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Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 May 21:1-7. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, AarhusDenmark.

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 May 18:1-28. Epub 2020 May 18.

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of (-)-OSU6162 in doses up to 30 mg b.i.d. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 May 11:1-7. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 May 7:1-32. Epub 2020 May 7.

School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Objective And Rationale: Animal models are critical for the study of mental disorders and their treatments but are repeatedly criticized for problems with validity and reproducibility. One approach to enhance validity and reproducibility of models is to use test batteries rather than single tests. Yet, a question regarding batteries is whether one can expect a consistent individual behavioral phenotype in mice across tests that can be presumed to be part of the same construct. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 May 7:1-24. Epub 2020 May 7.

School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Objectives: Growing evidence suggested that antiretroviral drugs (ARV) may promote β-amyloid accumulation in HIV-1-infected brain and the persistence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). It has also been shown that lipid peroxidation upregulates β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression and subsequent promote β-amyloid peptide production. In the present study, we examined whether chronic exposure to the anti-HIV drugs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and nevirapine induces lipid peroxidation thereby promoting BACE1 and β-amyloid generation and consequently impair cognitive function in mice. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 27:1-10. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.

Objective: Reward sensitivity is an increasingly used construct in psychiatry, yet its possible inner structure and relationship with other affective variables are not well known.

Methods: A reward sensitivity measurement scale was constructed on the basis of large item pool collected from birth cohort representative samples (the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study; original n = 1238). Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were administered in young adulthood. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 27:1-30. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Elisabeth H. Wiig, Boston University and Knowledge Research Institute, Inc., Arlington, Texas.

Objective: We evaluated processing-speed and shift-cost measures in adults with depression or ADHD and monitored the effects of treatment. We hypothesized that cognitive-speed and shift-cost measures might differentiate diagnostic groups.

Methods: Colour, form, and colour-form stimuli were used to measured naming times. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 24:1-16. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

University Hospital Institut Pere Mata, Health Research Institute Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain. Network Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.

Objective: It has been hypothesized that neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, can be the result of a milder brain bioenergetic defect produced by mitochondrial dysfunction; however, mitochondrial dysfunction can be present in other organs or systems. The aim of the study was to investigate whether clinical conditions associated with mitochondrial disorders (CAMDs) were frequently present in schizophrenia.

Methods: A previously used questionnaire regarding the CAMDs was administered to patients and controls in a direct interview with a trained psychiatrist. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 22:1-3. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Mar 26:1-8. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) are widely expressed in the brain. Evidence suggests that they may play a role in reward responses and neuroprotection. However, the association of GLP-1R with anhedonia and depression diagnosis has not been studied. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Mar 17:1-8. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy.

Objective: Increasing evidence suggests that immunological and inflammatory dysfunctions may play an important role in predisposition, onset, and progression of schizophrenia and related psychosis. The activation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, especially microglia and monocytes, has been reported in schizophrenia. We carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate if there are significant differences in monocyte count comparing healthy controls with people suffering from schizophrenia and related disorders. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Mar 17:1-12. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London-SE5 8AF, UK.

Objectives: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia and it causes more morbidity and mortality than Alzheimer's disease. Several genetic associations of LBD have been reported and their functional implications remain uncertain. Hence, we aimed to do a systematic review of all gene expression studies that investigated people with LBD for improving our understanding of LBD molecular pathology and for facilitating discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LBD. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 17:1-4. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess whether the auditory brainstem response (ABR) profiling test for schizophrenia (SZ) would recognise schizoaffective disorder (SZA) patients as SZ or not.

Method: Male and female SZA patients (n = 16) from the psychosis unit at Uppsala University Hospital were investigated. Coded sets of randomised ABR recordings intermingled with patients with SZ, adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls were analysed by an independent party blinded to clinical diagnoses. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 17:1-7. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objective: Although the assessment of expression of serotonin-related genes in experimental animals has become a common strategy to shed light on variations in brain serotonergic function, it remains largely unknown to what extent the manipulation of serotonin levels causes detectable changes in gene expression. We therefore chose to investigate how sub-acute depletion or elevation of brain serotonin influences the expression of a number of serotonin-related genes in six brain areas.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), or a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, for 3 days and then sacrificed. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 17:1-2. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 14:1-6. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA.

Objective: We provide a closer look at the result of a randomised, placebo-controlled, active-reference (quetiapine XR), flexible-dose, 6-week study of brexpiprazole in schizophrenia, which did not meet its primary endpoint - change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. We also investigate potential expectancy bias from the well-known side-effect profile of the active reference that could have affected the study outcome.

Methods: Pre-specified sensitivity analyses of the primary end point were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) last observation carried forward (LOCF) and observed cases (OC). Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 10:1-10. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.

Background: Peripheral gene expression of several molecular pathways has been studied in major depressive disorder (MDD) with promising results. We sought to investigate some of these genes in a treatment-free Latino sample of Mexican descent.

Material And Methods: The sample consisted of 50 MDD treatment-free cases and 50 sex and age-matched controls. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 10:1-8. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic review and update on the pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder (SAD), including the efficacy and tolerability of these agents, the ranking of interventions, and the grading of results by quality of evidence.

Methods: The Common Mental Disorder Controlled Trial Register and two trial registries were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any pharmacological intervention or placebo in the treatment of SAD. We performed a standard pairwise meta-analysis using a random effects model and carried out a network meta-analysis (NMA) using the statistical package, R. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Jan 29:1-6. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.

Objective: Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that prenatal exposure to stress impairs the development of the offspring brain and facilitates the emergence of mental illness. This study aims to describe the impact of prenatal restraint stress on cognition and exploration to an unfamiliar environment at adulthood in an outbred strain of mice.

Methods: Late pregnant mice were exposed to restraint stress and adult offspring (60 days of age) behaviours were assessed in the object recognition task and open field test. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Jan 29:1-22. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Objective: Abnormalities in neurotransmission via N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) play a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on NMDAR-related amino acids remains unknown. We aim to investigate the effects of rTMS on NMDAR-related amino acids in serum of post-stroke patients. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Jan 6:1-8. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Objective: To investigate the association of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and early neurodevelopment in the first 2 years of life, adjusting for maternal socio-demographic and psychosocial factors, in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a South African birth cohort study.

Methods: The DCHS comprises a population-based birth cohort of 1143 children, of which a subsample completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) at 6 (n = 260) and 24 months of age (n = 734). A subset of alcohol-exposed and -unexposed children was included in this analysis at age 6 (n = 52 exposed; n = 104 unexposed) and 24 months (n = 92 exposed; n = 184 unexposed). Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Jan 6:1-11. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Objective: Gene-environment (GxE) interactions may comprise an important part of the aetiology of depression, and childhood maltreatment (CM), a significant stressor, has consistently been linked to depression. Hence, in this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the interaction between hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) genes and CM in depression.

Methods: We conducted a literature search using the Pubmed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 5:1-8. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes Alzheimer's Dementia (AD), and in a high proportion of individuals affected by MCI, there are already neuropathological processes ongoing that become more evident when patients progress to AD. Accordingly, there is a need for reliable biomarkers to distinguish between normal aging and incipient AD. Recent research suggests that, in addition to established biomarkers such as CSF Aß42, total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau, resting state connectivity established by functional magnetic resonance imaging might also be a feasible biomarker for prodromal stages of AD. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec;31(6):325-336

AalborgUniversity Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark.

Background: Obesity represents a tremendous global health problem. Studies over the past decade have suggested that food addiction (FA), that is, physical cravings for certain foods - high in fat/sugar - and addiction-like overeating of these types of food, is a likely contributor to the obesity epidemic. While FA has been studied extensively, there are some significant gaps in the literature that need to be addressed: (I) Most estimates of the prevalence of FA are based on nonprobability sampling, which significantly limits the representativeness of the prevalence estimates. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 3:1-9. Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2G3.

The past decade has seen a surge of reports and investigations into cases of autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. The increasing recognition of these disorders is especially of relevance to the fields of neurology and psychiatry. Autoimmune encephalitis involves antibodies against synaptic receptors, neuronal cell surface proteins and intracellular targets. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 20;32(2):92-98. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Encephalitis due to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies (ANMDARE) is the most frequent immune-mediated encephalitis. It is distinguished by the subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristic neuropsychiatric symptoms and their outcome in patients diagnosed with ANMDARE. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 20;32(1):43-53. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: Sustained immune activation leads to cognitive dysfunctions, depression-, and anxiety-like behaviours in humans and rodents. It is modelled by administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that then activate indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Here, we ask whether chronic IDO1 inhibition by 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT, added at 2 g/l in the drinking water) or chronic inhibition of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO2), another enzyme capable of converting tryptophan to kynurenine, by 680C91 (15 mg/kg per os), can rescue LPS-induced (0. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 20;32(1):32-42. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Objective: Findings from animal studies indicate that the early gut bacteriome is a potential mechanism linking maternal prenatal stress with health trajectories in offspring. However, clinical studies are scarce and the associations of maternal psychological profiles with the early infant faecal bacteriome are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations of prenatal stressors and distress with early infant faecal bacterial profiles in a South African birth cohort study. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 14;32(2):99-108. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: This study was carried out to delineate differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls in dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor (KOR) levels in association with changes in the β-endorphin - mu opioid receptor (MOR) and immune-inflammatory system.

Methods: The present study examines dynorphin, KOR, β-endorphin, MOR, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in 60 drug-free male participants with MDD and 30 age-matched healthy males.

Results: Serum dynorphin, KOR, β-endorphin and MOR are significantly higher in MDD as compared to controls. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 08;31(s2):1-54

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 24;31(6):348-349. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.

Objective: The ongoing translational and reproducibility crisis dominates preclinical research today as results from animal studies often disappoint when transferred to human clinical studies. This problem is especially relevant in the field of brain diseases and translational neuropsychiatry.

Methods: Here, we discuss if the 3R concept could be part of the translational crisis. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 10;31(s1):1-32

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 14;32(2):72-83. Epub 2019 Nov 14.

Institute for Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Psykiatrisk Forskningsenhed Vest, Herning, Denmark.

Objective: Antipsychotics often induce excessive weight gain. We hypothesised that individuals with genetic variations related to known obesity-risk genes have an increased risk of excessive antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). This hypothesis was tested in a subset of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) trial data set. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 30;32(1):23-31. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Department of Mental Health, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.

Objective: Cross-sectional data show elevated levels of circulating cytokines in psychiatric patients. The literature is divided concerning anti-inflammatory drugs' ability to relieve symptoms, questioning a causal link between inflammatory pathways and psychiatric conditions. We hypothesised that the development of circulating cytokine levels is related to mental distress, and that this relationship is affected by the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 26;32(2):65-71. Epub 2019 Dec 26.

Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia in the world whose aetiology is still unclear. AD was always related to ageing though there have been instances where people at an early age also succumb to this disease. With medical advancements, the mortality rate has significantly reduced which also makes people more prone to AD. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Apr 14;32(2):57-64. Epub 2019 Oct 14.

Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was approved by Food and Drug Administration for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, primary generalised or segmental dystonia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. The exact mechanism of DBS remains unclear which causes side effects. The aim of this review was to assess variables causing stimulation-induced chronic psychiatric/personality-changing side effects. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 3;31(6):316-324. Epub 2019 Sep 3.

Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.

Objective: To explore whether and how group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) plus medication differs from medication alone for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods: Hundred and seventy patients were randomly assigned to the GCBT plus duloxetine (n=89) or duloxetine group (n=81). The primary outcomes were Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) response and remission rates. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 27;31(6):343-347. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

VISN22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia, and the antioxidant defence system (AODS) may be protective in this illness. We examined the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in prefrontal brain and its correlates with clinical and demographic variables in schizophrenia.

Methods: GSH levels were measured in the dorsolateral prefrontal region of 28 patients with chronic schizophrenia using a magnetic resonance spectroscopy sequence specifically adapted for GSH. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 14;31(6):294-304. Epub 2019 Oct 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: To examine associations between IgA responses to Gram-negative gut commensal bacteria and peri-menstrual symptoms and sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual symptoms.

Methods: Forty women aged 18-45 years completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) during all 28 consecutive days of the menstrual cycle. We assayed, in plasma, IgA responses to six Gram-negative bacteria, that is, Hafnei alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas putida and Citobacter koseri, progesterone and oestradiol at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Dec 19;31(6):305-315. Epub 2019 Aug 19.

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.

Objective: Despite its numerous side effects, clozapine is still the most effective antipsychotics making it an ideal reference substance to validate the efficacy of novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, blood-brain barrier permeability for most new molecular entities is unknown, requiring central delivery. Thus, we performed a dose-finding study for chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) delivery of clozapine in mice. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Oct;31(5):270-275

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Objective: To examine the association of psychological distress with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in a South African cohort.

Methods: Data were analysed on individuals aged ≥15 years from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES) of 2012. Psychological distress was evaluated using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020 Feb 27;32(1):10-22. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London-SE5 8AF, UK.

Objective: Cognitive impairment and depression are among the most prevalent and most disabling non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The genetic factors that are associated with these symptoms remain uncertain. This systematic review aims to summarise the prevailing evidence from all genetic association studies investigating the genetic variants associated with cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in people with PD. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 Oct;31(5):252-257

Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine whether and to what extent mood disorders, comprising major depression and bipolar disorder, are accompanied by structural changes in the brain as measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Methods: We performed a VBM study using a 3Т MRI system (GE Discovery 750w) in patients with mood disorders (n=50), namely, 39 with major depression and 11 with bipolar disorder compared to 42 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls.

Results: Our results show that depression was associated with significant decreases in grey matter (GM) volume of the regions located within the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex on the left side and middle frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (triangular and orbital parts) and middle temporal gyrus (extending to the superior temporal gyrus) on the right side. Read More

Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019 10;31(5):276-284

The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

In this response, we address point by point the additional issues raised by Hieronymus et al. in their second round of critique of our systematic review on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for major depression. We repulse that we are biased or mistaken in any major ways. Read More