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United European Gastroenterol J 2020 Aug;8(7):782-789

Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Background: Guidelines suggest computed tomography colonography (CTC) following incomplete optical colonoscopy (OC). Colon capsule endoscopies (CCE) have been suggested as an alternative, although completion rates have been unsatisfactory. Introduction of artificial intelligence (AI)-based localization algorithms of the camera capsules may enable identification of incomplete CCE investigations overlapping with incomplete OCs. Read More

BMJ Glob Health 2020 Jul;5(7)

Research, Guttmacher Institute, New York, New York, USA.

Abortion has been legal under broad criteria in India since 1971. However, access to legal abortion services remains poor. In the past decade, medication abortion (MA) has become widely available in India and use of this method outside of health facilities accounts for over 70% of all abortions. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jul;99(27):e20888

This study aims to identify prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in early miscarriages. A total of 260 pregnant women with vaginal spotting were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Kyung Hee Medical Center from January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018. Venous samples were obtained from the women for measurements of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and NLR. Read More

J Family Reprod Health 2019 Dec;13(4):223-227

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIIMS Patna, Patna, India.

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a potentially life threatening ectopic pregnancy where a missed diagnosis is commoner than an accurate diagnosis. Incidence of Ectopic pregnancy is 1 - 2 % and cesarean scar ectopic occurs in about (0.05%) 1 in 2000 of all pregnancies. Read More

Health Policy 2020 Jul 23;124(7):679-683. Epub 2020 May 23.

Centre for Ethics in Medicine, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Home use of misoprostol for early medical abortion has long been an established practice in several countries. It is a safe, effective, and dignified means of obtaining a legal abortion, with a low risk of complications. In the UK, however, the practice has only recently been permitted. Read More

BMC Complement Med Ther 2020 May 12;20(1):145. Epub 2020 May 12.

Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Background: Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.) has a long history of traditional use as a herbal medicine for different purposes. In ancient traditional Persian manuscripts, it has been noted that myrrh may act as uterine stimulant and probably cause complete abortion. Read More

Niger J Clin Pract 2020 May;23(5):638-646

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria.

Background: Manual vacuum aspiration is a safe and effective technology for the treatment of incomplete miscarriage but it is not widely available and affordable in rural areas particularly in low-resource countries. Misoprostol is an alternative to manual vacuum aspiration for the treatment of incomplete miscarriage.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness, client acceptability and satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness of misoprostol with manual vacuum aspiration for the treatment of the first-trimester incomplete miscarriage. Read More

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2020 1;2020:2725975. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Faculty of Medicine of Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

The abdominal ectopic pregnancy is very rare and accounts for less than 1% of all ectopic gestations. Due to the lack of clinical suspicion, many obstetricians confuse it with other diseases and manage it inappropriately. Here, we are reporting the case of a 41-year-old woman that was referred to our hospital because of severe vaginal bleeding caused by multiple uterine perforations during the dilatation and curettage. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020 Apr 16:1-6. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

To compare the fetal loss rate associated with second-trimester amniocentesis between the procedures with penetration and nonpenetration of the placenta, as a primary outcome and to compare the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and low birth weight, as secondary outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on women undergoing second-trimester amniocentesis. Our prospective database of amniocentesis, from January 1989 to December 2018, was accessed to retrieve the records meeting the inclusion criteria consisting of singleton pregnancies, gestational age of 16-22 weeks, and known obstetric outcomes. Read More

Contraception 2020 Jul 13;102(1):13-17. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson St, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; University of California, Irvine, 333 City Blvd W, Orange, CA 92868, USA.

Objective: To compare adverse outcomes of medication and aspiration abortion among those with intrauterine pregnancy <43 days gestation versus abortions performed at 43-48 days.

Study Design: We conducted a multicenter retrospective chart review study to review all medication and aspiration abortion of visualized pregnancy <49 days gestation at Planned Parenthood Columbia Willamette (Oregon) and Planned Parenthood of Orange and San Bernardino Counties (California) in 2014-2015. We identified incident cases by billing codes and performed chart review for adverse outcomes (ED visits, incomplete abortion), need for further interventions, or complications (hemorrhage, infection, and uterine perforation), captured up to 90 days post-abortion. Read More

BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2020 Mar 17. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

National Guideline Alliance, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.

Background: Abortion in the second trimester may be performed surgically or medically. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness, safety and acceptability/satisfaction of surgical compared with medical abortion of pregnancy between 13 and 23 weeks' gestation for a new national guideline.

Methods: We searched Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Library on 4 March 2019. Read More

Can J Psychiatry 2020 Mar 9:706743720904860. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Understanding the effects of benzodiazepines (BZDs) on maternal/fetal health remains incomplete despite their frequent use. This article quantifies the effects of antenatal BZD exposure on delivery outcomes.

Methods:

Data Sources: Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched till June 30, 2018. Read More

Cad Saude Publica 2020 21;36Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e00188718. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

According to the World Health Organization, from 2010 to 2014, there were around 55 million abortions worldwide, 45% of which were unsafe. In Brazil, data on abortion and its complications are incomplete. Health care data are only available for the public sector and mortality data depend on investigations of deaths. Read More

BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2020 Feb 20. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Services, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.

Background: Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol usually involves an interval of 36-48 hours between administering these drugs; however, it is possible that the clinical efficacy at early gestations may be maintained when the drugs are taken simultaneously. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the safety and effectiveness of simultaneous compared with interval administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for abortion up to 10 weeks' gestation.

Methods: We searched Embase Classic, Embase; Ovid MEDLINE(R) including Daily, and Epub Ahead-of-Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; and Cochrane Library on 11 December 2019. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020 May 17;149(2):197-202. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

School of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate residents' knowledge about the evolution of abortion rates in countries where abortion has been legalized, and to assess whether such knowledge correlates with residents' sociodemographic characteristics and experience in abortion care.

Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in 21 Brazilian hospitals with 404 medical residents in obstetrics and gynecology. Data collection occurred during February 2015 through January 2016. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020 Feb 19;20(1):120. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is an important health and social issue that affects both individual and social well-being. However, deriving a national estimate is challenging in a country with multiple incomplete national databases especially the abortion statistics. The objective of this study was to estimate the adolescent pregnancy rates in Thailand using capture-recapture method. Read More

BMJ 2020 01 20;368:l6438. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Tommy's Centre for Miscarriage Research, Birmingham, UK.

Pan Afr Med J 2019 16;34:94. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Science, Clinical Research Centre (UZCHS-CRC), Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Introduction: Abortion in Zimbabwe is allowed to preserve the physical health of the woman, or in cases of rape, incest, or fetal impairment. Access even under these conditions is difficult and rare. We aimed to understand knowledge of the abortion law and attitudes towards abortion amongst health care providers' and abortion experts in Zimbabwe as these can hinder access to safe legal abortion. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019 Nov;44(21):4691-4697

College of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology Heifei 230012,China.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the hemostatic effect and mechanism of carbonized Scutellariae Radix on uterine bleeding in the rats caused by early pregnancy termination. Eight unpregnant female rats were selected as normal group. Forty female rats conceived on the same day received mifepristone(11. Read More

Plant Cell Environ 2020 04 24;43(4):903-919. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

During maize production, drought throughout the flowering stage usually induces seed abortion and yield losses. The influence of postpollination drought stress on seed abortion and its underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. By intervening in the competition for assimilates between kernel siblings under different degrees of postpollination drought stresses accompanied by synchronous pollination (SP) and incomplete pollination (ICP) approaches, the mechanisms of postpollination abortion were investigated at physiological and molecular levels. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 12 17;12:CD013505. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, York Road, Leeds, UK, LS14 6UH.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infrequent or absent ovulation, and high levels of androgens and insulin (hyperinsulinaemia). Hyperinsulinaemia occurs secondary to insulin resistance and is associated with an increased biochemical risk profile for cardiovascular disease and an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Insulin-sensitising agents such as metformin may be effective in treating PCOS-related anovulation. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Dec;98(49):e18183

Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.

Rationale: The recently increased rate of heterotopic pregnancies (HPs) has been largely attributed to the increased use of assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs). HP is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. It is unusual in natural conception cycles, occurring in 1:10,000 to 1:50,000 pregnancies. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 2;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. The survival of patients with uncorrected TOF till the fourth decade of life is rare (around 3%). Pregnancy in a patient with uncorrected TOF requires a multidisciplinary approach. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 May 30;222(5):499.e1-499.e6. Epub 2019 Nov 30.

New York University Winthrop Hospital, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY.

Background: While elevated second-trimester maternal serum alpha fetoprotein has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, the utility of first-trimester maternal serum alpha fetoprotein in predicting these outcomes is limited. Some laboratories have been including maternal serum alpha fetoprotein as part of the first-trimester analyte screening for aneuploidy and preeclampsia, offering its potential utility in predicting pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: Our primary objective was to determine the association between elevated first-trimester maternal serum alpha fetoprotein and preeclampsia as well as ischemic placental disease (a composite of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and/or placental abruption). Read More

Anim Reprod Sci 2019 Dec 17;211:106202. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Department of Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Warmblood fragile foal syndrome (WFFS) is a monogenetic defect with autosomal recessive inheritance. The WFFS homozygosity is non-compatible with extra-uterine life. Although as many as 15% of Warmblood horses are WFFS carriers, there has been little veterinary focus on this condition. Read More

Vaccine 2019 12;37(52):7585-7595

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019 Nov 27;19(1):443. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands.

Background: Early pregnancy failure (EPF) is a common complication of pregnancy. If women do not abort spontaneously, they will undergo medical or surgical treatment in order to remove the products of conception from the uterus. Curettage, although highly effective, is associated with a risk of complications; medical treatment with misoprostol is a safe and less expensive alternative. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 26;20(21). Epub 2019 Oct 26.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) represents an unresolved problem for contemporary gynecology and obstetrics. In fact, it is not only a relevant complication of pregnancy, but is also a significant reproductive disorder affecting around 5% of couples desiring a child. The current knowledge on RPL is largely incomplete, since nearly 50% of RPL cases are still classified as unexplained. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019 Dec 28;32(6):563-566. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.

Crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) attempt to dissuade pregnant people from considering abortion, often using misinformation and unethical practices. While mimicking health care clinics, CPCs provide biased, limited, and inaccurate health information, including incomplete pregnancy options counseling and unscientific sexual and reproductive health information. The centers do not provide or refer for abortion or contraception but often advertise in ways that give the appearance that they do provide these services without disclosing the biased nature and marked limitations of their services. Read More

J Adolesc Health 2019 12 28;65(6):821-824. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

Crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) attempt to dissuade pregnant people from considering abortion, often using misinformation and unethical practices. While mimicking health care clinics, CPCs provide biased, limited, and inaccurate health information, including incomplete pregnancy options counseling and unscientific sexual and reproductive health information. The centers do not provide or refer for abortion or contraception but often advertise in ways that give the appearance that they do provide these services without disclosing the biased nature and marked limitations of their services. Read More

Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019 Oct 30;17(1):87. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung city, Taiwan.

Background: Morulas with delayed growth sometimes coexist with blastocysts. There is still limited evidence regarding the optimal disposal of surplus morulas. With the advancement of vitrification, the freezing-thawing technique has been widely applied to zygotes with 2 pronuclei, as well as embryos at the cleavage and blastocyst stages. Read More

BMC Emerg Med 2019 10 25;19(1):59. Epub 2019 Oct 25.

Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Heterotopic pregnancies are increasing in prevalence and this case highlights the importance of excluding the diagnosis in patients with pelvic pain following miscarriage. A known pre-existing intrauterine pregnancy can be falsely reassuring and delay the diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening concurrent ectopic pregnancy.

Case Presentation: In this report, we describe a case of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy in a woman who had initially presented with pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding, and was diagnosed on pelvic ultrasound with a missed miscarriage; a non-viable intrauterine pregnancy. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2019 Oct;28(4):900-905

Dr Mina Chowdhury, Junior Consultant, Gynae, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:

This cross sectional study was carried out on incomplete abortion cases in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ObG) Department, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was carried out from 1st January 2012 to 30th June 2012 to assess the effectiveness of MVA in terms of completeness, duration, cost and complication of the procedure and duration of hospital stay. Incomplete abortion cases attending the ObG indoor were considered as study population. Read More

Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd) 2019 Aug 3;17(8):591-594. Epub 2019 Sep 3.

Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran.

Background: Intrauterine retention of fetal bone fragments is a rare condition that could happen after abortion (especially illegal abortion). It can cause secondary infertility as bone fragments can work as an intrauterine contraceptive device.

Case: A 25-year-old Iranian woman was referred to Shariati Hospital due to infertility. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Oct;98(40):e17396

Oral mifepristone combined with rivanol lactate (rivanol) is commonly used in second-trimester pregnancy termination. However, rivanol is not suitable to premature rupture of membranes and oligohydramnios because amniocentesis is difficult. Mifepristone combined with misoprostol is suitable for the patients with oligohydramnios. Read More

BJOG 2020 01 31;127(2):264-274. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Objective: To characterise vaginal bacterial composition in early pregnancy and investigate its relationship with first and second trimester miscarriages.

Design: Nested case-control study.

Setting: Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London. Read More

Contraception 2019 12 3;100(6):451-456. Epub 2019 Sep 3.

Gynuity Health Projects, USA.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety, acceptability and feasibility of a one-day outpatient medication abortion service at gestations 13-18 weeks.

Study Design: Open-label prospective study in which participants received mifepristone 200 mg orally to swallow at home or at the clinic followed 24 h later by misoprostol 400 mcg buccally. They presented to the outpatient clinic 24-48 h after mifepristone for misoprostol 400 mcg buccally every three hours (no maximum dose). Read More

Glob Health Sci Pract 2019 08 27;7(Suppl 2):S327-S341. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

EngenderHealth, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Introduction: Based on research conducted in 2017, we estimated the cost to the Tanzanian health care system of providing postabortion care (PAC). PAC is an integrated service package that addresses the curative and preventive needs of women experiencing complications from abortion. PAC services include treating complications of miscarriage and incomplete abortion, providing voluntary family planning counseling and services, and engaging the community to reduce future unintended pregnancies and repeat abortions. Read More

Glob Health Sci Pract 2019 08 27;7(Suppl 2):S299-S314. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

EngenderHealth, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: In 2015, the government of Tanzania began to strengthen the quality of postabortion care (PAC). Limited research has been conducted to understand clients' perceptions of public sector provision of PAC. Accordingly, we carried out a mixed-method study between April and July 2016, using client surveys and in-depth interviews, both implemented immediately following PAC. Read More

Glob Health Sci Pract 2019 08 27;7(Suppl 2):S285-S298. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

Reproductive Health Access, Information and Services in Emergencies (RAISE) Initiative, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Postabortion care (PAC) is a lifesaving intervention that, when accessible and of good quality, can prevent the majority of abortion-related deaths. However, these services are only sporadically available and often of poor quality in humanitarian settings. CARE International, the International Rescue Committee, and Save the Children strengthened the Congolese Ministry of Health to provide PAC, including voluntary contraceptive services, in North and South Kivu, DRC. Read More

Glob Health Sci Pract 2019 08 27;7(Suppl 2):S247-S257. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.

Introduction: Unsafe abortion remains a problem in Rwanda, where abortion is highly restricted by law. To reduce mortality and morbidity from unsafe abortion, Rwanda implemented a national postabortion care (PAC) program in 2012, which included using misoprostol to treat incomplete abortion. Key components of PAC are offering and providing voluntary contraceptive methods and counseling on their use, but little is known about contraceptive uptake among PAC clients treated with misoprostol. Read More

Contraception 2019 12 22;100(6):498-501. Epub 2019 Aug 22.

Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia.

Misoprostol is widely used for the medical management of incomplete abortion. Few serious adverse events have been reported, so it is considered a safe drug. We present a case of a 40-year-old woman in which misoprostol preceded coronary artery spasm. Read More

J Pregnancy 2019 7;2019:4513827. Epub 2019 Jul 7.

Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia.

Background: Although the vast majority of abortions are performed in the first trimester, still 10-15% of terminations of pregnancies have taken place in the second trimester globally. As compared to first trimester, second trimester abortions disproportionately contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality especially in low-income countries where access to safe second trimester abortion is limited. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting and outcome of induced safe second trimester medical abortion in Jimma University medical center, Southwest Ethiopia. Read More

Ginekol Pol 2019 ;90(6):331-335

Department of Anatomy, Morphology and Human Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Objectives: For early miscarriage (pregnancy loss ≤ 12 weeks of gestation), two types of therapeutic treatment are offered (pharmacotherapy and curettage of the uterine cavity) depending on the presence and severity of clinical symptoms as well as patient choice. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the results of histopathological examinations of miscarriage products in relation to the administered treatments.

Material And Methods: 850 medical records from patients diagnosed with missed miscarriage or empty gestational sac were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

S Afr Med J 2019 May 31;109(6):412-414. Epub 2019 May 31.

Wits Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Research Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Despite increased resources to reduce maternal deaths, South Africa (SA) has an unacceptably high maternal mortality rate (MMR).

Objectives: To determine the causes of maternal deaths at Natalspruit Hospital, Johannesburg, SA.

Methods: A 2-year retrospective audit of case records was done All maternal deaths from January 2013 to December 2014 were included. Read More

Ceska Gynekol 2019 ;84(2):121-128

Objective: To analyze cases of uterine rupture during pregnancy and delivery. To report risk factors, maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Design: Restrospective cohort study. Read More

Trials 2019 Jun 21;20(1):376. Epub 2019 Jun 21.

Department of Women and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: A large proportion of abortion-related mortality and morbidity occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy. The Uganda Ministry of Health policy restricts management of second-trimester incomplete abortion to physicians who are few and unequally distributed, with most practicing in urban regions. Unsafe and outdated methods like sharp curettage are frequently used. Read More

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2019 Feb 30;19(1):e38-e43. Epub 2019 May 30.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of oral misoprostol with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) in first trimester incomplete abortions.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial study was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria between April 2014 and November 2015. Pregnant women who presented with clinical features of incomplete abortion at a gestational age of 13 weeks or less were included. Read More