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Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Sanofi, 450 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Type 2 immunity evolved to combat helminth infections by orchestrating a combined protective response of innate and adaptive immune cells and promotion of parasitic worm destruction or expulsion, wound repair, and barrier function. Aberrant type 2 immune responses are associated with allergic conditions characterized by chronic tissue inflammation, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Signature cytokines of type 2 immunity include interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-31, mainly secreted from immune cells, as well as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, mainly secreted from tissue cells, particularly epithelial cells. Read More

Clin Exp Immunol 2022 May;208(1):25-32

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.

Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are widely considered to be the most common chronic inflammatory disorders. This study was performed to investigate the clinical features, disease severity, and upper airway inflammation among patients with asthma, AR, and asthma comorbid AR. Blood and nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from patients with isolated asthma (n = 23), isolated AR (n = 22), and asthma comorbid AR (n = 22). Read More

Respir Res 2022 May 11;23(1):119. Epub 2022 May 11.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China.

Background: Asthma is significantly related to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) both in prevalence and severity. However, the clinical patterns of uncontrolled asthma with and without comorbid CRS are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and cytokine patterns of patients with uncontrolled asthma, with and without comorbid CRS. Read More

EMBO J 2022 Apr 25:e109300. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Departement of Oncology, UNIL-CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which are involved in type 2 inflammatory diseases such as allergy, can exhibit immunological memory, but the basis of this ILC2 "trained immunity" has remained unclear. Here, we found that stimulation with IL-33/IL-25 or exposure to the allergen papain induces the expression of the transcription factor c-Maf in mouse ILC2s. Chronic papain exposure results in high production of IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines and lung eosinophil recruitment, effects that are blocked by c-Maf deletion in ILCs. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Mar 30;11(4). Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan.

is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found on humans, and it constitutes the skin microbiota. Presence of in healthy individuals usually does not pose any threat, as the human body is equipped with many mechanisms to prevent pathogen invasion and infection. However, colonization of has been correlated with many healthcare-associated infections, and has been found in people with atopic diseases. Read More