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J Infect Public Health 2022 May 16;15(6):654-661. Epub 2022 May 16.

ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Background: The relationship between HIV infection and COVID-19 clinical outcomes remains a significant public health research problem. We aimed to determine the association of HIV comorbidity with COVID-19 mortality.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and World Health Organization library databases for relevant studies. Read More

Am J Nurs 2022 Jun;122(6):53-56

Maria Christina Hurt is a clinical assistant professor at the University of Tennessee Knoxville School of Nursing. Contact author: The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: Public health recommendations at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were initially well received by Americans. But when personal, economic, and social impacts were felt, a concerted pushback began. The response to pandemic mitigation measures has become increasingly partisan, exacerbated by an ideological divide fueled by news sources and social media. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.

Abstract: Long before the SARS-CoV-2 (hereafter COVID-19) pandemic, sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention and control was under-resourced in the United States, leading to large and sustained increases in reportable STIs and harmful sequelae of these infections. The abrupt disruption associated with the national shutdown of many public services in early 2020 forced STI clinics and programs to rapidly adopt new models of care, including the greatly increased use of telehealth services. Federal policymakers took actions to relax many requirements in Medicare and other programs that previously impeded the use of telehealth. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):417-438

Département de psychiatrie, Université McGill ; Centre Hospitalier de St-Mary, Département de psychiatrie ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de psychiatrie.

Objectives This systematic review identifies the literature on educational tools specifically targeting 2 of the keys competencies that a psychiatrist must acquire according to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada: the therapeutic relationship and empathy, in the context of psychosis. Method This review was carried out in the Medline databases via Ovid, PsycInfo (EBSCO) and Scopus using combinations of terms associated with therapeutic tools, empathy, residents in psychiatry, psychiatrists and psychosis. Two independent reviewers reviewed 1169 titles and abstracts, and retained 5 articles. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):391-415

University of Melbourne, Directeur exécutif de ORYGEN, Melbourne.

Objectives The emergence of early intervention for first episode psychosis (FEP) in the 1990s represents a major advance in mental health. It was demonstrated that by providing intensive interventions tailored to the specific needs of youth at the onset of FEP, it became possible to sustainably improve their subsequent course. This model of early intervention for psychosis (EIP) is accompanied by a major revision of conceptions of psychotic disorders and a major change in philosophy of care. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):365-389

INSERM, IPNP UMR S1266, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, CNRS, GDR3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris ; Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, GHU Paris-Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris.

Objective To describe the implementation of early intervention for psychosis in 3 French-speaking countries, the challenges encountered and potential facilitators for successful implementation. Methods Narrative synthesis of the scientific and grey literature on early intervention for psychosis programs implementation in the French-speaking world. Results Compared to other countries (Australia, United Kingdom, etc. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):331-364

Département de psychiatrie, Université McGill, Montréal, Division de psychiatrie sociale et transculturelle, Université McGill, Montréal ; Centre de recherche Douglas et Clinique PEPP-Montréal (Programme de prévention et d'intervention précoce pour la psychose), Montréal ; ACCESS Esprits ouverts, Montréal.

Objectives To synthesize the available epidemiological and clinical evidence relevant to the mental health care of migrant, ethnic minority and Indigenous populations in the context of early psychosis. Methods This study provides a narrative review of the literature on psychosis in these populations, including issues related to the provision of early intervention services for psychosis. Results Migrant status has long been reported as a significant risk factor for psychosis in many geographic contexts. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):307-330

Faculté de médecine, Université Laval ; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec) ; Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec.

Objectives Comorbidities that are less well known than substance use disorders may occur in individuals experiencing a first-episode psychosis (FEP). This article reviews the importance of these comorbidities through a synthesis of the literature, informed by the authors' clinical experience. Methods Five main groups of comorbidities are discussed: anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression, borderline personality disorder, gambling disorder and attention deficit disorder. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):277-306

Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal ; Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Département de psychiatrie du CHUM, Montréal.

Objectives About half of young adults with early psychosis also have substance use disorders (SUD). For young adults with first episode psychosis (FEP), the persistence of SUD negatively impacts the symptomatic and functional outcome as well as the management of the problems. This article aims to identify and synthetize the best therapeutic approaches for the treatment of young adults with concurrent disorders (FEP and SUD) and to present avenues for practical and adapted approaches for the assessment and follow-up of people with concurrent FEP and SUD. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):249-276

Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec.

Objectives In recent years, issues related to physical health took on a major role in the care of youth who experienced a first episode psychosis (FEP). Compared to the general population, people with a psychotic disorder have a reduced life expectancy of 15 years, with physical health problems accounting for 60 to 70% of that part. With the increased awareness about these issues, physical activity is considered as a new prevention and intervention strategy in the recovery process for youth with a FEP. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):217-247

Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal ; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal.

Objective Treatment guidelines for the treatment of psychotic disorders suggest evidence-based interventions. These interventions target several domains such as self-management of clinical symptoms, social, familial and love relationships as well as cognitive functioning. However, these general guidelines do not provide specific evidence for people with a first-episode psychosis (FEP). Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):189-216

Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal ; Service de santé mentale jeunesse, Clinique JAP, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal ; AQPPEP.

Objectives Based on clinical experience and literature, this article aims to stimulate reflection among the actors involved concerning the organization of services and the interventions to be favored with young people living both a first episode of psychosis and a situation of residential instability or homelessness. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on the situation of these young people and their needs, the challenges they face in their pathway within the healthcare system and the various interventions to consider with them both to prevent or exit homelessness. Method This literature review presents a narrative synthesis of articles from literature reviews or primary studies published in French or English between 1995 and March 2021, with a focus on the services and intervention practices implemented in Quebec in recent years. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):161-187

Département d'éducation et pédagogie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), CR-IUSMM ; Chaire de recherche en santé mentale et travail, Fondation de l'IUSMM, Montréal.

Introduction Socio-professional reintegration is an objective that is regularly sought-after by people in the early stages of a psychotic disorder. Despite this, employment rates are low for this population and high school dropout rates remind at a high level. Objectives and method This literature synthesis based on recent meta-analyses and studies aims at presenting the determinants of vocational and school integration for people in the early stages of a psychotic disorder. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):139-159

Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Québec ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval ; Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec.

There is now broad consensus on the usefulness of family approaches in early intervention programs. The evolution of knowledge about early psychosis and the development of family interventions have greatly influenced the perception of families in the recovery process. Objectives This article proposes a state of knowledge of family intervention practices by looking at family involvement in early intervention. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):113-137

Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval ; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (Département clinique de pharmacie, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec) ; Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec.

Objectives Individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) are poorly represented in clinical trials leading to drug approval. As a result, there is a relative paucity of empirical data to guide the psychopharmacological treatment of these youths. This article provides a synthesis of this literature, informed by the authors' clinical experience in treating FEP over the past 25 years. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):85-112

Service de psychiatrie générale, Département de psychiatrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne.

Objectives This article aims to contextualize and review interventions for patients with a clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis. Method This review explores the literature on the CHR state and focuses more precisely on the development of its defining criteria, the evolution of CHR patients, the main interventions studied so far, and the clinical services implemented to date. Results The CHR criteria were developed from observations on the prodrome of psychotic disorders to prevent or delay the onset of psychosis. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):45-83

Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal ; Service de santé mentale jeunesse, Clinique JAP, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal; AQPPEP.

Objectives This article aims to synthesize the critical stages in the development of early detection and intervention services (EIS) for psychosis over the past 30 years, and to review key literature on the essential components and effectiveness of these programs. Method We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the international development of EIS leading to its endorsement as a service delivery model for young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). We also reviewed various international and Canadian guidelines to identify consensus about the essential components of EIS for psychosis and their effectiveness. Read More

Sante Ment Que 2021 ;46(2):23-43

Clinique Aufréry, Pin-Balma, France.

Objectives Until the early 1990s, a pessimistic view of psychotic disorders, based on the Kraepelinian perspective, prevailed. Early intervention then introduced a new paradigm, approaching psychosis as a more dynamic phenomenon, for which recovery is possible, provided an appropriate approach is used. As this paradigm has not penetrated all fields of psychiatry, professionals starting in early intervention sometimes experience a real culture shock, the objective of this article being to map its contours in order to facilitate this transition. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):1-3

Ryan O'Hara is an assistant professor in the PA program at High Point (N.C.) University. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: ED clinicians typically discharge patients on 5-day regimens of azithromycin and corticosteroids after an acute COPD exacerbation. This article discusses various studies that evaluated chronic azithromycin therapy to prevent exacerbations in patients with COPD. Although ED clinicians typically do not prescribe chronic medications, they can provide patient-centered care and determine a patient's follow-up to see if chronic azithromycin is needed. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):59-60

At the Mayo Clinic Florida in Jacksonville, Heidi Felix, Kim Wieringa, and Belinda Monnig practice in the advanced care at home program. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: Interest is growing in hospital-at-home as a model of patient care. Given the pandemic, various entities are exploring methods to deliver hospital-level care in nontraditional settings to clinically stable patients with adequate home support. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):52-55

Peter Heistermann is president of the German University Association Physician Assistant (DHPA eV) based in Cologne, Germany, and a professor at Fliedner University of Applied Sciences in Düsseldorf. Tamika Lang is a student in the doctor of medical science program at Still University in Mesa, Ariz., and owner of Patient-Centered Medical and Educational Consultants in Greenville, S.C. Claudia Heilmann is vice president of the DHPA eV and a professor at Plauen University of Cooperative Education in Plauen, Germany. Tanja Meyer-Treschan is a professor at the European University of Applied Sciences in Cologne. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: The first German physician assistant (PA) program began in 2005 at Steinbeis University in Berlin. Since 2005, there has been a rapid expansion of PA education, and 22 German universities have opened or are planning to develop PA programs. In fall 2021, about 1,100 PAs worked in Germany, mostly in the inpatient setting, with a scope of practice focused on delegation and the performance of medical and administrative activities. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):46-51

Shani Fleming is an associate professor in the Physician Assistant Leadership and Learning Academy at the University of Maryland Baltimore Graduate School in Baltimore, Md. Bettie Coplan is an associate professor in the PA program at Northern Arizona University in Phoenix, Ariz. Deanna Bridge Najera works at the Carroll County Health Department in Westminster, Md., and practices in the ED at MedStar Montgomery Medical Center in Olney, Md. Delilah Dominguez practices at Yale New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Conn. Patricia J. Devine is director of community outreach and the HEALWA program at the University of Washington in Seattle, Wash. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not reflect those of their employers.

Abstract: Social determinants of health are rooted in structural racism. The healthcare community has long recognized the existence of significant race- and ethnicity-related health disparities. Yet pervasive disparities persist despite ongoing calls for institutions and healthcare professionals to promote health equity by addressing bias, discrimination, and social determinants of health. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):34-37

At the time this article was written, Nathan A. McGowan was a student in the PA program at Marietta (Ohio) College. He now practices at Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis in Austin, Tex. John Grosel is a radiologist at Lucid Health Riverside Radiology and Interventional Associates, Inc., based in Columbus, Ohio, and the McCoy associate professor in the PA program at Marietta College. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are often-concomitant pathologies that primarily afflict neonates. The complications of these anomalies may lead to increased morbidity and mortality, and clinicians should be familiar with the diagnosis and management of these pathologies. Clinicians can improve patient outcomes by having a thorough understanding of the signs and symptoms, classification systems, diagnostic workup, and surgical intervention options for these patients. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):28-33

Sarah Jones and Areeba Kara are hospitalists at Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis, Ind. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: Atrioesophageal fistula with resulting air emboli is a rare but potentially fatal complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation. Patients typically present within 60 days after RFCA with fever, neurologic deficits, chest pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Chest CT with IV contrast reveals the atrioesophageal fistula in most cases, and CT of the head or MRI of the brain commonly reveals signs of air emboli. Read More

JAAPA 2022 Jun;35(6):13-14

Michael J. Kacal practices in correctional medicine at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in Lubbock, Tex. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Abstract: Minocycline HCl, a tetracycline antibiotic, commonly is prescribed to treat acne, but also has substantial antidepressant effects, possibly because inflammation plays a key role in depression. The drug has an acceptable safety profile, but more research is needed to determine how best to use it in treating patients with depression. Read More

Emotion 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.

Reports an error in "Emotional distractor images disrupt target processing in a graded manner" by Jonathan M. Keefe and David H. Zald (, Advanced Online Publication, Aug 27, 2020, np). Read More

Ann Surg Oncol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Ann Surg Oncol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Harv Rev Psychiatry 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

From Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (Drs. Koire and Joffe), Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology (Dr. Joffe), and Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (Dr. Buckley), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr. Buckley); Melbourne School of Psychological Science and Florey Institutes, University of Melbourne (Dr. Buckley).

Abstract: Menopause has been associated with subjective cognitive dysfunction and elevated rates of depression. While menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms related to menopause, a potential role for MHT in treating and preventing cognitive decline, dysfunction, and dementia has remained unclear and a topic of continued interest and debate across decades of research. Increasing numbers of patients are seeking help for subjective cognitive decline, and those with poorer mental health are substantially more likely to perceive themselves to be at high risk of developing dementia; thus, mental health professionals are likely to encounter such patients and may be asked to provide advice concerning MHT, cognition, and indications for MHT use. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2022 May 25. Epub 2022 May 25.

From the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.

Abstract: The use of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is growing as a modality for analgesia provision within the pediatric emergency department. We present a case in which a paravenous saphenous nerve block was used for anesthesia during incision and drainage of a lower extremity abscess. We further review the technique and literature concerning this straightforward and effective procedure. Read More