Background And Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that human cholestasis is closely associated with the accumulation and activation of hepatic macrophages. Research indicates that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) exerts liver protective effects in cholestatic liver disease (CLD), particularly by ameliorating inflammation and fibrosis, thus limiting disease progression. However, the existing PPARγ agonists, such as troglitazone and rosiglitazone, have significant side effects that impede their clinical application in the treatment of CLD.