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Thymoquinone Attenuates Retinal Expression of Mediators and Markers of Neurodegeneration in a Diabetic Animal Model.

Authors:
Khalid M Alkharfy Ajaz Ahmad Mohammad Mairaj Siddiquei Mohammad Ghulam Ahmed Abu El-Asrar

Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022 Jan 13. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a slow eye disease that affects the retina due to a long-standing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress can lead to a neuronal damage leading to DR.

Objective: The aim of the current investigation is to assess the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) as a potential compound for the treatment and/or prevention of the neurovascular complications of diabetes including DR.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by the administration of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneally, i.p.). Subsequently, diabetic rats were treated with either TQ (2 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle on alternate days for three weeks. A healthy control group was also run in parallel. At the end of the treatment period, animals were euthanized and the retinas were collected and analyzed for the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and caspase-3 using Western blotting techniques in the retina of diabetic rats and compared with the normal control rats. In addition, dichlorofluorescein (DCF) levels in the retina was assessed as a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blood-retinal barrier breakdown (BRB) was examined for vascular permeability. The systemic effects of TQ treatments on glycemic control, kidney and liver functions were also assessed in all groups.

Results: Diabetic animals treated with TQ showed improvements in the liver and kidney functions compared with control diabetic rats. Normalization in the levels of neuroprotective factors including BDNF, TH, and NGFR was observed in the retina of diabetic rats treated with TQ. In addition, TQ ameliorated the levels of apoptosis regulatory protein caspase-3 in the retina of diabetic rats, and reduced disruption of the blood-retinal barrier possibly through a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that TQ harbors a significant potential to limit the neurodegeneration and retinal damage that can be provoked by hyperglycemia in vivo.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467215666220113105300DOI Listing
January 2022

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