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Exp Physiol 2022 May 22. Epub 2022 May 22.

Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the current status of the literature in sex differences in exertional heat stroke. What advances does this review highlight? We utilize a translational model to explore possible physical and physiological differences with respect risk and treatment of exertional heat stroke.

Abstract: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal condition brought about by a combination of physical activity and heat stress and resulting in central nervous system dysfunction and organ damage. Read More

J Comp Neurol 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Spider brain and central nervous system (CNS) have remained unexplored, due in part to the difficulty of observing these organs, usually only possible through histological preparations. Recently, internal anatomy studies have been supplemented by the inclusion of X- ray micro-CT. Unmineralized tissue such as the body of invertebrates requires a staining process to enhance tissue X-ray absorption and improve contrast during observation. Read More

Schizophr Res 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address:

At present, current diagnostic criteria and systems neglect affective symptom expression in catatonia. This potentially serious omission could explain why putative contributions of limbic system structures, such as amygdala, hippocampus or hypothalamus, to catatonia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have been scarcely investigated so far. To determine whether topographical alterations of the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus contribute to catatonia in SSD patients, we conducted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of SSD patients with (SSD-Cat, n = 30) and without (SSD-nonCat, n = 28) catatonia as defined by a Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS) total score of ≥3 and =0, respectively, in comparison with healthy controls (n = 20). Read More

Transl Res 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) represent some of the most commonly employed vectors for targeted gene delivery and their extensive study has resulted in the approval of multiple gene therapies to treat human diseases. The intranasal route of vector application in gene therapy offers several advantages over traditional ways of administration. In addition to targeting local tissue like the olfactory epithelium, it provides minimally invasive access to various organ systems, including the central nervous system and the respiratory tract. Read More

Pharmacol Ther 2022 May 18:108213. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A receptor (AAR), adenosine A receptor (AAR), adenosine A receptor (AAR), and adenosine A receptor (AAR). With the rapid generation of this nucleoside from cellular metabolism and the widespread distribution of its four G-protein coupled receptors in almost all organs and tissues of the body, this autacoid induces multiple physiological as well as pathological effects, not only regulating the cardiovascular system but also the central nervous system, peripheral vascular system, and immune system. Mounting evidence shows the role of CYP450-enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450s can increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Read More