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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Mar 14. Epub 2020 Mar 14.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Menetrier's disease is a rare acquired disorder associated with giant gastric folds along with protein-losing enteropathy, hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria, and histologic features of massive foveolar hyperplasia. Little is known about the etiology, clinical features, or epidemiology of this disorder, including risk of gastric cancer. We investigated the outcomes and characteristics of patients with Menetrier's disease, including development of gastric cancer and survival times. Read More

Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Jan 28;10(1):113-132. Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool University Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: In patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia is associated with the development of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). Twelve months of treatment with netazepide (YF476), an antagonist of the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR or CCK2R), eradicated some type 1 gNETs in patients. We investigated the mechanisms by which netazepide induced gNET regression using gene expression profiling. Read More

Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2020 ;117(1):84-91

Department of Pathology, Fukuyama City Hospital.

A 68-year-old woman with an 11-day history of sudden abdominal pain and severe watery diarrhea was transferred to our hospital due to an exacerbation of renal function despite hydration. After treatment for dehydration and acidemia was provided in our intensive care unit, patient's renal function improved. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography was finally performed, revealing a hypervascular pancreatic mass with multiple hepatic masses. Read More

Biosci Rep 2020 Feb;40(2)

Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan Dong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510405, China.

Parietal cells of the gastric mucosa contain a complex and extensive secretory membrane system that harbors gastric H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), the enzyme primarily responsible for gastric lumen acidification. Here, we describe the characterization of mice deficient in the H+, K+-ATPase α subunit (Atp4a-/-) to determine the role of this protein in the biosynthesis of this membrane system and the biology of the gastric mucosa. Atp4a-/- mice were produced by gene targeting. Read More

Wiad Lek 2019 ;72(11 cz 1):2104-2107

Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine.

Objective: Introduction: Gastric hypohlorhydria is the result of inflammatory process in the intestine caused by dysbiosis. Multiprobiotics significantly improve the colon's motility. Not only probiotics, but also synbiotics are used to eliminate dysbiosis. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Nov 29;20(23). Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7006 Trondheim, Norway.

Gastric juice is a unique combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl), lipase, and pepsin. Acidic gastric juice is found in all vertebrates, and its main function is to inactivate microorganisms. The phylogenetic preservation of this energy-consuming and, at times, hazardous function (acid-related diseases) reflects its biological importance. Read More

Intern Med 2020 Mar 29;59(6):799-803. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.

Gastrin regulates gastric acid secretion, and gastrin secretion itself is regulated by the negative feedback system of gastric acidity. Autoimmune gastritis (AG) is a disease where parietal cells are destroyed, resulting in decreased acid production and an elevated serum gastrin level. We herein report 2 AG cases with marked hypergastrinemia (>5,000 pg/mL). Read More

Am J Case Rep 2019 Nov 22;20:1723-1727. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Department of Pathology, Orlando Regional Healthcare, Orlando, FL, USA.

BACKGROUND VIPomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors typically located in the pancreas. The majority of cases autonomously secret vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which can result in profuse, refractory, watery diarrhea. The fluid and electrolyte imbalance can progress to dehydration and profound hypokalemia, resulting in the watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019 May-Jun;23(3):318-325

Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Faculty of Medicine, National Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: VIPoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that secrets vasoactive intestinal peptide and produces a well-defined clinical syndrome characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, hypochlorhydria and metabolic acidosis. The aim of this study to investigate clinical studies about diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of vipoma patients. In this retrospective study, all patients of vipoma were investigated. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 16;20(20). Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA.

The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) over the last 30 years has rapidly increased both in the United States and worldwide. PPIs are not only very widely used both for approved indications (peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens, stress ulcer prevention), but are also one of the most frequently off-label used drugs (25-70% of total). An increasing number of patients with moderate to advanced gastroesophageal reflux disease are remaining on PPI indefinitely. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2019 Jul;65(7):277-282

The Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital.

A 45-year-old woman visited a local clinic with left-flank abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor 20 cm in diameter in the left adrenal gland. She was referred to our hospital for further treatment. Read More

Gastric Cancer 2020 01 27;23(1):52-63. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) arise from hypergastrinemia in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis. According to the classical model, the gastric H+/K+ ATPase was the causative autoantigen recognized by CD4+ T cells in chronic autoimmune scenario that secretes IL-17 and correlates with parietal cell (PC) atrophy, which drives to gastric achlorhydria and increases the risk for gastric neoplasms. However, the mechanism by which the inflammatory response correlates with PC atrophy is not clearly defined. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2019 Jun;25(22):2706-2719

Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are common medications within the practice of gastroenterology. These drugs, which act through the irreversible inhibition of the hydrogen/potassium pump (H+/K+-ATPase pump) in the gastric parietal cells, are used in the treatment of several acid-related disorders. PPIs are generally well tolerated but, through the long-term reduction of gastric acid secretion, can increase the risk of an imbalance in gut microbiota composition (. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 9;2019:9506405. Epub 2019 May 9.

Division of Gastroenterology, Providence-Providence Park Hospital and Medical Center, Michigan State University/College of Human Medicine, Southfield, Michigan, USA.

Somatostatinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor with an incidence rate of 1 in 40 million people. It presents mostly as asymptomatic tumor diagnosed incidentally on imaging or surgery when evaluating or treating possible causes of abdominal pain. It also can present with vague symptoms, or as a clinical triad of glucose intolerance, steatorrhea, and achlorhydria. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 22;31:128. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with hypochlorhydria but the mechanism is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine effects of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on gastric physiology as measured by validated markers.

Methods: We studied HIV infected individuals who were either ART-naïve or on treatment with undetectable viral loads. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019 Mar 12;21(4):13. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The diagnosis of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is being made with increased frequency likely as a result of more upper endoscopies being done for unrelated reasons. It is therefore vital that gastroenterologists become familiar with the basic work-up and management of patients found to have these tumors. This review describes the classification, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment options of the different gastric NETs. Read More

Front Neurosci 2019 25;13. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is a relatively rare myelopathy mainly caused by vitamin B (VitB12) deficiency. There are many causes contributing to VitB12 deficiency. Autoimmune gastritis might lead to severe VitB12 malabsorption and in its advanced stage pernicious anemia (PA) may occur. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2019 Mar 11;18(3):215-222. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, ASST San Gerardo Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy.

Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, which affects the corpus-fundus gastric mucosa. Although it has been described for several years, the real pathophysiological mechanisms, the natural history and the possible neoplastic complications are not completely known. Atrophy of the gastric mucosa is the endpoint of the chronic processes, with the loss of glandular cells and their replacement by intestinal-type epithelium, pyloric-type glands, and fibrous tissue. Read More

Acta Biomed 2018 12 17;89(8-S):88-92. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Endoscopy Unit, Departement of Surgery, ULSS7-Pedemontana, Santorso Hospital, Santorso (VI), Italy.

Although the actual prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis is unknown and it is probable that this entity goes largely underdiagnosed, patients in whom diagnosis is established usually present advanced stages of disease. Destruction of parietal cells, either autoimmune-driven or as a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection, determines reduction or abolition of acid secretion. Hypo/achloridia causes an increase in serum gastrin levels, with an increased risk of the development of neuroendocrine tumors. Read More

Acta Biomed 2018 12 17;89(8-S):53-57. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Methods for the measure of gastric acid secretion include invasive and non-invasive tests. The gold-standard to measure the acid output is the collection of gastric after in basal condition (Basal Acid Output, B.A. Read More

Semin Hematol 2018 10 7;55(4):256-261. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Loha for life, Center of Excellence for Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:

Iron deficiency (ID) workup is a common challenge for gastrointestinal endoscopy. In premenopausal women current guidelines recommend serologic evaluation of coeliac disease only. Here we systematically tested serologic screening for autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in a large cohort of patients with ID. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2018 Nov;6(14):862-868

Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumors (VIPoma) usually originate in the pancreas and are characterized by diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome). In adults, nonpancreatic VIPoma is very rare. Herein, we report an unusual case of VIP-producing pheochromocytoma marked by persistent shock, flushing, and watery diarrhea and high sensitivity to octreotide. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2018 Nov 8;18(1):172. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Background: Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis (CAAG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hypo/achlorhydria. A role of CAAG in the pathogenesis of nutritional deficiencies has been reported, therefore we hypothesized a possible association between CAAG and 25-OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in CAAG patients. Read More

Pancreatology 2019 Jan 26;19(1):44-49. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that often present as watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria. In this study, we present our institutional experience of diagnosis and treatment of VIPomas, along with a review of the Chinese literature since 1980. Patient #1, diagnosed in 1984 and with intact clinical records, shows the natural history of this disease. Read More

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018 12;47(4):889-900

Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, 111N, 1700 Owens Street, 3rd Floor Room 369, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address:

Conventional therapy of hypoparathyroidism consists of oral calcium and either activated vitamin D or vitamin D supplements at varying doses. Although adjusting dosing of calcium and/or activated vitamin D or vitamin D itself, the serum calcium should be obtained weekly or monthly depending on the clinical situation. Calcium supplementation in hypoparathyroidism usually consists of calcium carbonate because it is 40% elemental calcium by weight. Read More

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2018 ;37(3):241-259

Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal, and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Chronic atrophic gastritis is a generally asymptomatic condition of great importance because it develops into gastric cancer in a number of patients. It is described as an atrophy of the gastric mucosa. There are two types of atrophic gastritis: a gastric body predominant type in patients with infection of Helicobacter pylori, and an autoimmune type, limited to the gastric body and fundus. Read More

Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018 10 4;135:85-96. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Simcyp Ltd (a Certara company), Blades Enterprise Centre, John Street, Sheffield, UK; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Older patients are generally not included in Phase 1 clinical trials despite being the population group who use the largest number of prescription medicines. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling provides an understanding of the absorption and disposition of drugs in older patients. In this review, PBPK models used for the prediction of absorption and exposure of drugs after parenteral, oral and transdermal administration are discussed. Read More

J AAPOS 2018 Dec 16;22(6):469-471. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal. Electronic address:

Mucolipidosis type IV is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder with psychomotor developmental delay, visual impairment, and achlorhydria. A mutation in the MCOLN1 gene causes an alteration of the protein mucolipin-1 that results in the accumulation of lipids and proteins in cytoplasmic vacuoles derived from lysosomes. Visual impairment results mainly from corneal clouding and retinal degeneration. Read More

BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2018 31;5(1):e000218. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Objective: The correct placement of a nasogastric feeding tube is usually confirmed by establishing that an aspirate is acidic using a pH stick. However, antacid medication and achlorhydria can cause false negative pH tests that may delay feeding and increase resource use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a modified pH stick designed to detect gastric lipase and therefore reduce false negative tests. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018 08 19;48(3):370-377. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.

Background: Although autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is generally considered relatively rare, we frequently encounter AIG among patients at to our hospital who have experienced at least two episodes of Helicobacter pylori eradication failure.

Aims: We investigated the incidence of AIG in consecutive patients who consulted our department for H. pylori eradication with reference to eradication history. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2018 06 15;18(1):191. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition. The clinical spectrum includes pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, antibodies to parietal cell antigens and intrinsic factor, achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and carcinoma. It is rare in paediatric cohorts. Read More

AAPS PharmSciTech 2018 Oct 5;19(7):2851-2858. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Zografou, Greece.

Physiologically based absorption modeling has been attracting increased attention to study the interactions of weakly basic drug compounds with acid-reducing agents like proton-pump inhibitors and H2 blockers. Recently, standardized gastric and intestinal biorelevant media to simulate the achlorhydric and hypochlorhydric stomach were proposed and solubility and dissolution data for two model compounds were generated. In the current manuscript, for the first time, we report the utility of these recently proposed biorelevant media as input into physiologically based absorption modeling. Read More

Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018 Apr;39(4):232-242

Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.

Carvedilol (CAR) belongs to biopharmaceutics classification system class-II drugs, with poor aqueous solubility and pH-dependent solubility. The present study aimed to develop a novel amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of CAR with acidic counter ions for pH modifications in microenvironment to improve the pharmacokinetic properties under hypochlorhydric conditions. CAR-ASD was prepared by freeze-drying in combination with counter ions and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and their physicochemical properties including dissolution behavior, storage stability, and photostability were characterized. Read More

Endocr Pract 2017 Nov;23(11):1297-1303

Objective: Pernicious anemia (PA) develops from atrophic gastritis due to autoimmune destruction of parietal cells and results in achlorhydria, vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies, anemia, neurologic deficits, and premalignant and malignant stomach lesions. We report the presentation, diagnosis and gastric complications of PA in patients from an endocrinology practice.

Methods: Thirty-four patients (31 female, 3 male) with PA who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or gastrectomy were identified. Read More

United European Gastroenterol J 2017 Nov 21;5(7):959-966. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Background: Studies have found an association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and infection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mechanism by which PPIs induce an increased risk of infection is supported by the same mechanism acting in another cause of achlorhydria, pernicious anaemia.

Methods: Using a database of anonymised primary care records between 1990 and 2013, we selected exposed patients with a diagnosis of pernicious anaemia treated with vitamin B12 therapy. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2017 Nov 2;13(11):e1006653. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.

Several conditions associated with reduced gastric acid secretion confer an altered risk of developing a gastric malignancy. Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis predisposes to gastric adenocarcinoma, autoimmune atrophic gastritis is a precursor of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours, whereas proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use does not affect stomach cancer risk. We hypothesised that each of these conditions was associated with specific alterations in the gastric microbiota and that this influenced subsequent tumour risk. Read More

PLoS One 2017 8;12(9):e0184272. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.

Background: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) may increase the detection of gastric premalignant lesions, and facilitate targeted biopsies for histology. The study aim was to analyse premalignant lesions in Zambian adults using CLE.

Methods: Using CLE and histology we analysed the antral mucosa for gastric premalignant lesions in asymptomatic adults living with HIV and in HIV seronegative adults. Read More

Mol Pharm 2017 10 8;14(10):3577-3587. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

Pfizer Korea, Pfizer Tower, 110, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04631, Korea.

In this study, two dissolution models were developed to achieve in vitro-in vivo relationship for immediate release formulations of Compound-A, a poorly soluble weak base with pH-dependent solubility and low bioavailability in hypochlorhydric and achlorhydric patients. The dissolution models were designed to approximate the hypo-/achlorhydric and normal fasted stomach conditions after a glass of water was ingested with the drug. The dissolution data from the two models were predictive of the relative in vivo bioavailability of various formulations under the same gastric condition, hypo-/achlorhydric or normal. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2017 Nov 1;109:111-120. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Simcyp Limited (A Certara Company), Sheffield, UK.

Majority of bioequivalence studies are conducted in healthy volunteers. It has been argued that bioequivalence may not necessarily hold true in relevant patient populations due to a variety of reasons which affect one formulation more than the other for instance in achlorhydric patients where elevated gastric pH may lead to differential effects on formulations which are pH-sensitive with respect to release or dissolution. We therefore examined achlorhydria-related disparity in bioequivalence of levothyroxine and nifedipine formulations using virtual bioequivalence within a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling framework. Read More

Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2017;84:1-3. Epub 2017 Jan 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.

The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has evolved over recent years. Initially intended for short-term use, PPIs are increasingly being used, often inappropriately, as long-term maintenance medications. The mechanism of action of PPIs is suppression of gastric basal and stimulated acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell H/K ATP pump with a resultant increase in gastric pH and hypo- or achlorhydria. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017 ;58(2):371-376

Department of Pediatric Surgery, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania;

Chronic diarrhea in infants is a common condition for addressability to pediatric gastroenterologists. The causes are multiple and the delay in reaching the final diagnosis can lead to complications in the general condition of the child. The purpose of this review is to present the bio-clinical and histogenetic particularities of a rare clinical entity, characterized by tumoral causes of chronic diarrhea. Read More

Microb Biotechnol 2017 09 17;10(5):1025-1030. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Nutrition and Health Institute, Gut Ecosystem Department, Host- Microbe Interaction Group, Nestlé Research Centre, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.

Underproduction of hydrochloric acid into the stomach is frequently encountered in subjects from developing countries. We explore the hypothesis that hypochlorhydria compromises the gastric barrier and favours bacterial overgrowth in the proximal parts of the small intestine where nutrient absorption takes place. Food calories are thus deviated into bacterial metabolism. Read More

Cell Calcium 2018 01 24;69:112-121. Epub 2017 Jun 24.

Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli ,NA, Italy. Electronic address:

Efficient functioning of lysosome is necessary to ensure the correct performance of a variety of intracellular processes such as degradation of cargoes coming from the endocytic and autophagic pathways, recycling of organelles, and signaling mechanisms involved in cellular adaptation to nutrient availability. Mutations in lysosomal genes lead to more than 50 lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Among them, mutations in the gene encoding TRPML1 (MCOLN1) cause Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), a recessive LSD characterized by neurodegeneration, psychomotor retardation, ophthalmologic defects and achlorhydria. Read More

Gastric Cancer 2017 Nov 4;20(6):998-1003. Epub 2017 May 4.

Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) classically arise because of hypergastrinemia and involve destruction of parietal cells, which are responsible for gastric acid secretion through the ATP4A proton pump and for intrinsic factor production.

Methods: By whole exome sequencing, we studied a family with three members with gNETs plus hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis to uncover their genetic origin.

Results: A heterozygous missense mutation in the ATP4A gene was identified. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2017 Jun - Jul;52(6-7):674-677. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

h Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine , University of Perugia School of Medicine , Perugia , Italy.

Background: Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a gastric pathologic condition affecting the mucosa of the fundus and the body and eventually leading to hypo-achlorhydria.

Aims: We report our clinical and pathological experience with AIG.

Methods: Data from patients with a diagnosis of AIG seen in the period January 2002-December 2012 were retrieved. Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017 Jun 16;115:94-101. Epub 2017 Feb 16.

Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece. Electronic address:

Purpose: To propose media for simulating the intragastric environment under reduced gastric acid secretion in the fasted state at three levels of simulation of the gastric environment and evaluate their usefulness in evaluating the intragastric dissolution of salts of weak bases. To evaluate the importance of bicarbonate buffer in biorelevant in vitro dissolution testing when using Level II biorelevant media simulating the environment in the fasted upper small intestine, regardless of gastric acid secretions.

Methods: Media for simulating the hypochlorhydric and achlorhydric conditions in stomach were proposed using phosphates, maleates and bicarbonates buffers. Read More