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INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARDIAC DISEASE IN MARINE MAMMALS.

Authors:
Melissa J Joblon Jennifer E Flower Laura A Thompson Kathleen E Biddle Deborah A Burt Tanja S Zabka Michael J Adkesson Barbie Halaska Caroline E C Goertz Natalie Rouse Sion N Cahoon Kristen Jetzke Richard P Giovanelli Allison D Tuttle

J Zoo Wildl Med 2022 Jun;53(2):373-382

Department of Animal Care, Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355, USA.

Cardiac disease has been extensively documented in marine mammals; however, it remains difficult to diagnose antemortem. Assays measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are used as sensitive and specific biomarkers of cardiac disease in many species, but have not been widely investigated in marine mammals. This study aimed to provide a set of reference values for cTnI and NT-proBNP in belugas (BW) (), sea otters (SO) (), Steller sea lions (SSL) (), and California sea lions (CSL) () with and without cardiac disease, and to determine if these biomarkers are useful indicators of cardiac disease in these species. First, existing immunoassays for cTnI and NT-proBNP were successfully validated utilizing species-specific heart lysate spiked serum. Cohorts were defined by histopathology as animals with no evidence of cardiac disease ("control"), with confirmed cardiac disease ("disease"), and with concurrent renal and cardiac disease ("renal") for which serum samples were then analyzed. Serum concentration ranges for cTnI (ng/ml) and NT-proBNP (pmol/L) were determined for control and disease cohorts. There was significantly higher cTnI (= 0.003) and NT-proBNP (= 0.004) concentrations in the CSL disease cohort, as well as positive trends in BW, SO, and SSL disease cohorts that did not reach statistical significance. NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the CSL renal cohort compared with the control ( < 0.001) and disease (= 0.007) cohorts. These results suggest that cTnI and NT-proBNP may be clinically useful in the antemortem diagnosis of cardiac disease in CSL, and warrant further investigation in BW, SO, and SL.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2021-0152DOI Listing
June 2022

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