variety of cosmetic and reconstructive indications. Frequently reported cosmetic applications include soft-tissue augmentation of breast, buttocks, hips, face, and hands, whereas reconstructive applications include adjunct for breast reconstruction contour problems, plantar fat pad improvement, and correction of various posttraumatic and surgical contour deformities. Read More

Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018 4;14:1879-1885. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy,

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are epidermal cutaneous neoplasia observed predominantly in middle-aged and older subjects with mainly photo type I and photo type II on sun-exposed surfaces as a result of DNA damage. AKs have historically been characterized as being "precancerous"; however, now it is considered by many authors a carcinoma in situ that can persist or progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with metastatic potential. Despite the advances in the recognition of typical clinic, dermoscopic and histologic patterns, currently it is not yet possible to predict which AKs will progress to SCC. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2018 Sep 1;11(9):28-31. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Dr. Del Rosso is with JDR Dermatology Research/Thomas Dermatology in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Ad-hoc reports within clinical studies of imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) have suggested the drug can improve both skin texture and overall signs of photodamage. We sought to assess the efficacy and tolerability of imiquimod 3.75% and 2. Read More

Vet Dermatol 2018 12 14;29(6):541-542. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.

Dermatol Ther 2018 Oct 14:e12772. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2018 Oct;47(10):769-774

Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

To study the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). Histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical study by HRP multimer method were carried out in 24 cases of LM and LMM from 2012 to 2017 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The clinical information and follow-up data were analyzed. Read More