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Micron 2021 Feb 2;144:103028. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.

The microstructure and hardness of case-hardened steel were investigated after carburizing and austenitizing at 820-900 °C, and oil quenching and tempering at 180 °C. The carburized case had a multiphase microstructure consisting of martensite, carbides, and retained austenite, and the maximum content of the retained austenite was 30%; the particle size range was 2-3 μm. The nano-hardness decreased from about 12 GPa near the surface to about 7 GPa in the core, and the microhardness decreased from 800 HV to 450 HV. Read More

J Hazard Mater 2021 Feb 20;414:125474. Epub 2021 Feb 20.

School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

A preparation of colloidal activated carbon (CAC) for phenol remediation from groundwater was introduced. The CAC prepared by a simple pulverization technique was an excellent metal-free catalyst for persulfate (PS) activation due to high contact surface area. The removal efficiency of phenol in the PS/CAC system (~100%) was higher than that in the PS/activated carbon (AC) system (90. Read More

Int J Pharm 2021 Feb 26:120424. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

The physical characteristics of raw materials determine powder compression and compaction performance as relevant in pharmaceutical processes. For instance, the influence of initial particle size on powder compression and the resulting strength of specimen are highly complex and are still not sufficiently understood. Existing studies are often limited to materials with well-defined deformation behaviour, such as purely brittle or ductile. Read More

J Pharm Sci 2021 Feb 26. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309. Electronic address:

Therapeutic proteins are among the most widely prescribed medications, with wide distribution and complex supply chains. Shipping exposes protein formulations to stresses that can trigger aggregation, although the exact mechanism(s) responsible for aggregation are unknown. To better understand how shipping causes aggregation, we compared populations of aggregates that were formed in a polyclonal antibody formulation during live shipping studies to populations observed in accelerated stability studies designed to mimic both the sporadic high g-force and continuous low g-force stresses encountered during shipping. Read More

Chem Commun (Camb) 2021 Mar 1. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

The hygroscopicity of respiratory aerosol determines their particle size distribution and regulates solute concentrations to which entrained microorganisms are exposed. Here, we report the hygroscopicity of simulated lung fluid (SLF) particles. While the response of aqueous particles follow simple mixing rules based on composition, we observe phase hysteresis with increasing and decreasing relative humidity (RH) and clear uptake of water prior to deliquescence. Read More