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J Struct Biol 2021 Apr 5:107736. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Laboratory of Chemical Physics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-0520 USA.

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an important tool for determining the molecular structure of proteins and protein assemblies, including helical assemblies such as amyloid fibrils. In reconstruction of amyloid fibril structures from cryo-EM images, an important early step is the selection of fibril locations. This fibril picking step is typically done by hand, a tedious process when thousands of images need to be analyzed. Read More

Opt Express 2021 Mar;29(7):10613-10630

In this paper, antisymmetry-constructed clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AC-OFDM) is proposed for visible light communication (VLC) systems, in which an antisymmetry property is imposed directly in time domain. AC-OFDM has nearly the same spectral efficiency and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) as traditional asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) but is less complex to implement. Layered AC-OFDM (LAC-OFDM) is then proposed as an extension to further improve spectral efficiency, where different layers of AC-OFDM signals are added in the time domain and transmitted simultaneously. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2021 Mar 22;12(3). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Low complexity regions (LCRs) in proteins are characterized by amino acid frequencies that differ from the average. These regions evolve faster and tend to be less conserved between homologs than globular domains. They are not common in bacteria, as compared to their prevalence in eukaryotes. Read More

Int J Neural Syst 2021 Mar 22:2150018. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutic, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75230, USA.

Approximately, one third of patients with epilepsy are refractory to medical therapy and thus can be at high risk of injuries and sudden unexpected death. A low-complexity electroencephalography (EEG)-based seizure monitoring algorithm is critically important for daily use, especially for wearable monitoring platforms. This paper presents a personalized EEG feature selection approach, which is the key to achieve a reliable seizure monitoring with a low computational cost. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 Mar;118(12)

Facebook AI Research, 75002 Paris, France.

Words categorize the semantic fields they refer to in ways that maximize communication accuracy while minimizing complexity. Focusing on the well-studied color domain, we show that artificial neural networks trained with deep-learning techniques to play a discrimination game develop communication systems whose distribution on the accuracy/complexity plane closely matches that of human languages. The observed variation among emergent color-naming systems is explained by different degrees of discriminative need, of the sort that might also characterize different human communities. Read More