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Prevalence of Dementia in Latin America and Caribbean Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses Exploring Age, Sex, Rurality, and Education as Possible Determinants.

Authors:
Fabiana Ribeiro Ana C Teixeira-Santos Paulo Caramelli Anja K Leist

Ageing Res Rev 2022 Aug 2:101703. Epub 2022 Aug 2.

Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Belval Campus,11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. Electronic address:

Background: Studies have shown that the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) may be higher than in high-income countries. Thus, we sought to systematically analyse the prevalence of dementia and explore possible drivers that lead to this disparity in LAC countries.

Method: We searched Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Lilacs, and SciELO for studies on dementia in LAC countries published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Random-effects model was applied.

Results: Thirty-one studies from 17 LAC countries were included. Pooled prevalence of all-cause dementia was 10.66%. Further analyses with studies providing raw prevalence by sex, area, and educational level showed a higher prevalence for women (8.97%) than for men (7.26%). Also, dementia prevalence was higher for rural than urban residents (7.71% vs 8.68%, respectively). Participants without formal education presented more than double the prevalence of dementia (21.37%) compared to those with at least one year of formal education (9.88%). Studies with more recent data collection showed higher dementia prevalence.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest a high global dementia prevalence in LAC countries and an unequal burden of dementia for women, lower-educated, and rural residents. Secular increases in dementia prevalence call for greater public health efforts for preventative actions.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101703DOI Listing
August 2022

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