17,042 results match your criteria Acne Conglobata
Horm Res Paediatr 2018 Dec 11:1-10. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Background/aims: Mutations in the DAX1 gene cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) classically associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Unexpectedly, precocious puberty (PP) has been reported in some cases, its mechanism remaining unclear.
Methods: We longitudinally studied a boy with AHC due to DAX1 gene mutation who developed peripheral PP at age 4. Read More
Microbiol Resour Announc 2018 Jul 19;7(2). Epub 2018 Jul 19.
Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
Propionibacterium acnes, a non-spore-forming anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium, has been linked to a wide range of opportunistic human infections and conditions, most notably acne vulgaris. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of P. acnes subsp. Read More
Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; Medicines360, San Francisco, California; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
Objective: To assess the 5-year contraceptive efficacy and safety of a levonorgestrel (LNG) 52-mg intrauterine system (IUS) from an ongoing 10-year phase 3 contraceptive trial.
Methods: Study investigators enrolled 1,751 nulliparous and parous females aged 16-45 years and desiring contraception to receive a novel LNG 52-mg IUS at 29 centers in the United States, including reproductive health clinics, private offices, and university centers. Participants had scheduled follow-up visits four times during the first year. Read More
J Invest Dermatol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Interdisciplinary group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology / Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS; also designated as acne inversa) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful purulent skin lesions and progressive destruction of skin architecture. Despite the high burden for the patients, pathogenetic pathways underlying HS alterations remain obscure. Investigating the lesional HS cytokine pattern, IL-1β turned out as a highly prominent cytokine, being overexpressed even compared to psoriatic lesions. Read More
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
2, rue du cherche-midi 75006 Paris, France.
Fertil Steril 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Reproductive Health Protection, Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York. Electronic address:
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype, or its component features, is less severe in adolescents than in young adult patients, in a referred (clinical) population.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Tertiary-care academic medical center. Read More
Lung Cancer 2018 Dec 13;126:41-47. Epub 2018 Oct 13.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
Objective: The efficacy and safety of afatinib in elderly patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of afatinib in elderly chemotherapy-naive patients with NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR mutations.
Materials And Methods: We prospectively assessed the clinical effects of afatinib as a first-line treatment for elderly (age ≥70 years) NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R mutation). Read More
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Loyola University Medical Center Dermatology, 321 N La Grange Rd, La Grange Park, IL. Electronic address:
-The optimal timing of laboratory tests for patients on isotretinoin treatment for acne is uncertain.-In this series, although abnormalities in serum lipids in patients receiving isotretinoin were not infrequent, they were mild to moderate, and were generally noted around the second month of treatment.-For healthy patients on isotretinoin, we recommend that a lipid panel and liver function test be performed at baseline and at month 2, when peak dosing is achieved. Read More
Acta Derm Venereol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, China.
The association of atopic dermatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria with socioeconomic status has been little studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of skin diseases and their association with socioeconomic status in adolescents in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a comprehensive university. Read More
Exp Dermatol 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.
Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL.
Background: Studies have begun to investigate the complex relationship between host and microorganisms in non-infectious pathologies such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Though the skin is exposed to environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), no studies exist examining the effects of both UVA and UVB on the skin microbiome.
Objective: To test the effect of UVA and UVB on human skin microbiome. Read More
Exp Dermatol 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.
Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
A relationship between acne and free fatty acids (FFAs) has been suggested recently. However, the effects of FFAs on sebaceous glands are still largely unknown. At the same time, the role of FFAs during chronic inflammation is well established. Read More
Phytother Res 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that occurs when bacteria abnormally grow in hair follicles. The most common treatment is antibiotics, but they are limited due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the active ingredients of the antimicrobial effects of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C. Read More
Indian Dermatol Online J 2018 Nov-Dec;9(6):462-464
Department of Dermatology, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
J Comp Pathol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Dermatology/Parasitology/Mycology Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine-ONIRIS, University of Nantes, CS 40706, Nantes, France; NP3 Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine-ONIRIS, University of Nantes, CS 40706, Nantes 44307, France. Electronic address:
Adipokines are biologically active cytokines that are mainly produced in adipose tissue. There is evidence, in man and mice, that some adipokines may be secreted in other tissues including the vascular endothelium, epithelia and sebaceous glands. Moreover, modified serum levels of adipokines have been detected in people with acne vulgaris or psoriasis; it is suspected that adipokines could contribute to local and systemic inflammatory conditions. Read More
J Liposome Res 2018 Dec 2:1-23. Epub 2018 Dec 2.
c Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder affecting millions of individuals. Acne therapeutic solutions include topical treatment with retinoic acid (RA) which showed a god efficacy in treatment of mild and moderate cases. However, the high prevalence of adverse events, such as skin dryness, shedding and skin irritation affects the patient convenience and obstruct the acne treatment. Read More
Skin Therapy Lett 2018 11;23(6):6-10
Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
Afamelanotide, an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue, has become an emerging therapeutic option for a variety of skin conditions previously refractory to other treatments. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in several dermatologic conditions, including erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), solar urticaria, polymorphic light eruption (PMLE), vitiligo, acne, and Hailey-Hailey disease. Its relatively low risk side effect profile makes it an attractive treatment option and also paves the way for innovative use in other disorders. Read More
Skin Therapy Lett 2018 11;23(6):1-5
Department of Dermatology, The George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
Cannabinoids have demonstrated utility in the management of cancer, obesity, and neurologic disease. More recently, their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified for the treatment of several dermatologic conditions. This review thus assesses the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids, endoocannabinoids, and chemically synthetic cannabinoids in the management of cutaneous disease. Read More
PLoS One 2018 5;13(12):e0206858. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Objective: To characterize the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pulmonary abnormalities in patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome.
Methods: Pulmonary HRCT images were reconstructed from whole-spine computed tomography (CT) images of 67 patients with SAPHO syndrome. HRCT images of 58 healthy controls were also obtained and reviewed. Read More
Dermatol Ther 2018 Dec 5:e12795. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Private practice.
Background: Acne is the most common skin disease, and isotretinoin is the most powerful drug amongst the various drugs used for its treatment. A causal relationship has not yet been established between isotretinoin use and depression.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to research the effect of isotretinoin treatment on depression in a group of patients undergoing isotretinoin therapy. Read More
Facial Plast Surg 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
Department of Plastic Surgery, The Jacobs Center for Cosmetic Surgery, Healdsburg, California.
Mandelic acid is an α-hydroxy acid with reported benefit in treating acne and hyperpigmentation. The authors have developed a topical mandelic acid formulation that subjectively improves the quality of aged skin. Although the gold standard for assessing outcomes, photographic documentation is limited by subjective interpretation. Read More
BMC Dermatol 2018 Dec 4;18(1):11. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos.
Background: Skin diseases are common and often have an impact on an individual's health-related quality of life. In rural communities where access to healthcare may be limited and individuals rely on farming for food and income, the impact of skin diseases may be greater. The objectives for this study were to perform an assessment of skin disease prevalence in a rural village in Laos and assess the associated impact of any skin disease found using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Read More
J Drugs Dermatol 2018 Nov;17(11):1192-1198
Introduction: Acne vulgaris is more common in females than males and is challenging to treat. A post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trials evaluated the effect of dapsone gel, 7.5% based on sex and baseline acne lesion count. Read More
J Drugs Dermatol 2018 Nov;17(11):1192-1198
Introduction: Acne vulgaris is more common in females than males and is challenging to treat. A post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trials evaluated the effect of dapsone gel, 7.5% based on sex and baseline acne lesion count. Read More
J Drugs Dermatol 2018 Nov;17(11):1192-1198
Introduction: Acne vulgaris is more common in females than males and is challenging to treat. A post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trials evaluated the effect of dapsone gel, 7.5% based on sex and baseline acne lesion count. Read More
J Drugs Dermatol 2018 11;17(11):1173 - 1176
Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. There is currently no treatment designated to treat acne lesions and scars concurrently. However, mid-infrared lasers may promote neocollagenesis within atrophic scars, while exerting a beneficial effect on acne lesions. Read More
Br J Dermatol 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
Allergan plc, Irvine, CA.
Background: Once-daily topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% significantly reduced persistent facial erythema of rosacea in trials requiring live, static patient assessments.
Objective: To critically evaluate the methodology of clinical trials that require live, static patient assessments by determining whether assessment of erythema is different when reference to the baseline photograph is allowed. Read More
Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Division of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, 200 Medical Plaza Suite 465, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Singapore Med J 2018 Nov;59(11):567-571
Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with a spectrum of conditions resulting from androgen excess, anovulation and metabolic syndrome. Patients with PCOS may see their primary care physicians for various presentations, including hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularities, infertility, obesity, and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Management of these patients should include screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Read More
Explore (NY) 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.
Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Background: To summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of dermatologic events resulting from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors according to our experience of ten patients.
Methods: Four males and six females, 35-73 years old, mainly with acneiform rash associated with EGFR inhibitors on the face, scalp, perineum, four limbs, and upper trunk, were treated at our traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic in 2016 and 2017. CHM was prescribed thrice daily for 3. Read More
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP). India.
Backgrounds: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease that affects approximately 650 million people or about 9.4% of the population globally. Growing research in the area of nanotechnology over the years has now been exploited in management of various human disorders by their application in drug delivery. Read More
Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018 Nov 28;32(1):52-57. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
DermaTronnier, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
Background: One of the most challenging and important factors of manned space missions is to keep astronauts healthy on orbit. In a study on 46 ISS crew members who were on 6-month (average) missions, skin rashes were the most self-reported event. Furthermore, among notable events, 40% were classified as skin rashes/hypersensitivities. Read More
Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
An Bras Dermatol 2018 Nov/Dec;93(6):916-928
Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
Background: Dermatological diseases are among the primary causes of the demand for basic health care. Studies on the frequency of dermatoses are important for the proper management of health planning.
Objectives: To evaluate the nosological and behavioral profiles of dermatological consultations in Brazil. Read More
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Nov 24;11:CD009435. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
Emergency Medicine and Evidence Based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 865, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 04024-002.
Background: Acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit associated with socialisation and mental health problems, may affect more than 80% of teenagers. Isotretinoin is the only drug that targets all primary causal factors of acne; however, it may cause adverse effects.
Objectives: To assess efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin for acne vulgaris. Read More
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jul 3. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Background: Effective anti-inflammatory treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are limited.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and short-term safety of apremilast in patients with moderate HS.
Methods: A total of 20 patients with moderate HS were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive blinded treatment with apremilast, 30 mg twice daily, or placebo for 16 weeks. Read More
J Drugs Dermatol 2018 Nov;17(11):1169 - 1172
INTRODUCTION: It has been well established that patients with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI) have an increased incidence of thermal induced side effects from laser and radio frequency (RF) treatments. Complications include a higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and scarring, leading to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Fractional technologies improve the safety when treating patients with skin of color by treating only fractions of the skin while leaving a healing reservoir of untreated skin that improves the healing process. Read More
Dermatol Pract Concept 2018 Oct 31;8(4):272-276. Epub 2018 Oct 31.
Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Background: Topical oxygen therapy is a cosmetic procedure that is becoming more and more popular in dermatology; however, only a few articles on this topic are present in the literature. In this work we report our group experience with oxygen therapy as an adjuvant treatment in various dermatological conditions.
Methods: Four studies were conducted. Read More
Scars Burn Heal 2018 Jan-Dec;4:2059513118808773. Epub 2018 Nov 18.
Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
Introduction: Autologous platelet-based concentrates represent increasingly popular adjuncts to a variety of medical, surgical and aesthetic interventions. Their beneficial potential rests on the ability to deliver a high concentration of growth factors to the target tissues. There are currently no reports in the literature appraising the evidence behind the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in scar management. Read More
Obstet Gynecol Sci 2018 Nov 12;61(6):649-654. Epub 2018 Oct 12.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Objective: Isotretinoin is a notorious teratogen otherwise used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Some countries, including those in North America and the European Union, implemented the pregnancy prevention program (PPP); however, no PPP has yet been established in South Korea. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of pregnant women exposed to isotretinoin among the callers of the Korean Mother Safe Counseling Center. Read More
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Nov 12. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
Gulhane Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
Introduction: Isotretinoin (13 cis-retinoic acid) is the most effective treatment for acne vulgaris and is the only treatment option that can provide either remission or a permanent cure.
Objective: The aim of this study was to use both subjective and objective methods to assess the nasal complaints of patients with severe acne who received oral isotretinoin therapy.
Methods: Fifty-four subjects were enrolled in the study. Read More
J Pharm Sci 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 645 S Newstead Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
The potential for inadvertent inhalation of over-the-counter (OTC) aerosol/powder drug products for topical application requires understanding of the characteristic size distributions of the airborne particles or droplets generated when these products are used as per the directions on the product label. Particle/droplet size is an important factor in determining the depth of particle penetration into the respiratory system following inhalation. Because particles penetrating beyond the larynx into the lung may lead to adverse respiratory effects, OTC aerosol/powder drug product particle size distribution is important to characterize. Read More
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Jun;153(3 Suppl 2):18-19
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Hidradenitis suppurativa or acne inversa is an inflammatory, chronic disease of the hair follicles located in specific areas of the skin surface (axillae, submammary, inguinal and intergluteal folds, pubis, genitalia and buttocks). The diagnosis and the management of this disease are usually made by the dermatologist. However, the frequent association of hidradenitis suppurativa or acne inversa with important systemic comorbidities needs the cooperation with a number of specialists. Read More
Hautarzt 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland.
Background: The PAPA syndrome, an acronym for pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangraenosum and acne, is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease which is caused by a mutation in the PSTPIP1 ("proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1") gene located on chromosome 15 and encodes the proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1. An association with Crohn's disease (CD), autoimmune diseases of the liver and PAPA syndrome has not yet been reported in the literature.
Objective: To thoroughly investigate a family with three affected members (mother and 2 children) with newly diagnosed PAPA syndrome and intestinal and hepatobiliary symptoms. Read More
Dermatol Clin 2019 Jan 1;37(1):1-9. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
The Acne Treatment and Research Center of the DermGroup, 310 Madison Avenue, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical Center, Piscataway, NJ 08820, USA. Electronic address:
Laboratory monitoring for patients on isotretinoin should include creatinine kinase in athletic males and the more liver-specific gamma glutamyltransferase. There is mounting evidence that acne pathophysiology includes a barrier defect and subsequent microbiome disruption. Avoidance of acne scars with early and aggressive treatment is a more efficient and cost-effective option than subsequent treatment. Read More
Z Gastroenterol 2018 Dec 22;56(12):1507-1512. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz.
Background: Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare disease with a prevalence of approximately 150 cases in Germany. An intestinal manifestation that mimics chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has only been described in a few cases. As a result of a deficient superoxide-synthesis, frequent and recurrent infections caused by rare pathogens have been described. Read More
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018 26;11:541-544. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
Department of Dermatology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey,
First described by Bordas in 1987, papular elastorrhexis (PE) is a rare elastic fiber disorder of the skin characterized by multiple, discrete, asymptomatic, firm, nonfollicular, monomorphous, 1-5 mm, circumscribed, hypopigmented, oval to round papules, symmetrically distributed on the chest, abdomen, back, shoulders, arms, and thighs. The onset of the condition is usually in the first or second decade of life. PE appears to be an exceedingly rare entity, with 33 cases reported in the literature until now. Read More
J Intern Med 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: The lifetime prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse is estimated to be around 6% for men, but there is limited knowledge about the side effects of these drugs.
Objective: To investigate mortality and morbidity amongst users of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS).
Methods: In this retrospective matched cohort study, 545 male subjects tested positive for AAS in Danish fitness centres during the period 3 January 2006 to 1 March 2018. Read More
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.
Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.