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Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):95-97

Nine herbaceous plant species were tested for susceptibility to Plum pox virus (PPV) by Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of its infectious cDNA clone. Two of them became infected, namely spinach (local infection) and oilseed poppy (systemic infection). As a control, PPV infection was successfully established in plum seedlings following agroinfiltration, thus providing the first report of agroinfection in Prunus species. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):90-94

In this study, forty serum samples from field buffaloes vaccinated with inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were collected. These animals were multiple vaccinated with the above vaccine during previous years. The study was conducted to determine the actual status of the protective antibodies generated after vaccination. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):85-89

We have developed methods for detecting the genetic diversity of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) in the 905 nt 3' sequence. The amplicons were cloned from six grapevine cultivars, and colony polymerase chain reaction (colony PCR) using recombination bacteria was subsequently analyzed by RFLP and SSCP. Four haplotypes of SSCP and six haplotypes of Sac I RFLPs were defined. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):77-84

Late expression factor 4 (LEF4), RNA polymerase subunit of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), plays an enzymatic role to enhance the capping of pre-mRNA of late and very late genes. Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification process having many important functions associated with the regulation of a gene expression. Our previous study on lysine acetylome in BmNPV infected BmN cells showed that LEF 4 was acetylated at lysine 76 (K76). Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):65-76

The La protein binds to RNA and protects replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). We recently developed the compound nH115a, an inhibitor of the La protein that has high stability and anti-HBV activity. However, the mechanism, by which this compound inhibits HBV infection and its safety to embryos, remains unclear. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):55-64

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection results in serious economic losses to the pig industry. This positive-sense RNA virus hijacks cell host proteins for its own replication. Although previous studies have shown that RPS3, a 40S ribosomal subunit protein, is mainly required for DNA repair, apoptosis and inflammation, the effect of RPS3 on CSFV replication remains uncertain. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):39-54

Cells infected with MA104 rotavirus and/or transfected with plasmids expressing NSP proteins, were analyzed for expression of cellular proteins related to NFκB and PPARγ pathways and evaluated through the ELISA, luminescence, flow cytometry and Western blot techniques. The association between cellular and viral (NSPs) proteins was examined by ELISA, epifluorescence and confocal microscopy techniques. It was observed that NSP1 protein interacts with RXR, NSP1, and NSP3 with PPARγ, NSP2 with p-IKKα/β and NSP5 with NFκB proteins. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):27-38

Enteroviruses had diverged into many types, some of which cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The predominant enterovirus types associated with HFMD are EVA71, CVA16, CVA6 and CVA10. Four enterovirus types were classified into subtypes based on VP1 sequences. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):18-26

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection accelerates the progression of HBV-related liver diseases. HBV basic core promoter (BCP)/pre-core (preC) gene mutations may be one of the most important risk factors. In this study, a total of 230 patients were recruited, and 199 patients whose HBV BCP/preC gene were successfully amplified and sequenced, including 99 HIV/HBV co-infected and 100 HBV mono-infected patients. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):11-17

This work aims to study amalgavirus diversity in different species of allium collected around the world. Transcriptomic data of 19 Sequence Read Archive runs available at GenBank, as well as RNA-seq data generated from onion tissue from fields in Brazil were used to assemble nine allium cepa amalgavirus 1 (AcAV-1) and nine allium cepa amalgavirus 2 (AcAV-2) genomes from different species of allium worldwide. Sequence demarcation tool analyses of RdRp amino acid sequences revealed identities above 99% within each species, except for an isolate of AcAV-1 from Allium escalonicum from China. Read More

Acta Virol 2022 ;66(1):3-10

Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) is an economically important virus limiting sugarcane production worldwide. Although Ethiopia is a major sugarcane producer, and virus-like symptoms are frequently observed in sugarcane fields, there is a complete lack of information as to the occurrence, distribution and molecular properties of SCBV. This study was aimed to identify and characterize SCBV isolates in Ethiopia using molecular methods. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):440-441

Daphnia pulex from a small pond were infected by an iridescence virus. Infected daphnia differed from healthy ones due to the intense characteristic pink reflected iridescent color. Infected individuals collected in the field died in laboratory as a result of the iridoviral infection. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):433-439

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main etiological agents in acute respiratory infections. To date, the replicative cycle of this virus is not completely known, and the events as well as the role of cellular and viral proteins that participate in the infectious cycle of RSV are still a matter of intense research. An important protein that is a control point for many viruses is the helicase eIF4AI, which participates at the beginning of the cap-dependent translation of eukaryotes and cap-independent translation of certain viral mRNAs. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):411-419

The effects of double combinations of enterovirus (EV) replication inhibitors against Coxsackieviruses B1 (neurotropic Connecticut-5 strain) and B3 (cardiotropic Woodruff and neurotropic Nancy strains) were tested in cell culture experiments. Compounds with different mechanisms of action were studied: pleconaril, guanidine.HCl, MDL-860 and oxoglaucine. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):350-364

Zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic viruses, are a cause of deadly epidemics around the globe. These are of particular concern as evident from the recent global pandemic due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The genus Ebolavirus belongs to the Filoviridae family and its members are known to cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), a highly contagious disease with a mortality rate of approximately 90%. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):339-349

Proteomics is widely used to investigate and understand viral infections in livestock and poultry. The effects of infections on abundance, post-translational modifications, and interactions of host cell proteins have been systematically studied using proteomic methods, such as two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Such research increases our understanding of the pathogenesis of viral infections and contributes to the development of novel anti-viral drugs for the livestock and poultry industries. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):420-432

Cross-sectional seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was accomplished in the Slovak Academy of Sciences to inform authorities of research institutions about the situation at their workplaces, to assess the risk of next exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and to guide decisions on institutional measures sustaining essential research in evolving epidemic situation. Study participants provided informed consent, anamnestic information, and self-collected dry blood spot samples that were analyzed by ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG antibodies. Relative antibody levels detected in 1928 subjects showed seroprevalence of 84. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):402-410

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus that reemerged in 2007 and, since then, has caused several outbreaks and spread to over 80 countries worldwide. Along with this, ZIKV infections have been associated with severe clinical outcomes, including neurological manifestations, especially in newborns, posing a major threat to human health. However, there are no licensed vaccines or specific antiviral agents available yet; thereby, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to fight this infection. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):390-401

Liver cancer is the 5th most common cancer caused mainly due to the late detection of hepatitis. Therefore, the early detection of hepatitis through genetic markers boosts effective and remedial management. In addition, to determine the occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), genotyping is indispensable as majority of hepatitis cases remain undiagnosed. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):373-380

Varicosaviruses (the genus Varicosavirus) are bipartite, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect plants. We analyzed a transcriptome dataset isolated from the common eelgrass (Zostera marina) and identified a novel varicosavirus named Zostera associated varicosavirus 1 (ZaVV1). The ZaVV1 genome consists of two genomic segments: RNA1 (6,632-nt) has an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a large multi-functional polymerase protein (L), while RNA2 (4,304-nt) has four ORFs: one for a nucleocapsid protein and three for proteins with unknown functions (P2, P3, and P4). Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):381-389

Nora virus is a RNA picorna-like virus that produces a persistent infection in Drosophila melanogaster. The genome is approximately 12,300 bases and is divided into four open reading frames (ORFs). Structurally, there are four important viral proteins: VP3, VP4A, VP4B, and VP4C. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):365-372

Potyvirids (the family Potyviridae) are the largest family of plant RNA viruses. Two novel potyvirid viruses, Striga-associated poty-like virus 1 (SaPlV1) and Striga-associated poty-like virus 2 (SaPlV2), were identified from the transcriptome data of purple witchweed (Striga hermonthica). SaPlV1 was most closely related to bellflower veinal mottle virus (BVMoV), the only member of the genus Bevemovirus, and then to macluraviruses (the genus Macluravirus). Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(4):333-338

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread throughout the world, causing millions of infections and dead. One major question in predicting the course of the COVID-19 pandemic is how well and how long the immune response protects the host from reinfection. Although more studies are needed, evidence suggests that virus-specific B cell response in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly generated and seems to be more reliable marker of long-lasting humoral responses than serum antibodies. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):324-329

Broad human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-specific cellular responses can control viremia and provide slow progression to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study, we evaluate multiple HIV-1 Gag-specific lymphoproliferative responses and find their connection with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cell count and viral load from chronically HIV-1-infected patients. We further search for the correlation between multiple Gag-specific lymphoproliferative responses and changes in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):320-323

The complete genome of a novel virus from Arma chinensis was determined by RNA sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This virus has a single-stranded RNA genome of 10,540 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly(A) tail. Two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) in the sense direction were predicted: one long ORF at the 5' end of the genome (6,219 nt) that encodes a polypeptide of 2,072 amino acids (aa), and one short ORF at the 3' end of the genome (3,033 nt) that encodes a polypeptide of 1,010 aa. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):313-319

Mycoviruses widely exist in diverse lineages of fungi, yet there are only a few studies on mycovirus infection in uncultivated fungi. We here report the presence of a dsRNA mycovirus in saprotrophic spring orange peel fungus Caloscypha fulgens. A novel dsRNA virus, named "Caloscypha fulgens fusagravirus 1" (CfFV1), was isolated from a single ascocarp of C. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):307-312

The first weeks of life are extremely important for the development of the immunity-virome interaction that affects human health in adulthood. In this study we analyzed Torque teno virus (TTV) dynamics during the first weeks of life in the full-term/premature infants in relation with the maternal TTV load and the type of feeding. 152 infants aged 1-14 weeks (63 full-term and 89 premature) and 33 mother-child pairs were analyzed for the whole blood TTV load by qPCR with test sensitivity of 1000 viral copies/ml. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):303-306

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically significant pathogens in swine industry of China. To study infection and genetic variation of PRRSV, 637 tissue samples were collected from diseased pigs in Shandong, and then subjected to detection of PRRSV. The nsp2 and ORF5 genes were sequenced for investigation of variations and phylogenetic analysis. Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):288-302

A novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), enters into the host cells through an interaction between its surface spike protein (S-protein) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using effective S-protein inhibitors may reduce the virulence of the virus. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of 97 phenolic compounds (phenolics) with the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Read More

Acta Virol 2021 ;65(3):279-287

The current limited understanding of HCV entry mechanisms hinders the development of specific antiviral drug screening techniques and vaccine assessment. HCV subtypes and cellular surface proteins both can affect virus tropism. Human factors such as low-density lipoprotein receptor (hLDLR), CD81 (hCD81), scavenger receptor class B type I (hSR-BI), claudin 1 (hCLDN1), and occludin (hOCLN) assist HCV entry into hepatocytes. Read More