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Cancers (Basel) 2022 Apr 25;14(9). Epub 2022 Apr 25.

The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a premalignant lesion, common on severely photodamaged skin, that can progress over time to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A high bacterial load of is associated with AK and SCC, but it is unknown whether this has a direct impact on skin cancer development. To determine whether can have cancer-promoting effects on skin cells, we performed RNA sequencing and shotgun proteomics on primary human keratinocytes after challenge with sterile culture supernatant ('secretome') from four clinical strains isolated from AK and SCC. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

MVZ Dermatologisches Zentrum Bonn GmbH, Friedensplatz 16, 53111, Bonn, Germany.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA) is an established method for the management of AK. PD P 506 A (brand name Alacare®) is an approved medicinal product for the treatment of AK located on scalp and face. It is a self-adhesive, light-proof patch loaded with 5-ALA HCl and was developed for easy handling. Read More

FASEB J 2022 May;36 Suppl 1

Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.

Diacylglycerol (DAG)-sensing C1 domains of Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are targets for therapeutic intervention in cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and HIV latency reversal. High-resolution structural information on the C1 domains complexed to DAG or exogenous PKC agonists remained elusive for nearly 3 decades. This is attributed to the extreme hydrophobicity of the C1 complexes and the need to create an optimal membrane-mimicking environment to facilitate the complex formation and crystallization. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022 May 7:102897. Epub 2022 May 7.

Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address:

A 72-year-old woman suffering from multiple actinic keratosis (AK) complicating steroid-induced rosacea received 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in our outpatient clinic. Both AKs and rosacea got remission after one session of PDT. However, adverse effect of severe acute inflammatory response emerged with lasting hyperpigmentation. Read More

Drugs Context 2022 25;11. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Background: Early recognition of xeroderma pigmentosum is important to minimize the complications arising from the harmful effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This narrative review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical features, diagnosis and management of xeroderma pigmentosum.

Methods: A search was conducted in December 2021 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "xeroderma pigmentosum". Read More

PeerJ 2022 28;10:e13243. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Sports Science Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Background: Surfing and swimming are two popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million surfers and three million swimmers; however, these activities are associated with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Our aim was to determine the point prevalence of pre-skin cancer (actinic keratosis (PSC)), non-melanoma (NMSC) and melanoma skin cancers (MSC) in Australian surfers and swimmers. Read More

In Vivo 2022 May-Jun;36(3):1245-1251

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland;

Background/aim: Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) can be considered an indicator of cancer clinical outcome. In this study, we tried to estimate the usefulness of assessing MCM2 protein expression in actinic keratosis (AK) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

Materials And Methods: The study included 22 lesions of AK, 57 of cSCC and 17 tissue samples of the healthy skin. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

JAMA Dermatol 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Brown University, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.

JAMA Dermatol 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Importance: Treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) aims to prevent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, whether AK can progress into invasive cSCC is a matter of debate, and little is known about the effect of treatment on preventing cSCC.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk of invasive cSCC and factors that may contribute to increased risk in patients with multiple AKs. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2022 Apr;15(4):40-43

Dr. Pariser is with the Department of Dermatology at Eastern Virginia Medical School and Virginia Clinical Research, Inc. in Norfolk, Virginia.

There have been multiple direct and indirect comparison studies evaluating different field therapies used in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). A recent clinical trial directly compared 5% fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, and methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT), reporting that 5-FU was superior to the other treatments in achieving sustained clearance of 75 percent or greater of AK lesions compared to baseline. In this commentary, the author reviews and discusses the methods and results of this comparison study and propose these results are limited by a number of factors, such as the selected primary % clearance endpoint, grade range of included AKs, and treatments included in the comparison, when considered in the context of other clinical and real-world comparison studies evaluating AK field therapies. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 04 11;19(8). Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18200 Granada, Spain.

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a chronic inflammation of the lip considered an oral, potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk of lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. Controversies surrounding current therapeutic modalities of AC are under debate, and the implications of laser treatment have not been specifically investigated through a systematic review design. The present study aims to evaluate the degree of evidence of laser for the treatment of AC in terms of efficacy and safety. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2022 Apr 22. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022 12;2022:9366494. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.

Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, is synthesized by many organisms when cells are exposed to stressful stimuli. On the basis of its ability to modulate autophagy, trehalose has been considered an innovative drug for ameliorating many diseases, but its molecular mechanism is not well described. Previous findings demonstrated that trehalose plays a photoprotective role against ultraviolet (UV) B-induced damage through autophagy induction in keratinocytes. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2022 Apr 24;34(2):105-109. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Dermatology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.

Background: In South Korea, there have been few nationwide epidemiologic studies about premalignant actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma (Bowen's disease), nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), malignant melanoma of the skin (MM), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), connective and soft tissue cancers, or mycosis fungoides (MF).

Objective: Using a nationwide population-based study, we attempted to measure the incidence and the prevalence of the above-mentioned tumors in South Korea.

Methods: The database we used included all claims in the Korean National Health Insurance program and the Korean Medical Aid program from 2008 to 2016. Read More

Commun Biol 2022 Apr 21;5(1):386. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous cutaneous neoplasm that arises on chronically sun-exposed skin. AK susceptibility has a moderate genetic component, and although a few susceptibility loci have been identified, including IRF4, TYR, and MC1R, additional loci have yet to be discovered. We conducted a genome-wide association study of AK in non-Hispanic white participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (n = 63,110, discovery cohort), with validation in the Mass-General Brigham (MGB) Biobank cohort (n = 29,130). Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Apr 16. Epub 2022 Apr 16.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2022 Apr 19. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: Simulated daylight photodynamic therapy (SDL-PDT) is a new treatment alternative for actinic keratosis. The aim of this study was to show how the illuminance that reaches the target skin area during SDL-PDT depends on the spatial positioning of the patient.

Methods: In this technical validation study, illuminance from the SDL-PDT system IndoorLux© was measured at different angles, directions, and distances from the light sources corresponding to potential target skin areas. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2022 Apr 18:1-20. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy.

Background: Actinic keratosis is one of the most common dermatological disorders. A new topical solution, constituted by 0.5% 5-fluorouracil and 10% salicylic acid (Actikerall, Almirall) has been introduced in the treatment pipeline of non-hyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of the head and neck. Read More

J Oncol 2022 6;2022:2750193. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Accumulating evidence has revealed that delocalization of the transmembrane proteins, Claudin-1 and Claudin-7, to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus occurs in various tumors. However, their subcellular distribution in terms of the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and relationship with signaling pathways have not been elucidated during carcinogenesis. We first determined the expression of these proteins in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus using ImageJ software and automatically collected the immunohistochemical quantification of dysplasia (actinic keratosis (AK)), carcinoma in situ (CIS; Bowen's disease (BD)), and invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for digital image analysis (DIA). Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2022 Jan-Apr;14(1):31-38. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Specialist Connect Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Extensive Skin Field Cancerization (ESFC) describes multiple actinic keratoses, with and without keratinocyte skin cancers. These areas are characterised by dysplastic keratoses, are prone to new malignancies, involve significant morbidity, have a poor cosmetic appearance, and impact negatively on quality of life. Available topical field therapies have limited durability of efficacy. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022 Apr 11:102858. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Classic photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective, but very painful, treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). Daylight PDT with simultaneous activation of protoporphyrin IX during its formation is almost painless and as effective. Recent studies suggest that this gentle simultaneous activation can be performed indoors by replacing daylight with a suitable light source. Read More

J Prim Health Care 2022 Apr;14(1):80-86

University of Auckland, Waikato Clinical Campus, New Zealand; and Waikato District Health Board, Department of Dermatology, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Introduction Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis (AK) are usually located on sun-exposed areas of the body. Aims Our main aims were to identify the common body site locations of BCC, SCC and AK in patients attending the Waikato District Health Board teledermoscopy clinic, also known as the Waikato Virtual Lesion Clinic, as well as to analyse whether the distribution of location changes with age and sex. Methods This is a retrospective study where the body site location of 3272 keratinocytic lesions was determined and analysed in 1864 patients attending the Waikato District Health Board teledermoscopy clinics between 2010 and 2021. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2022 Apr 12. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, 39 Zeev Jabotinsky St, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel.

Actinic keratoses are common cutaneous lesions with a potential to progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, treatment is crucial. The Tixel® is a noninvasive thermomechanical device designed to transfer heat to the upper dermis in a controlled manner according to a predetermined setting. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Apr 7;12(1):5884. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.

Actinic keratosis (AK) are precancerous lesions of the skin which may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. However, single lesions may also persist or even regress and heal spontaneously. Until now, evidence on the natural course of AK including spontaneous regression is limited. Read More

Front Oncol 2022 22;12:868781. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

The prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus(MCPyV) in Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC) and non-MCC skin lesions and its possible role in the etiology of other skin diseases remain controversial. To systematically assess the association between MCPyV infection and MCC, non-MCC skin lesions, and normal skin. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, a comprehensive search for eligible studies was conducted using Medline Ovid, Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases until August 2021; references were searched to identify additional studies. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2022 Apr 4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA. Electronic address:

The skin microbiome plays a critical role in skin homeostasis and disorders. UV-radiation is the major cause for nonmelanoma skin cancer, but other risk factors including immune suppression, chronic inflammation, and antibiotic usage, suggest the microbiome as an additional, unexplored risk factor and potential disease biomarker. The overarching goal was to study the skin microbiome in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pre-malignant actinic keratosis (AK) compared to healthy skin to identify skin cancer-associated changes in the skin microbiome. Read More

Biochem Soc Trans 2022 Apr;50(2):975-985

Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, U.K.

5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) was first implemented over three decades ago and has since been mainly part of clinical practice for the management of pre-cancerous and cancerous skin lesions. Photodynamic therapy relies on the combination of a photosensitizer, light and oxygen to cause photo-oxidative damage of cellular components. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural precursor of the heme biosynthetic pathway, which when exogenously administered leads to the accumulation of the photoactivatable protoporphyrin IX. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2022 Apr 4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.

1,25(OH) D , the active form of vitamin D, has been extensively studied for its putative protective activities against tumors. It does biological work by connecting to a nuclear receptor called VDR, which heterodimerizes itself to another nuclear receptor, RXR. The study observed differences in VDR and RXR expression in non-melanoma skin cancer a actinic keratosis and compared it with normal skin. Read More

JAAD Int 2022 Jun 30;7:113-118. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Therapeutics Clinical Research, San Diego, California.

Background: Since the introduction of imiquimod cream, patients have reported treatment-emergent symptoms that mimic influenza. However, clear relationships between the onset of symptoms from topical imiquimod and various variables (eg, patient's age) remain unclear.

Objective: To evaluate potential relationships between the onset of visceral symptoms that mimic influenza and variables including patient age, the severity of local cutaneous reactions, the amount of surface area, areas of the body being treated, and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines present during 2 cycles of 14-day treatment of imiquimod 3. Read More