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Nat Commun 2021 04 6;12(1):2079. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.

Human manganese superoxide dismutase is a critical oxidoreductase found in the mitochondrial matrix. Concerted proton and electron transfers are used by the enzyme to rid the mitochondria of O. The mechanisms of concerted transfer enzymes are typically unknown due to the difficulties in detecting the protonation states of specific residues and solvent molecules at particular redox states. Read More

Biochemistry 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.

The catalytic activity of dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) toward bulky substrates, including anthraquinone dyes, phenolic lignin model compounds, or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), is in strong contrast to their sterically restrictive active site. In two of the three known subfamilies (A- and C/D-type DyPs), catalytic protein radicals at surface-exposed sites, which are connected to the heme cofactor by electron transfer path(s), have been identified. So far in B-type DyPs, there has been no evidence for protein radical formation after activation by hydrogen peroxide. Read More

Chemistry 2021 Mar 29. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Università degli Studi di Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY.

Aromatic amino acids such as L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan are deployed in natural systems to mediate electron transfer (ET) reactions. While tyrosine oxidation is always coupled to deprotonation (proton-coupled electron-transfer, PCET), both ET-only and PCET pathways can occur in the case of the tryptophan residue. In the present work, two novel conjugates 1 and 2 , based on a Sn(IV) tetraphenylporphyrin and Sn(IV) octaethylporphyrin, respectively, as the chromophore/electron acceptor and L-tryptophan as electron/proton donor, have been prepared and thoroughly characterized by a combination of different techniques including single crystal X-ray analysis. Read More

Ageing Res Rev 2021 Mar 24:101324. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Team Bio-PeroxIL 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA 7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Inserm, Dijon, France. Electronic address:

Age-related diseases for which there are no effective treatments include cardiovascular diseases; neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease; eye disorders such as cataract and age-related macular degeneration; and, more recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). These diseases are associated with plasma and/or tissue increases in cholesterol derivatives mainly formed by auto-oxidation: 7-ketocholesterol, also known as 7-oxo-cholesterol, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol. The formation of these oxysterols can be considered as a consequence of mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction, leading to increased in oxidative stress, which is accentuated with age. Read More

J Neuroendocrinol 2021 Mar;33(3):e12957

Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Arcuate nucleus (ARH) dopaminergic neurones regulate several biological functions, including prolactin secretion and metabolism. These cells are responsive to growth hormone (GH), although it is still unknown whether GH action on ARH dopaminergic neurones is required to regulate different physiological aspects. Mice carrying specific deletion of GH receptor (GHR) in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- or dopamine transporter (DAT)-expressing cells were produced. Read More