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Invest New Drugs 2022 Aug 16. Epub 2022 Aug 16.

State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.

Background: Although anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) agents have been evaluated in the neoadjuvant setting for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer, including oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), the overall response rate is modest. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab in combination with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of locally advanced OCSCC.

Methods: OCSCC patients who underwent surgical resection within 6 months of treatment with nivolumab plus SBRT from December 2018 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022 Aug 15. Epub 2022 Aug 15.

Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

Opinion Statement: Radiation therapy is becoming an increasingly important part of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. Approximately 60% of all cancer patients require radiation therapy (RT) as part of their treatment. For lung cancer, this number is even higher, reaching approximately 77% of all patients, from radical to palliative modalities of RT. Read More

Mach Learn Sci Technol 2021 Sep 13;2(3). Epub 2021 May 13.

Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation (MAIA) Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Current beam orientation optimization algorithms for radiotherapy, such as column generation (CG), are typically heuristic or greedy in nature because of the size of the combinatorial problem, which leads to suboptimal solutions. We propose a reinforcement learning strategy using Monte Carlo Tree Search that can find a better beam orientation set in less time than CG. We utilize a reinforcement learning structure involving a supervised learning network to guide the Monte Carlo Tree Search and to explore the decision space of beam orientation selection problems. Read More

Nagoya J Med Sci 2022 May;84(2):327-338

Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.

Elective nodal irradiation (ENI) and involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) are definitive radiotherapeutic approaches used to treat patients with limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). However, no solid consensus exists on their optimal target volume. The current study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of patients with LD-SCLC who received definitive ENI or IFRT. Read More

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022 Sep 20;36:99-105. Epub 2022 Jul 20.

Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Rossendorf, Germany.

Background And Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is an adjuvant treatment option for glioma patients. Side effects include tissue atrophy, which might be a contributing factor to neurocognitive decline after treatment. The goal of this study was to determine potential atrophy of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, putamen, pallidum and caudate nucleus in glioma patients having undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after RT. Read More