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J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022 Aug 4. Epub 2022 Aug 4.

Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.

In liver cirrhosis, hepatic inflammation and abundant portal-systemic collaterals are indicated for the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a type of anti-diabetic agent, which exert pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetes and chronic liver disease often coexist but the influence of SGLT-2 inhibition on liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy remains unknown. Read More

Iran J Med Sci 2022 Jul;47(4):367-378

Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Background: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a well-recognized cardiac dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. Studies have confirmed the protective effects of silymarin in different types of cardiac injury. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and molecular mechanism of silymarin against myocardial dysfunction and hypertrophy in a rat model of cirrhosis. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 13;13:921947. Epub 2022 Jul 13.

Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Centre, Valencia, Spain.

Hyperammonemia plays a main role in the neurological impairment in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Rats with chronic hyperammonemia reproduce the motor incoordination of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, which is due to enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission in cerebellum as a consequence of neuroinflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) could play a key role in the transmission of peripheral alterations to the brain to induce neuroinflammation and neurological impairment in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Read More

JHEP Rep 2022 Aug 23;4(8):100510. Epub 2022 May 23.

Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.

Background & Aims: In cirrhosis, astrocytic swelling is believed to be the principal mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity leading to hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The role of neuronal dysfunction in HE is not clear. We aimed to explore the impact of hyperammonaemia on mitochondrial function in primary co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes and in acute brain slices of cirrhotic rats using live cell imaging. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 2;23(13). Epub 2022 Jul 2.

Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.

Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress with elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is controlled by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). Alirocumab is a monoclonal antibody that decreases LDL via inhibiting PCSK9 function. Read More