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Allergenic components of the mRNA-1273 vaccine for COVID-19: possible involvement of polyethylene glycol and IgG-mediated complement activation.

Authors:
Ludger Klimek Natalija Novak Beatriz Cabanillas Marek Jutel Jean Bousquet Cezmi A Akdis

Allergy 2021 Mar 3. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.

Following the emergency use authorization of the mRNA-1273 vaccine on the 18 of December2020,two mRNAvaccinesare in current use for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For both mRNA vaccines, the phase IIIpivotal trials excluded individuals with a history of allergy tovaccine components.Immediately after the initiation of vaccination in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the US, anaphylactic reactions were reported. While the culprit trigger requires investigation, initial reports suggested the excipient polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG-2000) -contained in both vaccines as the PEG-micellar carrier system - as the potentialculprit. Surface PEG chains form a hydrate shell to increasestability and prevent opsonization. Allergic reactions to such PEGylated lipids can be IgE-mediated,but may alsoresult from complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) that has been described insimilar liposomes. In addition, mRNA-1273 also contains tromethamine (trometamol), which has been reported to cause anaphylaxis to substances such asgadolinium-based contrast media. Skin prick, intradermal and epicutaneoustests, in vitro sIgE assessment, evaluation ofsIgG/IgM,as well as basophil activation tests are being used to demonstrate allergic reactions to various components of the vaccines.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.14794DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8013891PMC
March 2021

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Juan Huang Qijiao Chen Yuping Rong Bin Tang Liwei Zhu Rongrong Ren Taoxiong Shi Qingfu Chen

PeerJ 2021 31;9:e11136. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Guizhou Normal University, Research Center of Guizhou Buckwheat Engineering and Technology, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China.

Tartary buckwheat is a nutritious pseudo-cereal crop that is resistant to abiotic stresses, such as drought. However, the buckwheat's mechanisms for responding to drought stress remains unknown. We investigated the changes in physiology and gene expression under drought stress, which was simulated by treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Read More

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Successful SARS-CoV-2 vaccine allergy risk-management: the experience of a large Italian University Hospital.

Authors:
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Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital - Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy.

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Objective: We describe the allergy work-up protocol implemented for the vaccination campaign in our Center, aiming to allow the greatest number of people to be vaccinated safely. Read More

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Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

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Environ Pollut 2021 Apr 4;283:117054. Epub 2021 Apr 4.

Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Graduate Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology and Natural Resources Conservation, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:

Although many polymers are known by their toxicity, we know nothing about the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on anurofauna. Its presence in different products and disposal in aquatic environments turn assessments about its impact on amphibians an urgent matter. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that short-time exposure (72 h) of tadpoles belonging to the species Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura, Leptodactylidae) to PEG induces oxidative stress and neurotoxicity on them. Read More

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