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J Psychiatr Res 2021 Apr 9;138:194-199. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that is considered a valuable and promising technique for improving depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the exact mechanism by which rTMS ameliorates depressive symptoms remains to be clarified.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyzed the changes in metabolites of patients with TRD in the rTMS treatment, especially focusing on the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2021 ;33(1):3-17

Laboratory of Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint-Peterburg State University, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,

Background: The review analyzes the possible role of autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the evolution of concepts on this issue from its origin to the present.

Results: Risks of autoimmune processes causing schizophrenia are associated with several factors: an impaired functioning of dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the brain, kynurenine pathway disorder with overproduction of quinolinic, anthranilic, and kynurenic acids (possibly altering both neurons and T-regulators), increased intestinal permeability, as well as food antigens' effects, stress and infections with various pathogens at different stages of ontogenesis. An increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as a decrease in the levels of anti-inflammatory ones also may contribute to schizophrenia risks. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2021 Jun 13;23(6). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China.

Tryptophan 2,3‑dioxygenase (TDO2) is a key rate‑limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway and promotes tumor growth and escape from immune surveillance in different types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate whether TDO2 serves a role in the development of ovarian cancer. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of TDO2 in different cell lines. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 25;11:628821. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in cancer development, however, the specific mechanisms of CAFs associated renal cancer progression remain poorly understood. Our study observed enriched CAFs in high degree malignant tumor tissues from renal cancer patients. These CAFs isolated from tumor tissues are prone to facilitate drugs resistance and promote tumor progression and . Read More

Transpl Immunol 2021 Apr 7:101393. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China. Electronic address:

Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) can promote tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine and modulate regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby maintains lower efficiency to induce tolerance. Our aim is to investigate the mechanism of tolerance induction by a IDO metabolite named Immutol.

Methods: We established rat heterotopic heart transplantation models and treated them with Immutol, cyclosporine A (CsA) and 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT) in vivo. Read More