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Exploring the most important factors related to self-perceived health among older men in Sweden: a cross-sectional study using machine learning.

Authors:
Max Olsson David C Currow Magnus Per Ekström

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 21;12(6):e061242. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden.

Objective: To evaluate which factors are the most strongly related to self-perceived health among older men and describe the shape of the association between the related factors and self-perceived health using machine learning.

Design And Setting: This is a cross-sectional study within the population-based VAScular and Chronic Obstructive Lung disease study (VASCOL) conducted in southern Sweden in 2019.

Participants: A total of 475 older men aged 73 years from the VASCOL dataset.

Measures: Self-perceived health was measured using the first item of the Short Form 12. An extreme gradient-boosting model was trained to classify self-perceived health as better (rated: or ) or worse (rated: or ) using self-reported data on 19 prevalent physician-diagnosed , intensity of 9 and 9 . Importance of factors was measured in SHapley Additive exPlanations absolute mean and higher scores correspond to greater importance.

Results: The most important factors for classifying self-perceived health were: pain (0.629), sleep quality (0.595), breathlessness (0.549), fatigue (0.542) and depression (0.526). ranked well below and . Low levels of symptoms, good sleep quality, regular exercise, alcohol consumption and a body mass index between 22 and 28 were associated with better self-perceived health.

Conclusions: are more strongly related to self-perceived health than , which suggests that the impacts of are mediated through , which could be important targets to improve self-perceived health. Machine learning offers a new way to assess composite constructs such as well-being or quality of life.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061242DOI Listing
June 2022

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