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Synaptic plasticity plays an important role in learning and memory in the developing hippocampus. However, the precise molecular mechanism in lead exposure models remains to be studied. UCP2, an inner mitochondrial anion carrier, regulates synaptic plasticity through uncoupling neurons. And hnRNP K, an RNA binding protein, plays a role in modulating the expression of transcripts coding synaptic plasticity. We aim to investigate whether lead exposure affects UCP2 and hnRNP K expression levels. The Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to different lead acetate concentrations (0 g/l, 0.5 g/l, 2.0 g/l) during gestational and lactational periods. PC12 cells were also exposed to different lead acetate concentrations (0 μM, 1 μM and 100 μM). We found that the expression levels of UCP2 and hnRNP K had significant declines in the lead exposure rat hippocampus and PC12 cells. Furthermore, the up-regulation of hnRNP K expression level could reverse the expression level of UCP2 in lead exposure models. In conclusion, these results suggest that lead exposure can reduce the expression level of UCP2 which is mediated by decreasing the expression level of hnRNP K.