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Front Immunol 2021 22;12:646940. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) poses a diagnostic challenge due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation, which overlaps with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. During the diagnostic work-up, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is routinely obtained, allowing for differential diagnostics as well as for the determination of antibody subclasses and specificities. In this monocentric cohort study, we describe initial and serial CSF findings of 33 patients diagnosed with antibody-associated AIE (LGI1 (n=8), NMDA (n=7), CASPR2 (n=3), IgLON5 (n=3), AMPAR (n=1), GAD65/67 (n=4), Yo (n=3), Ma-1/2 (n=2), CV2 (n=2)). Read More

Epilepsia 2021 Mar 25. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

The objective of this study was to describe serological association of musicogenic epilepsy and to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of seropositive cases. Through retrospective chart review, musicogenic epilepsy patients were identified. Among 16 musicogenic epilepsy patients, nine underwent autoantibody evaluations and all had high-titer glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-immunoglobulin G (GAD65-IgG; >20 nmol·L , serum, normal ≤ . Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021 Feb 9. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Objective: To determine clinical manifestations, immunotherapy responsiveness and outcomes of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) neurological autoimmunity.

Methods: We identified 323 Mayo Clinic patients with high-titre (>20 nmol/L in serum) GAD65 antibodies out of 380 514 submitted anti-GAD65 samples (2003-2018). Patients classified as having GAD65 neurological autoimmunity after chart review were analysed to determine disease manifestations, immunotherapy responsiveness and predictors of poor outcome (modified Rankin score >2). Read More

J Neurol 2021 Feb 5. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France.

The common co-occurrence of autoimmune systemic diseases in patients with neurological disorders and antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) suggests a shared genetic predisposition to these disorders. However, the nature and frequency of familial aggregation of autoimmune diseases, which might also support this hypothesis, have been poorly investigated. Herein, an exploratory, interview-based study was conducted with the aim of describing the autoimmune diseases displayed by the relatives of GAD65 neurological patients, their frequency, kinship, and potential patterns of inheritance. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021 Jan 7;30:82-87. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Division of Child Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 2001 Marcus Ave, Suite W290, New Hyde Park, NY, 11042, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous class of inflammatory diseases of the brain that can present with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients may be negative for CSF anti-neuronal antibodies, which can make the diagnosis of AE challenging. Distinguishing features between paediatric and adult patients with AE are not well characterized. Read More