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Orthop Surg 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: To reflect the potential epidemiological characteristics of Achilles tendon (AT) rupture in Shanghai, China, which has been rarely reported before.

Methods: This work is a descriptive epidemiology study. A total of 302 cases of AT rupture admitted to our department between 01/2013 and 02/2020 are analyzed according to telephone follow-up and medical records. Read More

Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2022 Jul;39(3):477-487

Phoenix Foot and Ankle Institute, 7301 East 2nd Street, Suite 206, Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA. Electronic address:

Insertional Achilles tendinopathy can be a very challenging clinical syndrome with various nonoperative measures typically attempted before surgical intervention. Associated complications are known with surgical repair and can be limb altering. Owing to the longevity of clinical symptoms before clinical presentation, changing the pathophysiologic process and halting the inflammatory changes becomes paramount. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022 Jun 10;23(1):563. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.

Background: Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly in vegetables and fruits, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the protective effects of quercetin against oxidative stress in the Achilles tendons of diabetic rats.

Methods: Cells were collected from the Achilles tendons of Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured under four conditions: regular glucose (RG) without quercetin (Quer-), RG with quercetin (Quer +), high-glucose (HG) Quer-, and HG Quer + . Read More

Foot Ankle Clin 2022 Jun 5;27(2):431-455. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, John PappaJohn Pavillion (JPP), Room 01066, Lower Level, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Treatments of Achilles tendinopathy continue to evolve. The body of literature is inadequate to provide a comprehensive guide to evaluation and treat failed surgeries. Issues related to failed surgical treatment may be divided into infection/wound issue, mechanical failure, and persistent pain. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2022 Jul 20;60(4):583-592. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada. Electronic address:

Aging changes tendon biology, healing capacity, and biomechanical properties and results in increased susceptibility to injuries. With the aging population, the socio-economic burden from tendinopathies is increasing. This article discusses the structure of tendons and the physiologic changes that occur with aging. Read More

Phys Sportsmed 2022 Jun 10:1-11. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Life Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Objective: Identifying risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is one of the first necessary steps for its prevention. This systematic review aimed to update the systematic review published in 2014 in ATR etiology.

Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect databases. Read More

J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022 Jun 2:19322968221100842. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with musculoskeletal complications-including tendon dysfunction and injury. Patients with DM show altered foot and ankle mechanics that have been attributed to tendon dysfunction as well as impaired recovery post-tendon injury. Despite the problem of DM-related tendon complications, treatment guidelines specific to this population of individuals are lacking. Read More

J Sports Sci 2022 May 31:1-7. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

It is unknown whether ultrasound findings and symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy in runners correlate with foot strike patterns. We aimed to examine the relationships among Achilles tendon ultrasound findings in runners with or without Achilles tendinopathy, their foot strike patterns, and their training regimens. We recruited marathon runners 18 years of age or older with no history of Achilles tendon pain or surgery participating in the 2018 DONNA Marathon. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 05 10;19(10). Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.

The purposes of this study were to ascertain the morphological characteristics of a plantaris tendon (PT) insertion using a larger-scale dissection of Korean cadavers and to classify the types of PT insertion related to the calcaneal tendon (CT). A total of 108 feet from adult formalin-fixed cadavers (34 males, 20 females) were dissected. The morphological characteristics and measurements of the PT insertion were evaluated. Read More

Adv Healthc Mater 2022 May 21:e2102863. Epub 2022 May 21.

3B's Research Group, i3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.

Clinically relevant in vitro models of human tissue's health and disease are urgently needed for a better understanding of biological mechanisms essential for the development of novel therapies. Herein, physiological (healthy) and pathological (disease) tendon states are bioengineered by coupling the biological signaling of platelet lysate components with controlled 3D architectures of electrospun microfibers to drive the fate of human tendon cells in different composite living fibers (CLFs). In the CLFs-healthy model, tendon cells adopt a high cytoskeleton alignment and elongation, express tendon-related markers (scleraxis, tenomodulin, and mohawk) and deposit a dense tenogenic matrix. Read More

Adv Clin Exp Med 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Chongqing Jiulongpo District Second People's Hospital, China.

Background: Achillotendinopathy is reported as an overuse disorder and/or degeneration change of the tendon. The diagnosis of tendinopathy is not always easy through imaging modalities. The B-mode grayscale sonography and power Doppler are well-established methods aimed at visualising tendon structure, but have limited sensitivity and lack conventional sonographic characteristics in symptomatic patients. Read More

Phys Sportsmed 2022 May 27:1-6. Epub 2022 May 27.

Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA.

Ice hockey is a fast-paced contact sport with a high rate of injury. While many of the injuries are acute and related to high skating speeds, frequent collisions, and sharp skates, the clinician must also be aware of the chronic injuries that commonly arise from playing this sport. The "Bauer bump" is one such chronic injury, which is the onset of Haglund syndrome in ice hockey players occurring in the context of wearing ice hockey skates. Read More

Foot Ankle Spec 2022 May 18:19386400221090358. Epub 2022 May 18.

Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Introduction: While many patients benefit from nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT), some elect for surgical debridement and reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of patient demographic characteristics, comorbidity profiles, and radiological parameters with failure of conservative management of IAT.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who received either surgical or nonsurgical treatment of IAT at an academic institution from September 2015 to June 2019 (N = 226). Read More

J Cell Mol Med 2022 Jun 18;26(12):3483-3494. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Orthopaedics, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.

Tendinopathy is mainly characterized by local pain, functional limitation and decreased athletic ability, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and the career of athletes. Farrerol (FA), one of the main active compounds extracted from Rhododendron and plants in the Rhododendron family, has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. However, the effect of FA on tendinopathy is unclear. Read More

Arthritis Res Ther 2022 05 16;24(1):111. Epub 2022 May 16.

CIRI/Rheumatology and Fraunhofer TMP, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Objective: To investigate the imaging characteristics and clinically assess heel enthesitis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) by applying in a post hoc analysis the Heel Enthesitis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring system (HEMRIS) in blinded and centrally-read MRI data from the ACHILLES trial (NCT02771210).

Methods: ACHILLES included patients (≥18 years) with active psoriatic arthritis or axial SpA with clinical and MRI-positive heel enthesitis refractory to standard treatment. Patients were randomized to receive subcutaneous secukinumab 150/300 mg or placebo. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 9;14(4):e23984. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Orthopedics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the educational content, quality, and reliability of YouTube videos regarding the Achilles tendon and Achilles tendon injuries.

Methods: The first 50 videos found on YouTube after searching "Achilles tendon" were evaluated and classified by content type and uploader source. Reliability and accuracy were assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, nonspecific educational content was assessed via the Global Quality Score (GQS), and specific educational content was assessed using the Achilles Tendon Specific Score (ATSS). Read More

Phys Ther Sport 2022 May 6;55:241-247. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Australia. Electronic address:

Objectives: To confirm what impairments are present in runners with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) and explore the variance of AT severity in an adequately powered study.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Two private physiotherapy clinics in Australia and Spain. Read More

Sports Med Open 2022 May 13;8(1):68. Epub 2022 May 13.

Division EPM, Department Epidemiology and Data Science, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is used commonly to treat pain and function in Achilles tendinopathy (AT). The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence from (non-) randomized controlled trials, to determine the clinical effectiveness of ESWT for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (mid-AT) and insertional Achilles tendinopathy (ins-AT) separately.

Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Central, up to January 2021. Read More

Front Sports Act Living 2022 25;4:879860. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Aberdeen City Council, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

Objective: To identify current evidence on blood flow restriction training (BFRT) in tendon injuries and healthy tendons, evaluating physiological tendon effects, intervention parameters, and outcomes.

Methods: This scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane library (Controlled trials, Systematic reviews), and five trial registries. Read More

J Orthop Res 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Reconstruction and Function Restoration, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, China.

The erroneous differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts is believed to play an important role in the development of tendinopathy. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TDSC differentiation remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution and mechanism of the tendon microstructural disruption to the differentiation of TDSCs. Read More

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.

Background: The clinical outcomes following surgical management of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) vary depending on the surgical technique used to reattach the Achilles tendon following debridement. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with IAT who underwent surgical management with a double-row suture bridge technique used to reattach the Achilles tendon.

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with IAT, who underwent surgical management utilising a double-row suture bridge technique (Arthex Speedbridge), and a minimum of 3-month follow-up were included. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2022 22;15:219-223. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Institute of Sports Exercise and Health, University College Hospital London, London, UK.

Background: Delayed Achilles tendon ruptures leaving large defects are difficult to treat, and the potential for tendon regeneration is thought to be limited. Furthermore, post-operative wound healing problems, sometimes including infections, can be challenging to treat and negatively affect rehabilitation.

Case Presentation: This 74-year-old lady suffered from insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Read More

Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022 Apr 30. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.

We aimed to (1) compare pain, tendon structure, lower limb function, and Achilles tendon loads while running between limbs in runners with Achilles tendinopathy, and (2) explore the relations of pain, tendon structure, and lower limb function to Achilles tendon loads while running. Twenty runners with Achilles tendinopathy participated in this pilot study. Pain was assessed with questionnaires, quantitative sensory testing, and functional testing. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 04 22;12(1):6653. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.

The present study reports the outcomes of revision surgery using a Cincinnati incision with tendon debridement and calcaneoplasty for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) in a cohort of patients at 24-month follow-up. Patients undergoing revision surgery following failed previous surgery for IAT were prospectively recruited. Patients were assessed pre-operatively and at 3, 6,12 and 24 months. Read More

Nutrients 2022 Apr 18;14(8). Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.

With the development of an aging population, tendinopathy has become a common musculoskeletal disease in the elderly with a high recurrence rate and no curative treatment. The inflammation mediated by NF-κB signaling plays an important role in tendon senescence and degeneration. Friedelin (FR) is a triterpenoid derived from green plants, which has a variety of pharmacological functions, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anti-tumor functions. Read More

Eur Cell Mater 2022 04 21;43:153-161. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905,

The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body but its mechanical behaviour during failure has been little studied and the basis of its high tensile strength has not been elucidated in detail. In the present study, healthy, human, Achilles tendons were loaded to failure in an anatomically authentic fashion while the local deformation and strains were studied in real time, with very high precision, using digital image correlation (DIC). The values determined for the strength of the Achilles tendon were at the high end of those reported in the literature, consistent with the absence of a pre-existing tendinopathy in the samples, as determined by careful gross inspection and histology. Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2022 Apr 8;10(4):23259671221088326. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Nottinghamshire, UK.

Background: Chronic Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are a significant burden in physically active populations. High-volume image-guided injection (HVIGI) proposes to strip away associated neovascularity, disrupt painful nerve ingrowth, and facilitate rehabilitation.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of HVIGI with and without steroid relative to placebo. Read More

Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022 1;17(3):420-433. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.

Background: Athletics (also known as track and field) is one of the most popular sports in the world and is the centrepiece of the Summer Olympic Games. Participation in athletics training and competition involves a risk of illness and injury.

Purpose: To describe injury and illness in British Olympic track and field athletes over three full training and competition seasons. Read More

Acta Biomater 2022 05 22;144:183-194. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

The treatment of chronic Achilles tendonitis (AT) often requires prolonged therapy and invasive therapeutic methods such as surgery or therapeutic endoscopy. To prevent the progression of chronic AT, excessive inflammation must be alleviated at an early stage. Corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally prescribed to control inflammation; however, the high doses and long therapeutic periods required may lead to serious side effects. Read More

Life (Basel) 2022 Mar 9;12(3). Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Ortopédico Eickhoff, Três de Maio 98910-000, Brazil.

Orthobiologics are biological materials that are intended for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and soft tissues. In this review, we discuss the application of orthobiologics in Achilles tendinopathy, more specifically. We explain the concepts and definitions of each orthobiologic and the literature regarding its use in tendon disorders. Read More