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Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Neuroradiology, Interventional Neuroradiology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.

Background: Volumetric assessment of aneurysmal bleeding has been evaluated in few studies and emerged as a promising outcome predictor. There is a lack of studies evaluating its impact in the poor-grade population.

Methods: Retrospective review of 63 consecutive poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients, defined as grade IV and V according to the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) classifications. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 100, Avenida Comandante Maurocelio Rocha Pontes, Sobral, 62042-280, Brazil.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 44-46, BH-08, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used as a minimally invasive alternative in many neurosurgical conditions, including benign and malignant tumors, vascular malformations, and functional procedures. As for any surgical procedure, strict safety guidelines and checklists are necessary to avoid errors and the inherent unnecessary complications. With regard to the former, other groups have already reported human and/or technical errors. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Departments of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Phantom limb pain is a complex, incompletely understood pain syndrome that is characterized by chronic painful paresthesias in a previous amputated body part. Limited treatment modalities exist that provide meaningful relief, including pharmacological treatments and spinal cord stimulation that are rarely successful for refractory cases. Here, we describe our two-patient cohort with recalcitrant upper extremity phantom limb pain treated with chronic subdural cortical stimulation. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Road, Jing An District, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of single and dual nerve transfer for the repair of shoulder abduction in patients with upper or upper and middle trunk root avulsion.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with C5-C6 or C5-C7 root avulsion treated by nerve transfer in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different operation methods. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532, SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Background: The effectiveness of the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is well known on short term. However, limited data is available about long-term outcome after carpal tunnel release (CTR). The aims of this study were to explore the long-term outcome after CTR and to identify prognostic factors for long-term outcome. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisiere Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.

Background: The relationship between increased meningioma incidence and growth and long-term hormonal therapy with cyproterone acetate (CPA) in women has been recently established in literature. Following the raise in awareness from hormonal treatment, we describe a potential relationship between the progesterone agonist nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) and meningioma growth.

Methods: After implementation of a screening protocol to detect potential interactions between hormonal exposure and occurrence of meningioma, we identified patients taking NOMAC and newly diagnosed with a meningioma. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Choroid plexus tumors are rare entities. Resection is the mainstay of treatment in grade I and grade II tumors and adjuvant treatment is usually reserved for the less frequent choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). Outcome is not only related to their histological grade but also dependent on their size, location, and presence of often multifactorial disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Postage: G03.124, PO-box 85500, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: Surgical treatment of intracranial saccular aneurysms aims to prevent (re)hemorrhage by complete occlusion of the aneurysmal lumen. It is unclear whether routine postoperative imaging, to assess aneurysmal occlusion, is necessary since intraoperative assessment by the neurosurgeon may be sufficient. We assessed routine clinical protocols for post-clipping imaging in the Netherlands and determined whether intraoperative assessment of aneurysm clippings sufficiently predicts aneurysm residuals. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan.

Background: This study aimed to investigate factors related to improvement of hemodynamics and evaluated the usefulness of intraoperative Doppler for predicting postoperative hemodynamics in patients with cerebrovascular atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (CASD) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) who were treated with extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery.

Method: Forty-eight patients with CASD of the ICA or MCA who were treated by superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass with a follow-up longer than 12 months were enrolled. Repeated transient ischemic attack or completed ischemic stroke was observed under optimal medical therapy in all patients. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique, Hôpital Foch, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France.

The superficial middle cerebral veins (SMCVs) are large veins to drain the brain and therefore anatomical knowledge of them is important for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists. In a patient with a ruptured blister aneurysm, we incidentally found during angiography an aberrant drainage of the SMCVs, which penetrated the lateral part of the greater sphenoid wing and directly connected the SMCVs with the deep facial vein. Neurosurgeons usually need to remove that part of the greater sphenoid wing during the fronto-temporal approach. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinik, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eisyokai Yoshida Hospital, Daikai-dori9-2-6, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, 652-0803, Japan.

Objective: We have recently seen cases of postoperative epidural and subdural hematomas after duraplasty with an artificial dura substitute. In these cases, the epidural hematoma flowed into the subdural space through a tear at the suture point of the artificial dura substitute. In this study, whether such hematomas are specific to a certain artificial dura substitute was investigated, and the cause and risk factors were examined. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.

Background: For the precise removal of pituitary tumors, preserving the surrounding normal structures, we need real-time intraoperative information on tumor location, margins, and surrounding structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a new intraoperative real-time imaging modality using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence through an endoscopic system during transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary tumors.

Methods: Between August 2013 and October 2014, 20 patients with pituitary and parasellar region tumors underwent TSS using the ICG fluorescence endoscopic system. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Neurological Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, No 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu, 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Background: Endoscopic transorbital approach is a novel development of minimally invasive skull base surgery. Recently, anatomical studies have started to discuss the expanded utilization of endoscopic transorbital route for intracranial intradural lesions. The goal of this cadaveric study is to assess the feasibility of endoscopic transorbital transtentorial approach for exposure of middle incisural space. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 # Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100054, China.

Background: Microsurgical clipping of large ophthalmic-carotid artery (OA) aneurysms is technically challenging. Among the reported approaches, pterional combined epidural and subdural approach is one of the efficient choices.

Method: We have applied this approach to treat a 33-year old female patient with a left large OA aneurysm. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Studies on the associations between preoperative cerebral edema, cognitive functioning, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in WHO grade I meningioma patients are virtually lacking. We studied the association between preoperative cerebral edema on postoperative cognitive functioning and HRQOL 6 months postoperatively in WHO grade I meningioma patients.

Methods: Twenty-one consecutive WHO grade I meningioma patients, who underwent surgery, were matched individually for age, gender, and educational level to healthy controls. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (Neurosurgery), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Canada.

Background: An important aspect in the management of patients with diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs) involves monitoring the lesions via serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, radiological interpretations of LGG interval scans are often qualitative and thus difficult to use clinically.

Methods: To contextualize these assessments, we retrospectively compared radiological interpretations of LGG growth or stability to volume change measured by manual segmentation. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of residual tumour after resection of brain metastases using early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the influence of residual tumour on overall patient survival.

Methods: Data from 72 consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for cerebral metastases over an 18-month study period were retrospectively collected. Early postoperative MRI was used to determine the presence of postoperative residual tumour. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Background: Side-to-side neurorrhaphy may protect the denervated end organ and preserve the initial connection with proximal stump. We examined the effect of protective side-to-side anastomosis on nerve and end organ regeneration in proximal nerve injury model.

Methods: The left common peroneal nerve of 24 Sprague Dawley rats was proximally transected. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, a novel class of monoclonal antibodies, reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and improve outcomes of myocardial infarction and stroke. However, the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on carotid plaques remain unclear. We describe three patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab for progressive carotid stenosis despite lipid-lowering statin therapy. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0914, Japan.

Background: Hyponatremia generally occurs after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in a delayed fashion. Most patients with delayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) are asymptomatic or only express non-specific symptoms; consequently, DPH is associated with prolonged hospitalization. No consensus has been reached on which patients are at greatest risk of developing DPH. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Background: Cranioplasty is an increasingly common procedure performed in neurosurgical centres following a decompressive craniectomy (DC), however, timing of the procedure varies greatly.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes of an early compared to a late cranioplasty procedure.

Methods: Ninety adult patients who underwent a prosthetic cranioplasty between 2014 and 2017 were studied retrospectively. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12631 E. 17th Ave., C307, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.

Background: Olfaction is an undervalued sense in neurosurgery. Attempted surgical resection of anterior cranial fossa meningiomas puts the olfactory pathway at risk. Preservation of olfaction may increase the postoperative quality of life. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, University Neurosurgical Center Holland (UNCH), Leiden, The Netherlands.

The collaborator names are inverted. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Dongil-ro 1342, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, South Korea.

Background: Unstable atlas fractures with concomitant transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) injury may be conservatively managed by halo-vest immobilization (HVI) or surgically treated by various fixation techniques. Many surgeons prefer surgical management due to complications, nonunion, and further dislocations with HVI. There are no comparative studies on surgical and nonsurgical management of unstable atlas fractures. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Neuroradiology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy.

During intracranial tumor resection, the delayed kinking of a major encased vessel has never been described in literature. We present a case which required urgent endovascular treatment performed through a stent positioning. A patient was hospitalized with symptomatic sphenoid meningioma in the left middle cranial fossa. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Level 4, A Block, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

National Brain Aneurysm & Tumor Center, United Hospital, 3033 Excelsior Blvd, Suite 495, Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA.

While intracranial ischemic insults often result in neuronal death and permanent neurological deficits, some patients may develop potentially reversible neurological dysfunction from persistent hypoperfusion, as surviving neurons remain in an "idling" state. We report a unique series of three patients with long-standing neurological deficits who underwent EC-IC bypass for repeated TIAs and demonstrated unexpected, rapid resolution of long-standing pre-existing neurological deficits. We suggest that these individuals harbored regions of underperfused, idling neurons that responded rapidly to restored cerebral reperfusion. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Background: Data about the influence of pregnancy on progression-free survival and overall survival of glioma patients are sparse and controversial. We aimed at providing further evidence on this relation.

Methods: The course of 18 glioma patients giving birth to 23 children after tumor surgery was reviewed and compared to the course of 18 nulliparous female patients matched for tumor diagnosis including molecular markers, extent of resection, and tumor location. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

SINTEF Digital, Health Research, Trondheim, Norway.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Background: When participating in contact sports, (mild) head trauma is a common incident-observed in both professional and amateur sports. When head trauma results in transient neurological impairment, a sports-related concussion has occurred. Acute concussion, repetitive concussions, as well as cumulative "sub-concussive" head impacts may increase the risk of developing cognitive and behavioral deficits for athletes, as well as accelerated cerebral degeneration. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 26. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 46 rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: The treatment of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms remains challenging despite progresses in the endovascular and neurosurgical techniques.

Objective: To provide epidemiological characterization of subjects presenting with ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms in Switzerland and thereby assessing the treatment patterns and neurological outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the Swiss SOS registry for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 24;161(2):371-378. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Charitè-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by fragile vascular system. Previous studies suggested that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) destabilizing cytokine angiopoietin-2 plays a critical role in increasing vascular plasticity and endothelial disintegration in MMD. The aim of this study was to assess cerebrovascular integrity in vivo in patients affected by MMD. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 24;161(2):333-341. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: Surgery is the main treatment modality for intracranial meningiomas, but data on short-term surgical outcome are limited. The aim of this Swedish nationwide registry-based study was to benchmark the 30-day complication rate in a cohort of meningioma patients using data from the Swedish brain tumor registry (SBTR). Furthermore, we investigated outcomes for asymptomatic patients. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Rouen University Hospital, 1 rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France.

Background: Frameless stereotactic biopsies, particularly robot-assisted procedures are increasing in neurosurgery centers. Results of these procedures should be at least equal to or greater than frame-based reference procedure. Evaluate robot-assisted technology is necessary in particular, when a team has chosen to switch from one to another method. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb;161(2):203-204

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 23;161(2):205-211. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Background: Our previous studies suggest that the training history of an investigator, termed "medical academic genealogy", influences the outcomes of that investigator's research. Here, we use meta-analysis and quantitative statistical modeling to determine whether such effects contribute to systematic bias in published conclusions.

Methods: A total of 108 articles were identified through a comprehensive search of the high-grade glioma (HGG) surgical resection literature. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris VII-Diderot University, 2 rue Ambroise Pare, 75475, Paris, France.

Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas. Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is a widely used progestin-like drug that could be suggested as an alternative for patients taking CPA. We report a case of CPA-related meningioma for which relay from CPA to NOMAC led to further tumor growth and cessation of NOMAC-induced tumor shrinkage. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 22;161(2):367-370. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Dana Children's Hospital Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Syringo-subarachnoid shunt (SSS) is a valid method for the treatment of syringomyelia persisting after foramen magnum decompression (FMD) for Chiari I malformation.

Method: We give a brief overview on indication and outcome of SSS, followed by a detailed description of the surgical anatomy, and of the microsurgical technique. In particular, we highlight some key points for complication avoidance. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 22;161(2):415. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 760 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, 31096, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage or intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring devices are life-saving devices. We examined the risk factors for infections related to them and assessed the effect of an infection control (IC) intervention.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Neurosurgical Department of our hospital between 2014 and 2017. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 22;161(2):231-232. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 18;161(2):217-224. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9180, USA.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon but potentially devastating syndrome if not recognized and treated appropriately. As the name implies, recognition of the condition and proper management may reverse the clinical and radiological findings. However, diagnosis is not always straightforward. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 17;161(2):343-349. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Background: Hemangioblastomas (HB) are benign tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that can appear sporadic or as part of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. It is often curable with surgical resection, but upon relapse, the disease exhibits a treatment-refractory course.

Case Report: A patient treated for sporadic cerebellar HB relapsed 12 years post-surgery. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 17;161(2):361-365. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Pneumocephalus, the presence of intracranial air, is a complication especially seen after neurotrauma or brain surgery. When it leads to a pressure gradient, a so-called tension pneumocephalus, it may require emergency surgery. Clinical symptomatology, especially in young children, does not differentiate between a pneumocephalus and a tension pneumocephalus. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Center for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.