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Intern Med 2022 Aug 10. Epub 2022 Aug 10.

Department of Neurology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan.

A Japanese man in his 60s on medication for chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with progressive, multifocal neurological manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a small, solitary region of brainstem involvement. Sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction testing detected a small amount of JC virus (JCV) DNA (170 copies/mL) with pathogenic mutation in cerebrospinal fluid. Read More

Apert Neuro 2021 16;1(4). Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Brain-Inspired Computing Lab, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers a rich source of data for studying the neural basis of cognition. Here, we describe the Brain Imaging Analysis Kit (BrainIAK), an open-source, free Python package that provides computationally optimized solutions to key problems in advanced fMRI analysis. A variety of techniques are presently included in BrainIAK: intersubject correlation (ISC) and intersubject functional connectivity (ISFC), functional alignment via the shared response model (SRM), full correlation matrix analysis (FCMA), a Bayesian version of representational similarity analysis (BRSA), event segmentation using hidden Markov models, topographic factor analysis (TFA), inverted encoding models (IEMs), an fMRI data simulator that uses noise characteristics from real data (fmrisim), and some emerging methods. Read More

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022 22;10:940735. Epub 2022 Jul 22.

Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.

The cartilage has poor ability to mount a sufficient healing response. Herein, kartogenin (KGN), an emerging stable non-protein compound with the ability to recruit bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells (BMSCs) to promote chondrogenic differentiation, was grafted onto dopamine-Fe(III) chelating nanoparticles, followed by involving a gelatin- and dextran-based injectable hydrogel to mimic the extracellular matrix to promote cartilage repair. The results demonstrated that KGN underwent long-term sustained release behavior and availably promoted the deep migration of BMSC cells in yielding hydrogels. Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2022 19;14:919734. Epub 2022 Jul 19.

Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States.

Background: Treatment resistant depression is common in older adults and treatment is often complicated by medical comorbidities and polypharmacy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option for this group due to its favorable profile. However, early influential studies suggested that rTMS is less effective in older adults. Read More

Radiologie (Heidelb) 2022 Jun 20;62(6):486-495. Epub 2022 May 20.

Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Deutschland.

Clinical Issue: Despite being one of the main pillars of modern diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses only a tiny fraction of its potential: no more than a millionth of all nuclear spins contribute to the MRI signal. In order to increase this fraction, called polarization, MRI scanners with stronger magnetic fields are being developed. However, even the most modern scanners do not exploit the potential of MRI. Read More