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Substrate- and Calcium-Dependent Differential Regulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Energy Production in the Heart and Kidney.

Authors:
Xiao Zhang Namrata Tomar Sunil M Kandel Said H Audi Allen W Cowley Ranjan K Dash

Cells 2021 12 31;11(1). Epub 2021 Dec 31.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.

Mitochondrial dehydrogenases are differentially stimulated by Ca. Ca has also diverse regulatory effects on mitochondrial transporters and other enzymes. However, the consequences of these regulatory effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and ATP production, and the dependencies of these consequences on respiratory substrates, have not been investigated between the kidney and heart despite the fact that kidney energy requirements are second only to those of the heart. Our objective was, therefore, to elucidate these relationships in isolated mitochondria from the kidney outer medulla (OM) and heart. ADP-induced mitochondrial respiration was measured at different CaCl concentrations in the presence of various respiratory substrates, including pyruvate + malate (PM), glutamate + malate (GM), alpha-ketoglutarate + malate (AM), palmitoyl-carnitine + malate (PCM), and succinate + rotenone (SUC + ROT). The results showed that, in both heart and OM mitochondria, and for most complex I substrates, Ca effects are biphasic: small increases in Ca concentration stimulated, while large increases inhibited mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, significant differences in substrate- and Ca-dependent O utilization towards ATP production between heart and OM mitochondria were observed. With PM and PCM substrates, Ca showed more prominent stimulatory effects in OM than in heart mitochondria, while with GM and AM substrates, Ca had similar biphasic regulatory effects in both OM and heart mitochondria. In contrast, with complex II substrate SUC + ROT, only inhibitory effects on mitochondrial respiration was observed in both the heart and the OM. We conclude that the regulatory effects of Ca on mitochondrial OxPhos and ATP synthesis are biphasic, substrate-dependent, and tissue-specific.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010131DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750792PMC
December 2021

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