Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a slow eye disease that affects the retina due to a long-standing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress can lead to a neuronal damage leading to DR.Objective: The aim of the current investigation is to assess the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) as a potential compound for the treatment and/or prevention of the neurovascular complications of diabetes including DR.