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FASEB J 2022 May;36 Suppl 1

Physical Therapy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Introduction: Respiratory muscle (RM) performance has been theorized to contribute to exercise-induced dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and low exercise capacity in patients with obesity. However, the impact of acute impairments in RM performance on exercise intolerance and exercise capacity in patients with obesity remains uncertain. We hypothesized, that following peak aerobic exercise, impairments in RM performance would be observed in patients with obesity. Read More

Anesthesiology 2022 05;136(5):779-791

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.

Background: Vigorous spontaneous effort can potentially worsen lung injury. This study hypothesized that the prone position would diminish a maldistribution of lung stress and inflation after diaphragmatic contraction and reduce spontaneous effort, resulting in less lung injury.

Methods: A severe acute respiratory distress syndrome model was established by depleting surfactant and injurious mechanical ventilation in 6 male pigs ("mechanism" protocol) and 12 male rabbits ("lung injury" protocol). Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2022 06 20;32(6):754-763. Epub 2022 Mar 20.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Background: Intraoperative hypercapnia and hypocapnia are common during pediatric anesthesia, and the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure may be affected by the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide. Transorbital ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter is a simple and non-invasive method for intracranial pressure assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide (E CO ) on optic nerve sheath diameter in a healthy anesthetized pediatric population. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2022 18;36:101607. Epub 2022 Feb 18.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan.

Laryngeal papilloma is a benign tumor characterized by minimal symptoms; however, in rare cases, it can cause airway obstruction and should be treated with caution. A 65-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a history of dyspnea for the past 20 years. Chest computed tomography revealed the presence of a tracheal diverticulum with an internal septum on the right side of the trachea at the apex of the lung. Read More

Eur J Appl Physiol 2022 Mar 16;122(3):663-676. Epub 2022 Jan 16.

Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

Purpose: To assess whether night-time increases in mechanical loading negatively impact respiratory muscle function in COPD and whether compensatory increases in inspiratory neural drive (IND) are adequate to stabilize ventilatory output and arterial oxygen saturation, especially during sleep when wakefulness drive is withdrawn.

Methods: 21 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD and 20 age-/sex-matched healthy controls (CTRL) participated in a prospective, cross-sectional, one-night study to assess the impact of COPD on serial awake, supine inspiratory capacity (IC) measurements and continuous dynamic respiratory muscle function (esophageal manometry) and IND (diaphragm electromyography, EMGdi) in supine sleep.

Results: Supine inspiratory effort and EMGdi were consistently twice as high in COPD versus CTRL (p < 0. Read More