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J Atten Disord 2022 Oct;26(12):1563-1575

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.

Objective: Neuroimaging studies in children with ADHD indicate that their brain exhibits an atypical functional connectivity pattern characterized by increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity. We aim to evaluate if the local and distant distribution of functional connectivity is also altered in adult samples with ADHD who have never received medication before.

Methods: We compared local and distant functional connectivity between 31 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 31 healthy controls and tested whether this pattern was associated with symptoms severity scores. Read More

Prev Sci 2022 Aug 10. Epub 2022 Aug 10.

Gryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.

Although neurobiologic and genetic factors figure prominently in the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), adverse physical health experiences and conditions encountered during childhood may also play a role. Poor health is known to impact the developing brain with potential lifelong implications for behavioral issues. In attempt to better understand the relationship between childhood physical health and the onset and presence of ADHD symptoms, we summarized international peer-reviewed articles documenting relationships between a select group of childhood diseases or health events (e. Read More

Epidemiology 2022 Aug 5. Epub 2022 Aug 5.

CAUSALab, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.

Background: Researchers often use random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis to combine findings from multiple study populations. However, the causal interpretation of these models is not always clear, and they do not easily translate to settings where bounds, rather than point estimates, are computed.

Methods: If bounds on an average causal effect of interest in a well-defined population are computed in multiple study populations under specified identifiability assumptions, then under those assumptions the average causal effect would lie within all study-specific bounds and thus the intersection of the study-specific bounds. Read More

J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022 Jul 4. Epub 2022 Jul 4.

Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO.

Case: Zac is a 13-year-old boy who presented with his parents to developmental-behavioral pediatrics seeking diagnostic clarity. He was born by vaginal delivery at full term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. Developmental milestones were met at typical ages until he was noted to have language delay and to be hyperactive and impulsive on entering preschool at age 4 years. Read More

J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022 Jul 6. Epub 2022 Jul 6.

University of Virginia Children's Hospital, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Objective: Early diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is important for timely intervention to prolong function and preserve quality of life. The prevalence of various neurocognitive disorders is known to be higher in patients with DMD than the general population. In this study, we highlight cases of delayed DMD diagnosis that resulted from misattribution of early motor symptoms to co-occurring neurocognitive conditions. Read More