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Indian J Gastroenterol 2012 Jul 2;31(4):186-90. Epub 2012 Sep 2.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India.

To evaluate the role of quantitative cholescintigraphy with fatty meal in the management of biliary dyskinesia and to describe the findings according to Sostre score (SS) criteria in patients with gallbladder (GB) in-situ and biliary pain. We performed a retrospective analysis of the hepatobiliary (HIDA) studies (n = 35) performed for evaluation of biliary dyskinesia either due to biliary pain, opioid induced sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), recurrent pancreatitis (RP) or post cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS). Gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was calculated from the post fatty meal HIDA images (excluding PCS patients). Read More

Haematologica 2000 Feb;85(2):221-2

AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994 Jul;163(1):117-21

University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61656.

Objective: This study reports the clinical and radiologic findings in seven patients infected with HIV who had 10 consecutive episodes of symptomatic cholecystopathy induced by infusion of interleukin-2.

Subjects And Methods: Ten episodes of right upper quadrant pain associated with gallbladder wall thickening were seen in seven of 29 HIV-infected patients who received IV interleukin-2. Patients received 6-18 million IU/day of continuous interleukin-2 infusion for 5 days. Read More

Pediatr Med Chir 1989 Jul-Aug;11(4):429-32

Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Cattedra di Ematologia Pediatrica, Italia.

The presence of cholelithiasis was diagnosed by ultrasonography in 10 patients with thalassemia major aged 16 to 33 years. Other 10 patients aged 7 to 19 years showed acalculous cholecystopathy. Serum liver enzymes and ferritin levels, as well as splenectomy do not influence significantly the production of gallstones. Read More

Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1987 Aug;117(33):1217-20

Ospedale della Beata Vergine, Mendrisio.

So-called acalculous gallbladder disease is an ill-defined entity, mainly seen in young women, which could be due to a motility disorder of the biliary tract. Seven young women with relapsing pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen or in the epigastrium, with cholesterol crystals in the bile and with normal sonographic and radiologic findings as well as normal gastroscopy, were investigated by hepato-biliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA. This first group was compared with a second group of 6 young women suffering from irritable colon, and with a third group of 6 asymptomatic control subjects. Read More

Can J Surg 1986 Nov;29(6):429-33

There are many controversies regarding the surgical management of calculous gallbladder disease. Newer data in the surgical literature and competing medical treatments compound this confusion. In this guest lecture the author reviews current data and provides an update in seven controversial areas: the timing of operation in acute cholecystitis, the management of the diabetic patient with gallstones, the treatment of the patient with asymptomatic gallstones, the medical treatment of gallstones, the use and abuse of operative cholangiography, the management of the patient with gallstone pancreatitis and management of the patient with acalculous cholecystopathy. Read More

Arq Gastroenterol 1983 Jul-Sep;20(3):112-6

Since the initial description of Crohn's disease (CD) located in the distal ileum, great number of cases has been observed, and we know that this disease can occur in any part of the digestive tube, from mouth to anus. The duodenal involvement is rare and no more than two hundred cases have been observed. A case of Crohn's disease located in the duodenum, with a severe acalculus cholecystitis, without intestinal involvement is presented. Read More